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19-1320; Rev 1; 3/98
NUAL KIT MA T ATION A SHEE EVALU S DAT OLLOW F
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
____________________________Features
o Low-Cost Silicon Bipolar Design o Integrated Upconvert/Downconvert Function o Operates from Single +2.7V to +5.5V Supply o 3.2dB Combined Receiver Noise Figure: 2.4dB (LNA) 9.8dB (Mixer) o Flexible Power-Amplifier Driver: 18dBm Output Third-Order Intercept (OIP3) 35dB Gain Control Range o LO Buffer for Low LO Drive Level o Low Power Consumption: 60mW Receive 90mW Full-Power Transmit o 0.3W Shutdown Mode o Flexible Power-Down Modes Compatible with MAX2510/MAX2511 IF Transceivers
________________General Description
The MAX2410 performs the RF front-end transmit/receive function in time-division-duplex (TDD) communication systems. It operates over a wide frequency range and is optimized for RF frequencies around 1.9GHz. Applications include most popular cordless and PCS standards. The MAX2410 contains a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a downconverter mixer, a local-oscillator (LO) buffer, an upconverter mixer, and a variable-gain power-amplifier (PA) driver in a low-cost, plastic surface-mount package. The LNA has a 2.4dB (typical) noise figure and a -10dBm input third-order intercept point (IP3). The downconverter mixer has a low 9.8dB noise figure and a 3.3dBm IP3. Image and LO filtering are implemented offchip for maximum flexibility. The PA driver has 15dB of gain, which can be reduced over a 35dB (typical) range. Power consumption is only 60mW in receive mode or 90mW in transmit mode and drops to less than 0.3W in shutdown mode. A similar part, the MAX2411A, features the same functionality as the MAX2410 but offers a differential bidirectional (transmit and receive) IF port. This allows the use of a single IF filter for transmit (TX) and receive (RX). For applications requiring a receive function only, consult the data sheet for the MAX2406, a low-cost downconverter with low-noise amplifier.
MAX2410
_______________Ordering Information
PART MAX2410EEI MAX2410E/D TEMP. RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 28 QSOP Dice*
*Dice are specified at TA = +25C, DC parameters only.
________________________Applications
PWT1900 DCS1800/PCS1900 PHS/PACS DECT ISM-Band Transceiver Iridium Handsets
___________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
GND 1 LNAIN 2 GND 3 28 GND 27 LNAOUT 26 GND 25 GND 24 RXMXIN
Functional Diagram
LNAOUT RXMXIN
GND 4 VCC 5 RXEN 6 LO 7
MAX2410
23 GND 22 IFIN 21 IFOUT 20 GND 19 TXMXOUT 18 GND 17 GND 16 PADRIN 15 GND
LNA LNAIN RXEN TXEN PADROUT POWER MANAGEMENT RX MIXER
IFOUT
LO 8 TXEN 9
MAX2410
PA DRIVER TX MIXER
LO LO
VCC 10 GC 11 GND 12
IFIN
PADROUT 13 GND 14
GC PADRIN
TXMXOUT
QSOP ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769.
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +6V LNAIN Input Power.........................................................+15dBm LO, LO Input Power........................................................+10dBm PADRIN Input Power ......................................................+10dBm RXMXIN Input Power ......................................................+10dBm IFIN Input Power.............................................................+10dBm RXEN, TXEN, GC Voltage...........................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) QSOP (derate 11mW/C above +70C) .......................909mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +165C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V, VGC = 3.0V, RXEN = TXEN = 0.6V, IFOUT and PADROUT pulled up to VCC with 50 resistors, TXMXOUT pulled up to VCC with 125 resistor, LNAOUT pulled up to VCC with 100 resistor, all other RF and IF inputs open, TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C and VCC = 3.0V.) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Range Digital Input Voltage High Digital Input Voltage Low RXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) TXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) GC Input Bias Current Supply Current, Receive Mode Supply Current, Transmit Mode Supply Current, Standby Mode Supply Current, Shutdown Mode RXEN, TXEN pins RXEN, TXEN pins RXEN = 2V TXEN = 2V GC = 3V, TXEN = 2V RXEN = 2V TXEN = 2V RXEN = 2V, TXEN = 2V VCC = 3V 0.1 0.1 35 20 30 160 0.1 CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 2.0 0.6 1 1 46 29.5 44.5 520 10 TYP MAX 5.5 UNITS V V V A A A mA mA A A
