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LM4041 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference
February 1999
LM4041 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference
General Description
Ideal for space critical applications, the LM4041 precision voltage reference is available in the sub-miniature (3 mm x 1.3 mm) SOT-23 surface-mount package. The LM4041's advanced design eliminates the need for an external stabilizing capacitor while ensuring stability with any capacitive load, thus making the LM4041 easy to use. Further reducing design effort is the availability of a fixed (1.225V) and adjustable reverse breakdown voltage. The minimum operating current is 60 A for the LM4041-1.2 and the LM4041-ADJ. Both versions have a maximum operating current of 12 mA. The LM4041 utilizes fuse and zener-zap reverse breakdown or reference voltage trim during wafer sort to ensure that the prime parts have an accuracy of better than 0.1% (A grade) at 25C. Bandgap reference temperature drift curvature correction and low dynamic impedance ensure stable reverse breakdown voltage accuracy over a wide range of operating temperatures and currents.
Key Specifications (LM4041-1.2)
n Output voltage tolerance (A grade, 25C) n Low output noise (10 Hz to 10kHz) n Wide operating current range n Industrial temperature range n Extended temperature range n Low temperature coefficient
0.1%(max)
20Vrms 60A to 12mA -40C to +85C -40C to +125C 100 ppm/C (max)
Applications
n n n n n n n Portable, Battery-Powered Equipment Data Acquisition Systems Instrumentation Process Control Energy Management Automotive Precision Audio Components
Features
n n n n Small packages: SOT-23, and TO-92 No output capacitor required Tolerates capacitive loads Reverse breakdown voltage options of 1.225V and adjustable
Connection Diagrams
SOT-23
DS011392-1
DS011392-40
*This pin must be left floating or connected to pin 2.
Top View See NS Package Number M03B (JEDEC Registration TO-236AB) TO-92
DS011392-3
DS011392-32
Bottom View See NS Package Number Z03A
(c) 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS011392
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Ordering Information
Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance at 25C and Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient Package M3 (SOT-23) LM4041AIM3-1.2 See NS Package Number M03B Z (TO-92) LM4041AIZ-1.2 See NS Package Number Z03A LM4041BIZ-1.2 LM4041BIM3-1.2 See NS Package Number M03B See NS Package Number Z03A LM4041CIZ-1.2, LM4041CIZ-ADJ See NS Package Number Z03A LM4041DIZ-1.2, LM4041DIZ-ADJ See NS Package Number Z03A LM4041EIZ-1.2 See NS Package Number Z03A
0.1%, 100 ppm/C max (A grade)
0.2%, 100 ppm/C max (B grade)
0.5%, 100 ppm/C max (C grade)
LM4041CEM3-1.2 LM4041CIM3-1.2 LM4041CEM3-ADJ LM4041CIM3-ADJ See NS Package Number M03B
1.0%, 150 ppm/C max (D grade)
LM4041DEM3-1.2 LM4041DIM3-1.2 LM4041DEM3-ADJ LM4041DIM3-ADJ See NS Package Number M03B
2.0%, 150 ppm/C max (E grade)
LM4041EEM3-1.2 LM4041EIM3-1.2 See NS Package Number M03B
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SOT-23 Package Marking Information
Only three fields of marking are possible on the SOT-23's small surface. This table gives the meaning of the three fields. Part Marking R1A R1B R1C R1D R1E RAC RAD First Field: R = Reference Second Field: 1 = 1.225V Voltage Option A = Adjustable Third Field: A-E = Initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage or Reference Voltage Tolerance A = 0.1%, B = 0.2%, C = 0.5%, D = 1.0%, E = 2.0% Field Definition
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Reverse Current Forward Current Maximum Output Voltage (LM4041-ADJ) Power Dissipation (TA = 25C) (Note 2) M3 Package Z Package Storage Temperature Lead Temperature M3 Packages Vapor phase (60 seconds) Infrared (15 seconds) Z Package 20 mA 10 mA 15V 306 mW 550 mW -65C to +150C
Soldering (10 seconds) +260C ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (Note 3) 2 kV Machine Model (Note 3) 200V See AN-450 "Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability" for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
Operating Ratings(Notes 1, 2)
Temperature Range Industrial Temperature Range Extended Temperature Range Reverse Current LM4041-1.2 LM4041-ADJ Output Voltage Range LM4041-ADJ (Tmin TA Tmax) -40C TA +85C -40C TA +125C 60 A to 12 mA 60 A to 12 mA 1.24V to 10V
+215C +220C
LM4041-1.2 Electrical Characteristics (Industrial Temperature Range)
Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMINto TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades A and B designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerances of 0.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Typical Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 4) LM4041AIM3 LM4041AIZ Limits (Note 5) VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 6) IRMIN Minimum Operating Current 45 60 65 VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 6) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IR= 10 mA IR = 1 mA IR = 100 A IRMIN IR 1 mA 60 65 IR = 100 A IR = 100 A 1.225 LM4041BIM3 LM4041BIZ Limits (Note 5) V Units (Limit)
1.2 9.2
2.4 10.4
mV (max) mV (max) A A (max) A (max) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C mV
20 15 15
0.7
100
100
VR/IR
1.5 2.0 1 mA IR 12 mA 4.0 6.0 8.0
1.5 2.0 6.0 8.0 1.5
mV (max) mV (max) mV mV (max) mV (max) (max) Vrms
ZR eN VR
Reverse Dynamic Impedance Wideband Noise Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability
IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC= 0.1 IR IR = 100 A 10 Hz f 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100 A
0.5 1.5 20
120
ppm
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LM4041-1.2 Electrical Characteristics (Industrial Temperature Range)
Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMINto TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C, D and E designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerances of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%, respectively. LM4041EIM3 Typical Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 4) LM4041CIM3 LM4041DIM3 LM4041CIZ Limits (Note 5) VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 6) IRMIN Minimum Operating Current 45 60 65 VR/T VR Temperature Coefficient (Note 6) Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA IR= 100 A VR/IR IRMIN IR 1 mA 65 70 65 70 IR = 100 A IR = 100 A 1.225 LM4041DIZ Limits (Note 5) Limits (Note 5) V LM4041EIZ Units (Limit)
6 14
12 24
25 36
mV (max) mV (max) A A (max) A (max) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C mV
20 15 15
0.7
100
150
150
1.5 2.0 1 mA IR 12 mA 2.5 6.0 8.0
2.0 2.5 8.0 10.0
2.0 2.5 8.0 10.0
mV (max) mV (max) mV mV (max) mV (max)
ZR
Reverse Dynamic Impedance Wideband Noise Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability
IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz IAC = 0.1 IR IR = 100 A 10 Hz f 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100 A
0.5 1.5 20 2.0 2.0
(max) Vrms
eN VR
120
ppm
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LM4041-1.2 Electrical Characteristics (Extended Temperature Range)
Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMINto TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C, D and E designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5%, 1.0
and 2.0 respectively.
LM4041CEM3 LM4041DEM3 LM4041EEM3 Typical Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 4) Limits (Note 5) VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Error (Note 6) IRMIN Minimum Operating Current VR Temperature Coefficient(Note 6) IR= 10 mA IR = 1 mA IR = 100 A VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Change with Current IRMIN IR 1.0 mA 45 60 68 VR/T 65 73 65 73 IR = 100 A IR = 100 A 1.225 Limits (Note 5) Limits (Note 5) V Units (Limit)
6 18.4
12 31
25 43
mV (max) mV (max) A A (max) A (max) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C mV
20 15 15
0.7
100
150
150
1.5 2.0 1 mA IR 12 mA 2.5 6.0 8.0
2.0 2.5 8.0 10.0
2.0 2.5 8.0 10.0
mV (max) mV (max) mV mV (max) mV (max)
ZR
Reverse Dynamic Impedance Noise Voltage Long Term Stability (Non-Cumulative)
IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC= 0.1 IR IR = 100 A 10 Hz f 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100 A
0.5 1.5 20 2.0 2.0
(max) Vrms
eN VR
120
ppm
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LM4041-ADJ (Adjustable) Electrical Characteristics (Industrial Temperature Range)
Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMINto TMAX; all other limits TJ = 25C unless otherwise specified (SOT-23, see (Note 7) , IRMIN IR 12 mA, VREF VOUT 10V. The grades C and D designate initial Reference Voltage Tolerances of 0.5% and 1%, respectively for VOUT = 5V. Typical (Note 4) 1.233 LM4041CIM3 LM4041CIZ (Note 5) VREF Reference Voltage Reference Voltage Tolerance (Note 8) IRMIN Minimum Operating Current Reference Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1 mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V (Note 7) 1 mA IR 12 mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V(Note 7) VREF/VO Reference Voltage Change with Output Voltage Change IFB Feedback Current IR = 1 mA -1.55 -2.0 -2.5 60 100 120 VREF/T Average Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 8) Dynamic Output Impedance VOUT = 5V, IR = 10 mA IR = IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR VOUT = VREF VOUT = 10V eN VREF Wideband Noise Reference Voltage Long Term Stability IR = 100 A t = 1000 hrs, VOUT = VREF IR = 100 A 10 Hz f 10 kHz 120 ppm T = 25C 0.1C 0.3 2 20 Vrms 1 mA IR = 100 A 20 15 15 150 200 -2.5 -3.0 2 4 6 6 8 45 60 65 VREF/IR 0.7 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 65 70 IR = 100 A, VOUT = 5V IR = 100 A, VOUT = 5V LM4041DIM3 LM4041DIZ (Note 5) V Units (Limit)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
