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| Preliminary bq2060 SBS v1.1-Compliant Gas Gauge IC Features (R) Provides accurate measurement of available charge in NiCd, NiMH, Li-Ion, and Lead Acid batteries (R) Supports SBS Smart Battery Data Specification v1.1 (R) Supports the two wire SMBus v1.1 interface with PEC or 1-wire HDQ16 (R) Reports individual cell voltages (R) Monitors and provides control to charge and discharge FETs in Li-Ion protection circuit (R) Provides 15-bit resolution for voltage, temperature, and current measurements (R) Measures charge flow using a Vto-F converter with offset of less than 25V after calibration (R) Consumes less than 0.5mW operating (R) Drives a four or five-segment LED display for remaining capacity indication (R) 28-pin 150-mil SSOP General Description The bq2060 SBS-Compliant Gas Gauge IC is intended for battery pack or in-system installation to maintain an accurate record of available charge in rechargeable batteries. The bq2060 monitors capacity and other critical battery parameters for NiCd, NiMH, Li-Ion, and Lead Acid chemistries. The bq2060 uses a V-to-F converter with automatic offset correction for charge and discharge counting. For voltage, temperature, and current reporting, the bq2060 uses an A-to-D converter. The onboard ADC also monitors individual cell voltages in a Li-Ion battery pack and allows the bq2060 to generate control signals that may be used in conjunction with a pack supervisor to enhance pack safety. The bq2060 supports the Smart Battery Data (SBData) commands and charge-control functions. It communicates data using the System Management Bus (SMBus) 2-wire protocol or the Unitrode 1-wire HDQ16 protocol. The data available include the battery's remaining capacity, temperature, voltage, current, and remaining run-time predictions. The bq2060 pro- vides LED drivers and a push-button input to depict remaining battery capacity from full to empty in 20% or 25% increments with a 4 or 5-segment display. The bq2060 works with an external EEPROM. The EEPROM stores the configuration information for the bq2060, such as the battery's chemistry, self-discharge rate, rate compensation factors, measurement calibration, and design voltage and capacity. The bq2060 uses the programmable self-discharge rate and other compensation factors stored in the EEPROM to accurately adjust remaining capacity for use and standby conditions based on time, rate, and temperature. The bq2060 also automatically calibrates or "learns" the true battery capacity in the course of a discharge cycle from a programmable level of full to empty. The bq2060 may operate directly from a single lithium or three-series nickel cells. The REG output can be used to regulate the operating voltage from other battery pack configurations using an external JFET. Pin Connections HDQ16 ESCL ESDA RBI REG VOUT VCC VSS DISP LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 SMBC SMBD VCELL4 VCELL3 VCELL2 VCELL1 SR1 SR2 SRC TS THON CVON CFC DFC Pin Names HDQ16 Serial communicaton input/output ESCL ESDA RBI REG VOUT VCC VSS DISP Serial memory clock Serial memory data and address Register backup input Regulator output EEPROM supply output Supply voltage Ground Display control input LED display segment outputs DFC CFC CVON THON TS SRC SR1- SR2 Discharge FET control Charge FET control Cell voltage divider control Thermistor bias control Thermistor voltage input Current sense input Charge-flow sense resistor inputs VCELL1-Single-cell voltage inputs VCELL4 SMBD SMBC SMBus data SMBus clock 28-Pin 150-mil SSOP 28PN2060.eps LED1- LED5 SLUS035-JANUARY 2000 1 bq2060 Preliminary Pin Descriptions HDQ16 Serial communication input/output Open-drain bi-directional communications port. ESCL Serial memory clock Output to clock the data transfer between the bq2060 and the external nonvolatile configuration memory. ESDA Serial memory data and address Bi-directional pin used to transfer address and data to and from the bq2060 and the external nonvolatile configuration memory. RBI Register backup input Input that provides backup potential to the bq2060 registers during periods of low operating voltage. RBI accepts a storage capacitor or a battery input. REG Regulator output Output to control an n-JFET for VCC regulation