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PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R943-02
GaAs (Cs) Photocathode, Wide Spectral Response, 51 mm (2") Diameter Head-on Type for Photon Counting, Low Dark Counts, Excellent P.H.D.
FEATURES
G Wide Spectral Response ............. 160 nm to 930 nm G High Quantum Efficiency in Near IR ... 14 % at 632.8 nm G Fast Rise Time ................................. 3.0 ns at 1500 V G Excellent Single Photoelectron Pulse Height Distribution ........................... Peak to Valley Ratio 2.3 (at -20 C) G Low Dark Counts ..................... 20 s-1 Typ. (at -20 C)
APPLICATIONS
G Raman Spectroscopy G Fluorescent Spectroscopy G Astrophysical Measurement G Laser Detection
Hamamatsu R943-02 is a 51 mm (2") diameter head-on type photomultiplier tube having GaAs (Cs) photocathode and synthetic silica window. The combination of the GaAs photocathode and the synthetic silica window allows high sensitivity over a wide spectral range from UV to IR (160 nm to 930 nm). The R943-02 is selected for photon counting and features low dark counts and excellent pulse height distribution (PHD) of single photoelectrons.
GENERAL
Parameter Spectral Response Wavelength of Maximum Response Photocathode MateriaI Minimum Effective Area Mode Window Material Dynode Secondary Emitting Surface Structure Number of Stages Direct Interelectrode Capacitances Anode to Last Dynode Anode to All Other Electrodes Base SuitabIe Socket Weight Operating Ambient Temperature A Storage Temperature Description / Value 160 to 930 300 to 850 GaAs(Cs) 10 x 10 Opaque Synthetic silica glass Cu-BeO Linear focused 10 Approx. 2.7 Approx. 5.0 21-pin glass base E678-21C (supplied) E678-21D (sold separately) 93 -30 to +50 -80 to +50 Unit nm nm -- mm -- -- -- -- -- pF pF -- -- g C C
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
102
TPMHB0281EA
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
101
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY
100
10-1
10-2
200
400
600
800
1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2003 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R943-02
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter Supply Voltage Between Anode and Cathode Between Anode and Last Dynode Average Anode Current B Average Pulse Count Rate C Average Cathode Current D Value 2200 250 1 6 x 106 1 Unit V V A s-1 nA
CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 C)
Parameter Cathode Sensitivity E Quantum Efficiency at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line) at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser) Luminous F Radiant at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line) at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser) at 700 nm at 852.1 nm (Cs-Line) Red/White Ratio G Anode Sensitivity H Luminous F Radiant at 253.7 nm (Hg-Line) at 632.8 nm (He-Ne Laser) at 700 nm at 852.1 nm (Cs-Line) Gain H Equivalent Anode Dark Current J Anode Dark Counts K Single Photoelectron PHD (Peak to Valley Ratio) Time Response H Anode Pulse Rise Time L Electron Transit Time M Min. Typ. Max. Unit
-- -- 300 -- -- -- -- -- 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
15 14 600 30 70 71 65 0.58 300 1.5 x 104 3.5 x 104 3.6 x 104 3.3 x 104 5 x 105 1 20 2.3 3.0 23
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 50 -- -- --
% % A/lm mA/W mA/W mA/W mA/W
A/lm A/W A/W A/W A/W -- nA s-1 -- ns ns
NOTES A For cooling operation, another ceramic socket, type number E678-21D is recommended, because the teflon socket type number E678-21C supplied with the tube is not suitable for cooling operation due to its high thermal expansion coefficient. Alternatively, it is recommended to solder a resistor, capacitor, etc. directly on stem pins using a socket contact (100-2520S) supplied by Winchester. B Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. C Measured at single photoelectron level. The discriminator level is set at valley point. D In practical operation, the cathode current should be lower than 0.1 nA to prevent shortening the life of the photocathode. E Supply voltage is 150 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes. F The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856 K. G The quotient of the cathode sensitivity measured with the light source is the same as Note E passing through a red filter (Toshiba R-68) divided by the cathode luminous sensitivity without the red filter. H Measured with supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio in Table 1. J Measured with supply voltage to provide the anode luminous sensitivity of 200 (A/lm) and the voltage distribution ratio in Table 1 after 30 minute storage in the darkness. K Measured with supply voltage that gives 2 x 106 gain and with the voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1 after one hour storage in the cooler set at -20 C. The discriminator is set at 1/3 of a single photoelectron level.