6.2 14
12 24
mV (max) mV (max) A A (max) A (max) mV mV (max) mV (max) mV mV (max) mV (max) mV/V mV/V (max) mV/V (max) nA nA (max) nA (max) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C
100
150
ZOUT
7
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LM4041-ADJ (Adjustable) Electrical Characteristics (Extended Temperature Range)
Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMINto TMAX; all other limits TJ = 25C unless otherwise specified (SOT-23, see (Note 7) , IRMIN IR 12 mA, VREF VOUT 10V. The grades C and D designate initial Reference Voltage Tolerances of 0.5% and 1%, respectively for VOUT = 5V. Typical LM4041CEM3 LM4041DEM3 (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) 1.233 Units (Limit) V
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
VREF
Reference Voltage Reference Voltage Tolerance (Note 8)
IR = 100 A, VOUT = 5V IR = 100 A, VOUT = 5V
6.2 18
45 60 68
12 30
65 73 2.0 2.5 10 8 -2.5 -4.0 150 200
mV (max) mV (max) A A (max) A (max) mV mV (max) mV (max) mV mV (max) mV (max) mV/V mV/V (max) mV/V (max) nA nA (max) nA (max) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C
IRMIN
Minimum Operating Current Reference Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1 mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V (Note 7) 1 mA IR 12 mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V(Note 7)
VREF/IR
0.7 1.5 2.0 2 8 6
VREF/VO Reference Voltage Change with Output Voltage Change IFB Feedback Current
IR = 1 mA
-1.55 -2.0 -3.0 60 100 120
VREF/T
Average Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 8) Dynamic Output Impedance
VOUT = 5V,
IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA IR = 100 A
20 15 15
100
150
ZOUT
IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR VOUT = VREF VOUT = 10V 0.3 2 20 120 Vrms ppm
eN VREF
Wideband Noise Reference Voltage Long Term Stability
IR = 100 A t = 1000 hrs,
VOUT = VREF IR = 100 A
10 Hz f 10 kHz T = 25C 0.1C
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), JA (junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDmax = (TJmax - TA)/JA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4041, TJmax = 125C, and the typical thermal resistance (JA), when board mounted, is 326C/W for the SOT-23 package, and 180C/W with 0.4" lead length and 170C/W with 0.125" lead length for the TO-92 package. Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Note 4: Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 5: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's AOQL. Note 6: The boldface (over-temperature) limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VRT)(max T)(VR)]. Where, VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, maxT is the maximum difference in temperature from the reference point of 25 C to T MAX or TMIN, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over-temperature tolerance for the different grades in the industrial temperature range where maxT=65C is shown below:
A-grade: B-grade: C-grade: D-grade: E-grade: B-grade: C-grade: D-grade: E-grade:
0.75% = 0.85% = 1.15% = 1.98% = 2.98% = 1.2% = 1.5% = 2.5% = 4.5% =
0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 2.0%
100 ppm/C x 65C 100 ppm/C x 65C 100 ppm/C x 65C 150 ppm/C x 65C 150 ppm/C x 65C
The total over-temperature tolerance for the different grades in the extended temperature range where max T = 100 C is shown below:
0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 2.0%
100 ppm/C x 100C 100 ppm/C x 100C 150 ppm/C x 100C 150 ppm/C x 100C
Therefore, as an example, the A-grade LM4041-1.2 has an over-temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 1.2V x 0.75% = 9.2 mV. Note 7: When VOUT 1.6V, the LM4041-ADJ in the SOT-23 package must operate at reduced IR. This is caused by the series resistance of the die attach between the die (-) output and the package (-) output pin. See the Output Saturation (SOT-23 only) curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Note 8: Reference voltage and temperature coefficient will change with output voltage. See Typical Performance Characteristics curves.