to the bq2060 from the battery potential. VOUT Supply output Output that supplies power to the external EEPROM configuration memory. VCC VSS DISP Supply voltage input Ground Display control input Input that controls the LED drivers LED1-LED5 LED1- LED5 LED display segment outputs Outputs that each may drive an external LED. SMBC SMBD VCELL1- VCELL4 TS THON CVON CFC DFC Discharge FET control output Output to control the discharge FET in the Li-Ion pack protection circuitry. Charge FET control output Output to control the charge FET in the Li-Ion pack protection circuitry. Cell voltage divider control output Output control for external FETs to connect the cells to the external voltage dividers during cell voltage measurements. Thermistor bias control output Output control for external FETs to connect the thermistor bias resistor during a temperature measurement. Thermistor voltage input Input connection for a thermistor to monitor temperature. SRC Current sense voltage input Input to monitor instantaneous current. SR1- SR2 Sense resistor inputs Input connections for a small value sense resistor to monitor the battery charge and discharge current flow. Single-cell voltage inputs Inputs that monitor the series element cell voltages. SMBus data Open-drain bi-directional pin used to transfer address and data to and from the bq2060. SMBus clock Open drain bi-directional pin used to clock the data transfer to and from the bq2060. 2 Preliminary bq2060 Functional Description General Operation The bq2060 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input or removed from a rechargeable battery. In addition to measuring charge and discharge, the bq2060 measures battery voltage, temperature, and current, estimates battery self-discharge, and monitors the battery for low-voltage thresholds. The bq2060 measures charge and discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series sense resistor between the battery's negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The available battery charge is determined by monitoring this voltage over time and correcting the measurement for environmental and operating conditions. Figure 1 shows a typical bq2060-based battery pack application. The circuit consists of the LED display, voltage and temperature measurement networks, EEPROM connections, serial port, and the sense resistor. The EEPROM stores basic battery pack configuration information and measurement calibration values. The EEPROM must be programmed properly for bq2060 operation. Table 8 shows the EEPROM memory map and outlines the programmable functions available in the bq2060. The bq2060 accepts an NTC thermistor (Semitec 103AT) for temperature measurement. The bq2060 uses the thermistor temperature to monitor battery pack temperature, detect a battery full charge condition, and compensate for self-discharge and charge/discharge battery efficiencies. Offset Calibration The bq2060 provides an auto-calibration feature to cancel the voltage offset across SR1 and SR2 for maximum charge measurement accuracy. The calibration routine is initiated by issuing a command to ManufacturerAccess(). The bq2060 is capable of automatic offset calibration down to 6.25V. Offset cancellation resolution is less than 1V. Digital Filter The bq2060 does not integrate charge or discharge counts below the digital filter threshold. The digital filter threshold is programmed in the EEPROM and should be set sufficiently high to prevent false signal detection with no charge or discharge flowing through the sense resistor because of offset. Voltage In conjunction with monitoring SR1 and SR2 for charge and discharge currents, the bq2060 monitors the battery pack potential and the individual cell voltages through the VCELL1-VCELL4 pins. The bq2060 measures the pack voltage and reports the result in Voltage(). The bq2060 can also measure the voltage of up to four series elements in a battery pack. The individual cell voltages are stored in the optional Manufacturer Function area. The bq2060 converts the signals at the VCELL1-VCELL4 inputs every 2 seconds. The VCELL1-VCELL4 inputs are divided down from the cells using precision resistors, as shown in Figure 1. The maximum input for VCELL1-VCELL4 is 1.25V with respect to VSS. The voltage