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER (RXEN = High) Gain (Note 1) Noise Figure Input IP3 Output 1dB Compression LO to LNAIN Leakage RECEIVE MIXER (RXEN = High) Conversion Gain (Note 1) Noise Figure Input IP3 Input 1dB Compression IFOUT Frequency Minimum LO Drive Level 2 (Notes 1, 4) (Note 5) -17 TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX Single sideband (Note 3) 6.6 5.4 8.3 9.8 3.3 -8 450 9.8 10.8 dB dB dBm dBm MHz dBm RXEN = high or low (Note 2) TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX 14.2 12.6 16.2 2.4 -10 -5 -49 17.4 19.1 dB dB dBm dBm dBm CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER TRANSMIT MIXER (TXEN = high) Conversion Gain (Note 1) Output IP3 Output 1dB Compression Point LO Leakage Noise Figure IFIN Frequency Intermod Spurious Response (Note 7) Single sideband (Notes 1, 4) fOUT = 2LO-2IF = 2.2GHz fOUT = 2LO-3IF = 1.8GHz fOUT = 3LO-6IF = 2.1GHz POWER AMPLIFIER DRIVER (TXEN = high) Gain (Note 1) Output IP3 Output 1dB Compression Point Gain-Control Range Gain-Control Sensitivity Input Relative VSWR Normalized to Standby-Mode Impedance Receiver Turn-On Time Transmitter Turn-On Time Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: (Note 8) Receive (TXEN = Low) Transmit (RXEN = Low) (Notes 1, 9) (Notes 1, 10) LOCAL OSCILLATOR INPUTS (RXEN = TXEN = high) 1.10 1.02 0.5 0.3 2.5 2.5 s s TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX (Note 3) 13 12.3 18 6.3 35 12 15 16.4 17 dB dBm dBm dB dB/V -44 -74 -90 TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX (Note 6) 8.6 7.3 -0.3 -11.4 -52 8.2 450 10 11.1 11.8 dB dBm dBm dBm dB MHz dBc dBc dBc CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAX2410
POWER MANAGEMENT (RXEN = TXEN = low)
Guaranteed by design and characterization. Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -32dBm per tone Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -22dBm per tone Mixer operation guaranteed to this frequency. For optimum gain, adjust output match. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for graphs of IFIN and IFOUT Impedance vs. IF Frequency. Note 5: At this LO drive level the mixer conversion gain is typically 1dB lower than with -10dBm LO drive. Note 6: Two tones at 400MHz and 401MHz at -32dBm per tone. Note 7: Transmit mixer output at -17dBm. Note 8: Calculated from measurements taken at VGC = 1.0V and VGC = 1.5V. Note 9: Time from RXEN = low to RXEN = high transition until the combined receive gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on LNAIN and LNAOUT. Note 10: Time from TXEN = low to TXEN = high transition until the combined transmit gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on PADRIN and PADROUT.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. All impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network).)
TRANSMIT-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-01
RECEIVE-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
RECEIVE-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) RXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V
MAX2410-02
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -40 -15 10 35 60 85 RXEN = TXEN = GND
MAX2410-03
MAX2410-06
38 TRANSMIT-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 36
TXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
0.10
34 VCC = 4.0V 32 30 28 VCC = 2.7V 26 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 3.0V
VCC = 4.0V
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -40 -15 10 35 60 85
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
RXEN = TXEN = 2.0V
MAX2410-04
LNA INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
120 IMAGINARY REAL IMPEDANCE () REAL IMPEDANCE () RXEN = VCC 80 60 40 REAL 20 0 -40 -80 -120 -160 -200 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 100 0 200
MAX2410-05
LNA OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
40 250 RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () -25 IMAGINARY 150 -50 0
500 STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
400 VCC = 5.5V 300 VCC = 4.0V 200
100 REAL
-75
100 VCC = 2.7V 0 -40 -15 10
VCC = 3.0V
50
-100
0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 FREQUENCY (GHz)
35
60
85
-125 3.0
TEMPERATURE (C)
LNA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT LNA INPUT USING EV KIT MATCHING CIRCUIT (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) RXEN = VCC LNA GAIN (dB) LNA GAIN (dB) 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz)
MAX2410-07
LNA GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-08
LNA INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
-6 -7 INPUT IP3 (dBm) RXEN = VCC VCC = 3.0V
MAX2410-09
30 25
20 RXEN = VCC 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 -40 -15 10 35 60 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
-5
-8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 4.0V VCC = 5.5V
85
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. All impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network).)