L The rise time is the time it takes the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. M The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of a delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the output pulse reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement the entire photocathode is illuminated.
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrode Distribution Ratio K 3 Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 Dy10 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P
SuppIy Voltage : 1500 V,
K : Cathode,
Dy : Dynode,
P : Anode
Replacement Information
The R943-02 is similar to the Burle C31034 series photomultiplier tube. The base and voltage divider are different.
Warning-Personal Safety Hazards Electrical Shock -- Operating voltages applied to this device present a shock hazard.
Figure 2: Typical Single Photoelectron Pulse Height Distribution
1.0
TPMHB0282EA
Figure 3: Typical Gain
108
TPMHB0283EA
COUNTS PER CHANNEL FULL SCALE (SIGNAL+DARK): 1 x 104 FULL SCALE (DARK): 1 x 103
0.8
WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT : 800 nm LOWER LEVEL DISCRIMINATION : 87 CH SIGNAL+DARK COUNTS : 5329 s-1 : 20 s-1 DARK COUNTS : -20 C TEMPERATURE
107
106 0.6
GAIN
1024
105
SIGNAL+DARK 0.4
104 0.2 DARK 0 0 512 102 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
103
CHANNEL NUMBER (CH)
CATHODE TO ANODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Time Response
102
TPMHB0045EA
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Quantum Efficiency
2
TPMHB0284EA
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (%/C)
1.5 TEMPERATURE RANGE: 10 to 40 (C) 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 300
TRANSIT TIME
TIME (ns)
101
RISE TIME
100 500
1000
1500
2000
3000
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
WAVELENGTH (nm)
Figure 6: Typical Dark Counts vs. Temperature
105
TPMHB0285EA
COOLING
104
DARK COUNTS (s-1)
103
As Figure 6 shows, the dark counts of the R943-02 decreases by cooling the tube. Therefore, when performing photon counting, it is recommended that the tube be cooled down to about -20 C. The cooler C4877 which features temperature control from -30 C to 0 C is available from HAMAMATSU.
102
101
100 -40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
TEMPERATURE (C)
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R943-02
Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm)
a)
511 X 10
Orientation of Photocathode with respect to base pin
TOP VIEW
b) PHOTOCATHODE
X Axis Cross Section
22.0 INPUT WINDOW 7.5 1.0
33
PIN 3
2
PIN 1
15
PHOTOCATHODE (10 x 10) 3.4 6.6 PHOTOCATHODE CENTER 90 2.5 PIN 14
10
PHOTOCATHODE
1.6
BOTTOM VIEW IC IC DY9 DY7 IC 9 10 11 12 13 DY5 14 P8 DY3 IC
19
Y Axis Cross Section
PHOTOCATHODE CENTER 22.0 1.6 11.5 INPUT WINDOW
15
PHOTOCATHODE HA-COATING (Conductive paint connected to the photocathode)
88 2
DY10 6 DY8 5
7
IC
IC
20 1
10.5
17.5 1.0 15 1 PHOTOCATHODE
7.5 48 3.0 4.2 18.5
DY6 4 3 2 DY4 1 DY2 K
15 16 DY1 17 IC 18 IC 19 IC 21 20
14 MAX.
LIGHT SHIELD (SILICONE)
SHORT PIN Dy: Dynode K : Photocathode P : Anode IC : Internal Connection (should not be used)
TPMHA0022EB
TPMHA0286EA
TUBE CENTER
c) SOCKET(Refer to NOTES A)
E678-21C (Supplied)
51 19
E678-21D (Sold separately)
44.5 23.5
R5
5
4
6.5
13
56.8
TACCA0066EC
REMARKS
G HA coating The R943-02 is coated with the conductive paint connected to the cathode, which is covered with an insulating material (HA coating). This method decreases noise. Care should be taken not to damage the insulating cover wrapping around the bulb.
G Use the HAMAMATSU SOCKET E678-21C or E678-21D. See "NOTES" A for cooling. G When soldering the voltage dividers to the socket, the PMT should be inserted in the socket. G Helium will permeate through the silica bulb, leading to an increase in noise. Avoid operating or storing tubes in an environment where helium is present. G As the R943-02 has a synthetic silica window, a very thin graded sealing structure is used in the bulb wall. Although it is covered with an insulating cover, extreme care should be taken in handling.
CAUTIONS
WEB SITE http://www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center 314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.de France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.se Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.it
TPMH1115E06 MAY 2003
19
TPMHA0023EB TACCA0054EB
20 1
Y
17.5 1.0

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