dividers for the inputs must be set so that the voltages at the inputs do not exceed the 1.25V limit under all operating conditions. Also, the divider ratios on VCELL1-VCELL2 must be half of that of VCELL3-VCELL4. To reduce current consumption from the battery, the CVON output may used to connect the divider to the cells only during measurement period. CVON is high impedance for 250ms (12.5% duty cycle) when the cells are measured, and driven low otherwise. See Table 1. Measurements The bq2060 uses a fully differential, dynamically balanced voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) for charge measurement and a sigma delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for battery voltage, current, and temperature measurement. Charge and Discharge Counting The VFC measures the charge and discharge flow of the battery by monitoring a small-value sense resistor between the SR1 and SR2 pins as shown in Figure 1. The VFC measures bipolar signals up to 300mV in magnitude. The bq2060 detects "charge" activity when VSR = VSR2 - VSR1 is positive and a "discharge" activity when VSR = VSR2 - VSR1 is negative. The bq2060 continuously integrates the signal over time using an internal counter. The fundamental rate of the counter is 6.25Vh. Table 1. Example VCELL1-VCELL4 Divider and Input Range Voltage Input VCELL4 VCELL3 VCELL2 VCELL1 Voltage Division Ratio 16 16 8 8 Full-Scale Input (V) 20.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 3 bq2060 Preliminary VCC LED1 REG LED2 LED3 LED4 VCC CVON VCELL4 PACK+ SST113 LED5 VCC To Pack Protection Circuitry CFC DFC DISP VCELL3 VCELL2 bq2060 A0 VCC VOUT A1 EEPROM A2 WP VSS SDA VCC THON ESDA SCL ESCL VCELL1 RBI SRC SR2 RS SR1 SMBC PACKSMBC TS Thermistor VSS SMBD SMBD HDQ16 HDQ FG206001.eps Figure 1. Battery Pack Application Diagram-LED Display and Series Cell Monitoring 4 Preliminary bq2060 when the temperature is measured, and driven low otherwise. Table 2. SRC Input Range Sense Resistor () 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.10 Current() 1 LSB Accuracy (mA) 30.5 20.4 12.2 6.1 Full-Scale Input (A) 15.0 10.0 6.0 3.0 Gas Gauge Operation General The operational overview in Figure 2 illustrates the gas gauge operation of the bq2060. Table 3 describes the bq2060 registers. The bq2060 accumulates a measure of charge and discharge currents and estimates self-discharge of the battery. The bq2060 compensates the charge current measurement for temperature and state-of-charge of the battery. The bq2060 also adjusts the self-discharge estimation based on temperature. The main counter RemainingCapacity() (RM) represents the available capacity or energy in the battery at any given time. The bq2060 adjusts RM for charge, self-discharge, and leakage compensation factors. The information in the RM register is accessible through the communications ports and is also represented through the LED display. The FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) register represents the last measured full discharge of the battery. It is used as the battery's full-charge reference for relative capacity indication. The bq2060 updates FCC when the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. FCC is accessible through the serial communications ports. Discharge Current Self-Discharge Timer Current The SRC input of the bq2060 measures battery charge and discharge current. The SRC ADC input converts the current signal from the series sense resistor every 2 seconds and stores the result in Current(). The full-scale input range to SBC is limited to 300mV as shown in Table 2. Temperature The TS input of the bq2060 in conjunction with an NTC thermistor measure the battery temperature as shown in Figure 1. The bq2060 reports temperature in Temperature(). THON may be used to connect the bias source to the thermistor when the bq2060 samples the TS input every 2s. THON is high impedance for 60ms Inputs Charge Current State-of-charge and Temperature Compensation Leakage Compensation Temperature Compensation Main Counters and Capacity Reference (FCC) - + + + Remaining Capacity (RM) < Full Charge Capacity (FCC) Discharge Count Qualified Register Transfer (DCR) Temperature, Other Data Outputs Chip-Controlled Two-Wire Available Charge Serial Interface LED Display FG294502.eps