LNA NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2410-10
MAX2410
LNA OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2410-11
PA DRIVER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
160 TXEN = VCC 140 REAL IMPEDANCE () 120 100 80 60 40 REAL IMAGINARY 30 -10 -50 -90 -130 -170 -210 -250 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
MAX2410-12
5.0 4.5 4.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 100 480 860 1240 1620 RXEN = VCC
0 OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm) RXEN = VCC -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
70
20 0 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
2000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
PA DRIVER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
200 TXEN = VCC 175 REAL IMPEDANCE () 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) REAL IMAGINARY 0 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () -50 -100 -150 -200 -250 -300 -350 25
MAX2410-13
PA DRIVER GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2410-14
PA DRIVER GAIN AND OUTPUT IP3 vs. GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE
15 GAIN (dB) OR OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 GAIN IP3 TXEN = VCC
MAX2410-15
50
30
USING EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) TXEN = VCC
20
20 GAIN (dB) 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz)
-30 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE (V)
PA DRIVER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-16
PA DRIVER GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-17
PA DRIVER OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm)
MAX2410-18
21 TXEN = VCC 20 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 19 18 VCC = 4.0V 17 16 15 14 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V
18 TXEN = VCC 17 PA DRIVER GAIN (dB) 16 15 14 13 12 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
8 6 4 TXEN = VCC 2 0 -2 VGC = 1.0V -4 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2
VGC = 2.15V
VCC = 3.0V
100
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
5.7
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. All impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network).)
PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2410-19
PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE
MAX2410-20
RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
100 90 80 REAL IMPEDANCE () 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 REAL IMAGINARY
MAX2410-21
10 9 8 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 TXEN = VCC
30 TXEN = VCC 25 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 20 15 10 5 0
0 -20 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -180
RXEN = VCC
0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (GHz)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FREQUENCY (GHz)
-200 3.0
IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
1000 900 800 REAL IMPEDANCE () 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 FREQUENCY (MHz) REAL RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY
MAX2410-21
RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-23
RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
RXEN = VCC 6 5 4 3 VCC = 2.7V 2 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
MAX2410-24
0 -100 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 -900
10 RXEN = VCC 9 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) VCC = 5.5V
7
8 VCC = 2.7V 7
6 1 5 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C) 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (C)
-1000 700
RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY
MAX2410-25
RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER
RXEN = VCC 12 GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) NOISE FIGURE 11 10 9 8 7 6 GAIN
MAX2410-26
INPUT IP3 (dBm)
TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
300 250 REAL IMPEDANCE () 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 REAL TXEN = VCC IMAGINARY
MAX2410-27
16 14 12 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 RXEN = VCC fIF = 400MHz 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK AT RXMXIN AND IFOUT NARROWBAND MATCH AT RXMXIN, EV KIT MATCH AT IFOUT
13
0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -125 -150 -175 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
5 3.0 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 LO POWER (dBm)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
-200 3.0
RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
FREQUENCY (GHz)
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2410 EV kit, VCC = 3.0V, VGC = 2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIFIN = 400MHz, PIFIN = -32dBm. All measurements performed in 50 environment. TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. All impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network).)
IF INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
500 TXEN = VCC CONVERSION GAIN (dB) IMAGINARY IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 400 REAL IMPEDANCE () -300
MAX2410-28
MAX2410
TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-29
TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY
900MHz MATCH 3GHz MATCH
MAX2410-30
0
14 TXEN = VCC 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
12 10 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 8 6
300
-600
200
-900
EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK 4 2 0 TXEN = VCC
100 REAL 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 FREQUENCY (GHz)
-1200
-1500 700
6 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
0.5
1.0
1.5.