Typical Performance Characteristics
Temperature Drift for Different Average Temperature Coefficient Output Impedance vs Frequency
DS011392-19
DS011392-4
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Noise Voltage
(Continued) Reverse Characteristics and Minimum Operating Current
DS011392-5
DS011392-9
Start-Up Characteristics
DS011392-8
DS011392-7
Reference Voltage vs Output Voltage and Temperature
Reference Voltage vs Temperature and Output Voltage
DS011392-11
DS011392-10
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Feedback Current vs Output Voltage and Temperature
(Continued) Output Saturation (SOT-23 Only)
DS011392-12
DS011392-33
Output Impedance vs Frequency
Output Impedance vs Frequency
DS011392-13
DS011392-14
Reverse Characteristics
DS011392-16
DS011392-15
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Large Signal Response
(Continued)
DS011392-18
DS011392-17
Functional Block Diagram
DS011392-21
*LM4041-ADJ only **LM4041-1.2 only
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Applications Information
The LM4041 is a precision micro-power curvature-corrected bandgap shunt voltage reference. For space critical applications, the LM4041 is available in the sub-miniature SOT-23 surface-mount package. The LM4041 has been designed for stable operation without the need of an external capacitor connected between the "+" pin and the "-" pin. If, however, a bypass capacitor is used, the LM4041 remains stable. Design effort is further reduced with the choice of either a fixed 1.2V or an adjustable reverse breakdown voltage. The minimum operating current is 60 A for the LM4041-1.2 and the LM4041-ADJ. Both versions have a maximum operating current of 12 mA. LM4041s using the SOT-23 package have pin 3 connected as the (-) output through the package's die attach interface. Therefore, the LM4041-1.2's pin 3 must be left floating or connected to pin 2 and the LM4041-ADJ's pin 3 is the (-) output. In a conventional shunt regulator application (Figure 1), an external series resistor (RS) is connected between the supply voltage and the LM4041. RS determines the current that flows through the load (IL) and the LM4041 (IQ). Since load current and supply voltage may vary, RS should be small enough to supply at least the minimum acceptable IQ to the LM4041 even when the supply voltage is at its minimum and the load current is at its maximum value. When the supply voltage is at its maximum and IL is at its minimum, RS should be large enough so that the current flowing through the LM4041 is less than 12 mA. RS should be selected based on the supply voltage, (VS), the desired load and operating current, (IL and IQ), and the LM4041's reverse breakdown voltage, VR. VREF = VO (VREF/VO) + VY where VY = 1.240 V and VO = (VO - VY) VREF/VO is found in the Electrical Characteristics and is typically -1.55 mV/V. You can get a more accurate indication of the output voltage by replacing the value of VREF in equation (1) with the value found using equation (2). Note that the actual output voltage can deviate from that predicted using the typical value of VREF/VO in equation (2): for C-grade parts, the worst-case VREF/VO is -2.5 mV/V. For D-grade parts, the worst-case VREF/VO is -3.0 mV/V. (2)
Typical Applications
DS011392-22
FIGURE 1. Shunt Regulator
The LM4041-ADJ's output voltage can be adjusted to any value in the range of 1.24V through 10V. It is a function of the internal reference voltage (VREF) and the ratio of the external feedback resistors as shown in Figure 2 . The output voltage is found using the equation VO = VREF[(R2/R1) + 1] (1) where VO is the output voltage. The actual value of the internal VREF is a function of VO. The "corrected" VREF is determined by
DS011392-34
VO = VREF[(R2/R1) + 1] FIGURE 2. Adjustable Shunt Regulator
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Typical Applications
(Continued)
DS011392-24
FIGURE 3. Bounded amplifier reduces saturation-induced delays and can prevent succeeding stage damage. Nominal clamping voltage is VO (LM4041's reverse breakdown voltage) +2 diode VF.
DS011392-20
DS011392-23
FIGURE 4. Voltage Level Detector
FIGURE 5. Voltage Level Detector
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Typical Applications
(Continued)
DS011392-35
DS011392-25
FIGURE 8. Bidirectional Adjustable Clamp 18V to 2.4V
FIGURE 6. Fast Positive Clamp 2.4V + VD1
DS011392-26
FIGURE 7. Bidirectional Clamp 2.4V
DS011392-36
FIGURE 9. Bidirectional Adjustable Clamp 2.4V to 6V
DS011392-37
FIGURE 10. Simple Floating Current Detector
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Typical Applications
(Continued)
DS011392-38
FIGURE 11. Current Source
Note 9: *D1 can be any LED, VF = 1.5V to 2.2V at 3 mA. D1 may act as an indicator. D1 will be on if ITHRESHOLDfalls below the threshold current, except with I = O.
DS011392-39
FIGURE 12. Precision Floating Current Detector
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Typical Applications
(Continued)
DS011392-28
DS011392-29
FIGURE 13. Precision 1 A to 1 mA Current Sources
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Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Plastic Surface Mount Package (M3) NS Package Number M03B (JEDEC Registration TO-236AB)
Plastic Package (Z) NS Package Number Z03A
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LM4041 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 2. A critical component is any component of a life support 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or sysdevice or system whose failure to perform can be reatems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into sonably expected to cause the failure of the life support the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose faildevice or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. ure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

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