Figure 2. Operational Overview 5 bq2060 Preliminary Table 3. bq2060 Register Functions Function ManufacturerAccess RemainingCapacityAlarm RemainingTimeAlarm BatteryMode AtRate AtRateTimeToFull AtRateTimeToEmpty AtRateOK Temperature Voltage Current AverageCurrent MaxError RelativeStateOfCharge AbsoluteStateOfCharge RemainingCapacity FullChargeCapacity RunTimeToEmpty AverageTimeToEmpty AverageTimeToFull ChargingCurrent ChargingVoltage Battery Status CycleCount DesignCapacity DesignVoltage SpecificationInfo ManufactureDate SerialNumber Reserved ManufacturerName DeviceName DeviceChemistry ManufacturerData Pack Status Pack Configuration VCELL4 VCELL3 VCELL2 VCELL1 Command Code SMBus HDQ16 0x00 0x00 0x01 0x01 0x02 0x02 0x03 0x03 0x04 0x04 0x05 0x05 0x06 0x06 0x07 0x07 0x08 0x08 0x09 0x09 0x0a 0x0a 0x0b 0x0b 0x0c 0x0c 0x0d 0x0d 0x0e 0x0e 0x0f 0x0f 0x10 0x10 0x11 0x11 0x12 0x12 0x13 0x13 0x14 0x14 0x15 0x15 0x16 0x16 0x17 0x17 0x18 0x18 0x19 0x19 0x1a 0x1a 0x1b 0x1b 0x1c 0x1c 0x1d-0x1f 0x1d - 0x1f 0x20 0x20-0x25 0x21 0x28-0x2b 0x22 0x30-0x32 0x23 0x38-0x3b 0x2f (LSB) 0x2f (LSB) 0x2f (MSB) 0x2f (MSB) 0x3c 0x3c 0x3d 0x3d 0x3e 0x3e 0x3f 0x3f Access read/write read/write read/write read/write read/write read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read read/write read/write read/write read/write read/write read/write Units n/a mAh, 10mWh minutes n/a mA, 10mW minutes minutes Boolean 0.1K mV mA mA percent percent percent mAh, 10mWh mAh, 10mWh minutes minutes minutes mA mV n/a cycles mAh, 10mWh mV n/a n/a integer string string string string n/a n/a mV mV mV mV 6 Preliminary bq2060 The Discharge Count Register (DCR) is a non-accessible register that only tracks discharge of the battery. The bq2060 uses the DCR register to update the FCC register if the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. In this way, the bq2060 learns the true discharge capacity of the battery under system use conditions. Capacity Learning (FCC Update) and Qualified Discharge The bq2060 updates FCC with an amount based on the value in DCR if a qualified discharge occurs. The new value for FCC equals the DCR value plus the programmable nearly full and low battery levels, according to the following equation. (1) Main Gas Gauge Registers RemainingCapacity() (RM) RM represents the remaining capacity in the battery. The bq2060 computes RM in either mAh or 10mWh depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2060 sets RM to 0. RM counts up during charge to a maximum value of FCC and down during discharge and self-discharge to 0. In addition to charge and self-discharge compensation, the bq2060 calibrates RM at three different low battery voltage thresholds, EDV2, EDV1, and EDV0 and three programmable mid-range thresholds VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. This provides a voltage-based calibration to the RM counter. FCC (New) = DCR + (FCC * Battery Low%) where Battery Low % = value stored in EE 0x54 A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM FCC - Near Full * 2 to the EDV2 voltage threshold with the following conditions: n No valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as an input of 10mAh into the battery. No more than 256mAh of self-discharge and/or light discharge estimation occurs during the discharge period. The temperature does not drop below 5C during the discharge period. The battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold during the discharge period and the voltage was greater than the EDV2 threshold minus 256mV when the bq2060 detected EDV2. n DesignCapacity() (DC) The DC is the user-specified battery full capacity. It is calculated from Pack Capacity EE 0x3a-0x3b and is represented in mAh or 10mWh. It also represents the full-battery reference for the absolute display mode. n n FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) FCC is the last measured discharge capacity of the battery. It is represented in either mAh or 10mWh depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2060 sets FCC to the value stored in Last Measured Discharge EE 0x38-0x39. During subsequent discharges, the bq2060 updates FCC with the last measured discharge capacity of the battery. The last measured discharge of the battery is based on the value in the DCR register after a