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2410-31
TRANSMIT MIXER GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER
MAX2410-32
LO PORT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY
5 RXEN = TXEN = VCC 10 RETURN LOSS (dB) 15 20 25 30
MAX2410-33
1.0 TXEN = VCC 0.5 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -40 -15 10 35 60 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
11 GAIN GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) 10 TXEN = VCC 9
0
8
NOISE FIGURE
VCC = 3.0V
7 35 6 40 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 LO POWER (dBm) FREQUENCY (GHz)
85
TEMPERATURE (C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN 1, 3, 4, 12, 14, 18, 20, 23, 28 2 5, 10 NAME GND FUNCTION Ground. Connect to PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to the LNA. AC couple to this pin. At 1.9GHz, LNAIN can be easily matched to 50 with one external shunt 1pF capacitor. Supply Voltage (2.7V to 5.5V). Bypass VCC to GND at each pin with a 47pF capacitor as close to each pin as possible. Logic-Level Enable for Receiver Circuitry. A logic high turns on the receiver. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with a supply current of 160A (typical). If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with a supply current of 0.1A (typical). 50 Local-Oscillator (LO) Input Port. AC couple to this pin. 50 Inverting Local-Oscillator Input Port. For single-ended operation connect LO directly to GND. If a differential LO signal is available, AC couple the inverted LO signal to this pin. Logic-Level Enable for Transmitter Circuitry. A logic high turns on the transmitter. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with 160A (typical) supply current. If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with 0.1A (typical) supply current. Gain-Control Input for Power-Amplifier Driver. By applying an analog control voltage between 0V and 2.15V, the gain of the PA driver can be adjusted over a 35dB range. Connect to V CC for maximum gain. Power-Amplifier Driver Output. AC couple to this pin. Use external shunt inductor to V CC to match this pin to 50. This also provides DC bias. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADROUT Impedance vs. Frequency. Power-Amplifier Driver Input Ground. Connect to PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to Variable-Gain Power-Amplifier Driver. AC couple to this pin. Internally matched to 50. This input typically provides a 2:1 VSWR at 1.9GHz. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADRIN Impedance vs. Frequency. RF Output of Transmit Mixer (Upconverter). AC couple to this pin. Use an external shunt inductor to VCC as part of a matching network to 50. This also provides DC bias. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs. Frequency. IF Output of Receive Mixer (Downconverter). AC couple to this pin. This output is an open collector and should be pulled up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance. Alternatively, a resistor can be placed in parallel to this inductor to set a terminating impedance. See the Typical Operating Circuit for more information. IF Input of Transmit Mixer (Upconverter). AC couple to this pin. IFIN presents a high input impedance and typically requires a matching network. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of IFIN Impedance vs. Frequency. RF Input to Receive Mixer (Downconverter). AC couple to this pin. This input typically requires a matching network for connecting to an external filter. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of RXMXIN Impedance vs. Frequency. Receive Mixer Input Ground. Connect to PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. LNA Output Ground. Connect to PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. LNA Output. AC couple to this pin. This output typically provides a VSWR of better than 2:1 at frequencies from 1.7GHz to 3GHz with no external matching components. At other frequencies, a matching network may be required to match this pin to an external filter. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of LNA Output Impedance vs. Frequency.
LNAIN VCC
6 7 8
RXEN LO LO
9
TXEN
11
GC
13 15, 17 16
PADROUT GND PADRIN
19
TXMXOUT
21
IFOUT
22
IFIN
24 25 26 27
RXMXIN GND GND LNAOUT
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
Typical Operating Circuit
MAX2410
1 220pF LNA INPUT 1pF 3 2
GND LNAIN GND
GND LNAOUT GND
28 27 26 220pF LNA OUTPUT
4 VCC 5 47pF
GND
GND
25 220pF
VCC
MAX2410
RXMXIN
24
3.9nH
RX MIXER RFINPUT
GND 220pF LO INPUT
23
7
LO
IFIN
22
82nH VCC
1000pF
TX MIXER IFINPUT 1000pF
8 VCC 10 47pF
LO 68nH 21 20 VCC 18 17 5.6nH 1000pF 68nH ROPT 1000pF 50 RX MIXER IFOUTPUT
VCC
IFOUT GND
VCC 1000pF GND GND 18nH PA DRIVER OUTPUT 220pF 13 12 14 PADROUT GND GND TXEN 9 RXEN 6 GC 11 TXMXOUT
19 16 15
3.9nH 220pF
220pF
TX MIXER RFOUTPUT
PADRIN GND
PA DRIVER INPUT
_______________Detailed Description
The MAX2410 consists of five major components: a transmit mixer, a variable-gain power-amplifier (PA) driver, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a receive mixer, and power-management section. The following sections describe each block in the MAX2410 Functional Diagram.
Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA)
The LNA is a wideband, single-ended cascode amplifier that can be used over a wide range of frequencies (refer to the LNA Gain vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). Its port impedances are optimized for operation around 1.9GHz, requiring only a 1pF shunt capacitor at the LNA input for a VSWR of better than 2:1 and a noise figure of 2.4dB. As with every LNA, the input match can be traded off for better noise figure.
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
PA Driver
The PA driver typically has 15dB of gain, which is adjustable over a 35dB range via the GC pin. At full gain, the PA driver has a noise figure of 3.5dB at 1.9GHz. For input and output matching information, refer to the Typical Operating Characteristics for plots of PA Driver Input and Output Impedance vs. Frequency.
RF Output The transmit mixer output appears on the TXMXOUT pin. It is an open-collector output that requires an external pull-up inductor to VCC for DC biasing, which can be part of an impedance-matching network. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs Frequency. IF Input The IFIN pin is a self-biasing input that must be ACcoupled to the IF source. Refer to the Typical Operating Characteristics for plots of Input and Output Impedance vs. Frequency. Local-Oscillator Inputs The LO and LO pins are terminated with 50 on-chip resistors. AC couple the LO signal to these pins. If a single-ended LO source is used, connect LO directly to GND.