qualified discharge occurs. Once updated, the bq2060 writes the new FCC value to EEPROM in mAh to Last Measured Discharge. FCC represents the full battery reference for the relative display mode and relative state of charge calculations. FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256mAh or increased by more than 512mAh during any single update cycle. The bq2060 saves the new FCC value to the EEPROM within 2s of being updated. End-of-Discharge Thresholds and Capacity Correction The bq2060 monitors the battery for three compensated low-voltage thresholds, EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. The EDV thresholds are programmed in EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73, EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74-0x75, and EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78-0x79. If the CEDV bit in Pack Configuration is set, automatic EDV compensation is enabled and the bq2060 computes the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds based on the values in EE 0x72-0x7d, 0x06, and the battery's current discharge rate, temperature, capacity, and cycle count. The bq2060 disables EDV detection if Current() exceeds the Overload Current threshold programmed in EE 0x46 - EE 0x47. The bq2060 resumes EDV threshold detection after Current() drops below the overload current threshold. The bq2060 uses the thresholds to apply voltage-based corrections to the RM register according to Table 4. Discharge Count Register (DCR) The DCR register counts up during discharge, independent of RM. DCR can continue to count even after RM has counted down to 0. Prior to RM = 0, discharge activity, light discharge estimation and self-discharge increment DCR. After RM = 0, only discharge activity increments DCR. The bq2060 initializes DCR to FCC - RM when RM is within twice the programmed value in Near Full EE 0x55. DCR stops counting when the battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold on discharge. 7 bq2060 Preliminary Table 4. State of Charge Based on Low Battery Voltage Threshold EDV0 EDV1 EDV2 State of Charge in RM 0% 3% Battery Low % The bq2060 applies mid range capacity corrections when the VCOR bit is set in Pack Configuration. The bq2060 adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three different voltage levels VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. The VOC values represent the open circuit battery voltage at which RM corresponds to the associated state of charge for each threshold. Threshold VOC25 VOC50 VOC75 Associated State of Charge 25% 50% 75% The bq2060 adjusts RM as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the corresponding capacity on discharge, the bq2060 reduces RM to the appropriate amount as shown in Table 4. If RM reaches the capacity level before the voltage threshold is reached on discharge, the bq2060 prevents RM from decreasing until the battery voltage reaches the corresponding threshold. Light Discharge or Suspend Current Compensation The bq2060 can be configured in two ways to compensate for small discharge currents that produce a signal below the digital filter. First, the bq2060 can decrement RM and DCR at a rate determined by the value stored in Light Discharge Current EE 0x2b when it detects no discharge activity and the SMBC and SMBD lines are high. Light Discharge Current has a range of 44A to 11.2mA. Alternatively, the bq2060 can be configured to disable the digital filter for discharge when the SMBC and SMBD lines are high. In this way, the digital filter will not mask the leakage current signal. The bq2060 is configured in this mode by setting the NDF bit in Control Mode. For the mid range corrections to occur the temperature must be in the range of 19C to 31C inclusive and the discharge Current() and AverageCurrent() are 64mA. The bq2060 makes mid range corrections as shown in Table 5. Charge Control Charging Voltage and Current Broadcasts The bq2060 supports SBS charge control by broadcasting the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to the Smart Charger address. The bq2060 broadcasts the requests every 10s. The bq2060 updates the values used in the charging current and voltage broadcasts based on the battery's state of charge, voltage, and temperature. The fast-charge rate is programmed in Fast-Charging Current EE 0x1a - 0x1b while the charge voltage is programmed in Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b. The bq2060 internal charge control is compatible with popular rechargeable chemistries. The primary charge-termination techniques include a change in temperature over a change in time (T/t) and current taper, for nickel-based and Li-Ion chemistries, respec- Mid Range Capacity Corrections Table 5. Mid Range Corrections Condition VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() 63% < VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() 87% Voltage() VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge() 38% Preliminary bq2060 Table 6. Relative Display Mode Condition Relative StateOfCharge() Voltage() Table 7. Absolute Display Mode Condition Absolute StateOfCharge() Voltage() 4 LED Display LED1 OFF ON ON ON ON LED2 OFF OFF ON ON ON LED3 OFF OFF OFF ON ON LED4 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON 4 LED Display LED1 OFF ON ON ON ON LED2 OFF OFF ON ON ON LED3 OFF OFF OFF ON ON LED4 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON tively. The bq2060 also provides pre-charge qualification and a number of safety charge suspensions based on current, voltage, temperature, and state of charge. Charge Suspension The bq2060 may temporarily suspend charge if it detects a charging fault. A charging fault includes the following conditions. n Alarm Broadcasts to Smart Charger and Host If any of the bits 8-15 in BatteryStatus() is set, the bq2060 broadcasts an AlarmWarning() message to the Host address. If any of the bits 12-15 in BatteryStatus() are set, the bq2060 also sends an AlarmWarning() message to the Smart Charger address. The bq2060 repeats the AlarmWarning() message every 10s until the bits are cleared. Pre-Charge Qualification The bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() to the pre-charge rate as programmed in Pre-Charge Current EE 0x1e-0x1f under the following conditions: n Overcurrent: An overcurrent condition exists when the bq2060 measures the charge current to be more than the Overcurrent Margin above the ChargingCurrent(). Overcurrent Margin is programmed in EE 0x49. On detecting an overcurrent condition, the bq2060 sets the ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in Battery Status(). The overcurrent condition and TERMINATE_ CHARGE_ALARM are cleared when the measured current drops below the ChargingCurrent plus the Overcurrent Margin. Overvoltage: An overvoltage condition exists when the bq2060 measures the battery voltage to be more than the Overvoltage Margin above the ChargingVoltage() or a Li-Ion cell voltage has exceeded the overvoltage limit programmed in Cell Under/Over Voltage. Overvoltage Margin is programmed in EE 0x48 and Cell Under/Over Voltage in EE 0x4a (LSN). On detecting an overvoltage condition, the bq2060 sets the ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in BatteryStatus(). The bq2060 clears the TERMINATE_ CHARGE_ALARM bit when it detects that the battery is no longer being charged (DISCHARGING n Voltage: The bq2060 requests the pre-charge charge rate when Voltage() is below the EDV0 threshold (fixed EDVs) or the EDVF threshold (dynamic EDVs) as programmed in EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73. Temperature: The bq2060 requests the pre-charge rate when Temperature() is between 0C and 5C. Temperature() must rise above 5C before the bq2060 requests the fast-charge rate. n 9 bq2060 Preliminary bit set in BatteryStatus()). The bq2060 continues to broadcast zero charging current until the overvoltage condition is cleared. The overvoltage condition is cleared when the measured battery voltage drops below the ChargingVoltage() plus the Overvoltage Margin or when the CVOV bit is reset. n Current() drops below 256mA or Temperature() below 25C, the hold-off timer resets and restarts only when the current and temperature conditions are met again. The hold-off timer is programmable (20s - 320s) with Holdoff Time value in EE 0x4f. n Over-Temperature: An over-temperature condition exists when Temperature() exceeds the Max T value programmed in EE 0x45 (MSN). On detecting an over-temperature condition, the bq2060 sets the ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the OVER_TEMP_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM bit in BatteryStatus() and the CVOV bit in Pack Status. The over-temperature condition is cleared when Temperature() drops 5 degrees C below the Max T value or 43C. Overcharge: An overcharge condition exists if the battery is charged more than the Maxmum Overcharge value after RM = FCC. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in EE 0x2e-0x2f. On detecting an overcharge condition, the bq2060 sets the ChargingCurrent() to zero and sets the OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM, and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus(). The bq2060 clears the OVER_ CHARGED_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM when it detects that the battery is no longer being charged. The FULLY_CHARGED bit remains set and the bq2060 continues to broadcast zero charging current until RelativeState- ofCharge() is less than Fully Charged Clear% programmed in EE 0x4c. Under-Temperature: An under-temperature condition exists if Temperature() < 0C. On detecting an under temperature condition, the bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() to zero. The bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() to the appropriate pre-charge rate or fast-charge rate when Temperature() 0C. Current Taper: For current taper, ChargingVoltage() must be set to the pack voltage desired during the constant-voltage phase of charging. The bq2060 detects a current taper termination when the pack voltage is greater than the voltage determined by Current Taper Qual Voltage in EE 0x4f and the charging current is below a threshold determined by Current Taper Threshold in EE 0x4e, for at least 40s. The bq2060 uses the VFC to measure current for current taper termination. The current polarity must remain positive as measured by the VFC during this time period. n n Primary Charge Termination T h e b q 2 060 t e r m in at e s ch arge if it d etects a charge-termination condition. A charge-termination condition includes the following. n Once the bq2060 detects a primary charge termination, the bq2060 sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus(), and sets the ChargingCurrent() to the maintenance charge rate as programmed in Maintenance Charging Current EE 0x1c-0x1d. On termination, the bq2060 also sets RM to a programmed percentage of FCC, provided that RelativeStateOfCharge() is below the desired percentage of FCC and the CSYNC bit in Pack Configuration EE 0 x 3 f i s set. I f the CSYNC b i t i s not set a nd RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than the programmed percenta g e of F CC, the b q 2 0 6 0 cl ea rs the FULLY_CHARGED bit in BatteryStatus(). The programmed percentage of FCC, Fast Charge Termination %, i s set i n EE 0 x 4 b. T he b q 2 0 6 0 cl ea rs the FULLY_CHARGED bit when RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than the programmed Fully Charged Clear %. The bq2060 broadcasts the fast-charge rate when the FULLY_CHARGED bit is cleared and voltage and temperature permit. The bq2060 clears the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM when it no longer detects that the battery is being charged or it no longer detects the termination condition. See Table 8 for a summary of BatteryStatus() alarm and status bit operation. Display Port General The display port drives a 4 or 5 LED bar-graph display. The display is activated by a logic signal on the DISP input. The bq2060 can display RM in either a relative or absolute mode with each LED representing a percentage of the full-battery reference. In relative mode, the bq2060 uses FCC as the full-battery reference; in absolute mode, it uses DC. The DMODE bit in Pack Configuration programs the bq2060 for the absolute or relative display mode. The LED bit in Control Mode programs the 4 or 5 LED option. A 5th LED can be used with the 4 LED display option to show when the battery capacity is equal to 100%. T/t: For T/t, the bq2060 detects a change in temperature over many seconds. The T/t setting is programmable in both the temperature step, DeltaT (1.6C - 4.6C), and the time step, DeltaT Time (20s-320s). Typical settings for 1C/minute include 2C/120s and 3C/180s. Longer times are required for increased