Receive Mixer
The receive mixer is a wideband, double-balanced design with excellent noise figure and linearity. The inputs to the mixer are the RF signal at the RXMXIN pin and the LO inputs at LO and LO. The downconverted output signal appears at the IFOUT port. The conversion gain of the receive mixer is typically 8.3dB with a noise figure of 9.8dB.
RF Input The RXMXIN input is typically connected to the LNA output through an off-chip filter. This input is externally matched to 50. See the Typical Operating Circuit for an example matching network and the RXMXIN Impedance vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Local-Oscillator Inputs The LO and LO pins are internally terminated with 50 on-chip resistors. AC couple the LO signal to these pins. If a single-ended LO source is used, connect LO directly to ground. IF Output Port The MAX2410's receive mixer output appears at the IFOUT pin, an open-collector output that requires an external pull-up inductor to VCC. This inductor can be part of a matching network to the desired IF impedance. Alternatively, a resistor can be placed in parallel with the pull-up inductor to set a terminating impedance.
The MAX2411A, a similar part to the MAX2410, has the same functionality as the MAX2410 but offers a differential, bidirectional (transmit and receive) IF port. This allows sharing of TX and RX IF filters, which for some applications provides a lower cost, smaller solution.
Advanced System Power Management
RXEN and TXEN are the two separate power-control inputs for the receiver and the transmitter. If both inputs are at logic 0, the part enters shutdown mode and the supply current drops below 1A. When one input is brought to a logic 1, the corresponding function is enabled. If RXEN and TXEN are both set to logic 1, the part enters standby mode as described in the Standby Mode section. Table 1 summarizes these operating modes. Power-down is guaranteed with a control voltage at or below 0.6V. The power-down function is designed to reduce the total power consumption to less than 1A in less than 2.5s. Complete power-up will happen in the same amount of time.
Table 1. Advanced System PowerManagement Functions
RXEN 0 0 1 1 TXEN 0 1 0 1 FUNCTION Shutdown Transmit Receive Standby Mode
Transmit Mixer
The transmit mixer takes an IF signal at the IFIN pin and upconverts it to an RF frequency at the TXMXOUT pin. The conversion gain is typically 10dB and the output 1dB compression point is typically -11.4dBm at 1.9GHz.
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
Standby Mode When the TXEN and RXEN pins are both set to logic 1, all functions are disabled and the supply current drops to 160A (typical). This mode is called standby, and it corresponds to a standby mode on the compatible IF transceiver chips MAX2510 and MAX2511.
vs. Frequency on all RF and IF pins for use in designing matching networks. The LO port (LO and LO) is internally terminated with 50 resistors and provides a VSWR of approximately 1.2:1 to 2GHz and 2:1 up to 3GHz.
MAX2410
Layout Issues
A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any RF/microwave circuit. Be sure to use controlled impedance lines on all high-frequency inputs and outputs. Use low-inductance connections to ground on all GND pins, and place decoupling capacitors close to all VCC connections. For the power supplies, a star topology works well. In a star topology, each VCC node in the circuit has its own path to the central VCC, and its own decoupling capacitor which provides a low impedance at the RF frequency of interest. The central V CC node has a large decoupling capacitor as well, to provide good isolation between the different sections of the MAX2410. The MAX2410 EV kit layout can be used as a guide to integrating the MAX2410 into your design.
Applications Information
Extended Frequency Range
The MAX2410 has been characterized at 1.9GHz for use in PCS-band applications; however, it operates over a much wider frequency range. The LNA gain and noise figure, as well as mixer conversion gain, are plotted over a wide frequency range in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating the device at RF frequencies other than those specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, it may be necessary to design or alter the matching networks on the RF ports. If the IF frequency is different than that specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, the IFIN and IFOUT matching networks must be altered. The Typical Operating Characteristics provide Port Impedance Data
_________________________________________Typical Application Block Diagram
RF BPF MATCH
RX MIXER LNAIN ANTENNA RF BPF T/R RXEN TXEN POWER MANAGEMENT LO LNA IFOUT MATCH IF BPF LOCAL OSCILLATOR RECEIVE IFOUT
MAX2410
PA DRIVER MATCH RF BPF
LO
IFIN PADROUT TX MIXER GC RF BPF MATCH CBLOCK
MATCH IF BPF
TRANSMIT IFIN
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2410
________________________________________________________Package Information
QSOP.EPS
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