slope resolution. The DeltaT value is programmed in EE 0x45 (LSN) and the Delta T Time in EE 0x4e. In addition to the T/t timer, a hold-off timer starts when the battery is being charged at more than 255mA and the temperature is above 25C. Until this timer expires, T/t detection is suspended. If 10 Preliminary bq2060 Table 8. Alarm and Status Bit Summary CC() State and BatteryStatus Bits Set CC() = 0, TCA = 1 TCA = 1 CC() = 0, CVOV = 1 CC() = 0, OTA = 1, TCA = 1, CVOV = 1 CC() = 0, FC = 1 OCA = 1, TCA = 1 CC() = 0 CC() = 0, FC = 1 Fast charge termination Fully discharged Overdischarged T/t or Current Taper V() < EDV2 V() < EDV0 Li-Ion cell voltage < Cell Under/Over Voltage TCA = 1 FD = 1 TDA = 1, CVUV = 1 CC() = Fast or Pre-charge Current and Bits Cleared Charging current < CC() + Overcurrent Margin DISCHARGING = 1 Battery voltage < V() + Overvoltage Margin Li-Ion cell voltage < Cell Under/Over Voltage T() < Max T - 5C or T() < 43C RSOC() < Fully Charged Cleared % DISCHARGING = 1 0C () < 5C, CC = Pre-Charge Current T() > 5C, CC = Fast-Charging Current RSOC() < Fully Charged Cleared % DISCHARGING = 1 or termination condition subsides RSOC() > 20% V() > EDV0 Li-Ion cell voltage > Cell Under/Over Voltage Battery State Overcurrent Conditions Charging current > CC() + Overcurrent Margin Battery voltage > V() + Overvoltage Margin Li-Ion cell voltage > Cell Under/Over Voltage T() > Max T Battery charge > FCC + Maximum Overcharge Overvoltage Overtemperature Overcharge Undertemperature T() < 0C Note: CC() = ChargingCurrent(), V() = Voltage(), T() = Temperature(), TCA = TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM, OTA = OVER_TEMPERATURE_ALARM, OCA = OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TDA = TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM, FC = FULLY_CHARGED, FD = FULLY_DISCHARGED. Activation The display may be activated at any time by a high-to-low transition on the DISP input. This is usually accomplished with a pull-up resistor and a pushbutton switch. Detection of the transition activates the display and starts a display timer that advances for four seconds. The timer expires and turns off the display whether DISP was brought low momentarily or held low indefinitely. Reactivation of the display requires that the DISP input return to a logic-high state and then transition low again. The second high-to-low transition must occur after the display timer expires. The bq2060 requires the DISP input to remain stable for a minimum of 250ms to detect the logic state. If Voltage() is less than the EDV0 threshold, the bq2060 disables the LED display. Display Modes In relative mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the RelativeStateOfCharge() value. Table 4 shows the relative display operation. In absolute mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the AbsoluteStateOfCharge() value. Table 5 shows the absolute display operation. In either mode, the bq2060 blinks the LED display if Rem a i ni ng Ca pa ci ty () i s l ess tha n Rem a i ni ng CapacityAlarm(). Unless noted, Voltage() is greater than the EDV0 threshold. 11 bq2060 Preliminary 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 1 0 1 A 8 Command Code Write Word 1 A 8 Data byte low 1 A 8 Data byte high 1 A 1 P 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 8 1 0 1 A 1 A 8 Command Code 8 Data byte high Read Word 1 A 1 A 1 S 7 Battery Address 1 1 1 A Data byte low P Host Processor 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 8 1 A 1 0 1 A 8 Data byte 1 8 Command Code 1 A 1 A 8 1 S 7 Battery Address 1 A 1 1 8 1 A 1 A 1 P bq2060 Byte Count =N Data byte 2 Data byte N A - ACKNOWLEDGE A - NOT ACKNOWLEDGE S - START P - STOP FG2060HCP.eps Block Read Figure 3. SMBus Communication Protocol without PEC 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 1 0 1 A 8 Command Code Write Word 1 A 8 Data byte low 1 A 8 Data byte high 1 A 8 PEC 1 A 1 P 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 8 1 0 1 A 1 A 8 Command Code 8 Data byte high Read Word 1 A 1 A 1 S 7 Battery Address 8 PEC 1 A 1 1 1 P 1 A Host Processor bq2060 Data byte low 1 S 7 Battery Address 0001011 8 1 A 1 0 1 A 8 Data byte 1 8 Command Code 1 A 1 A 8 1 S 7 Battery Address 1 A 1 1 8 1 A 1 A 8 PEC 1 A A - ACKNOWLEDGE A - NOT ACKNOWLEDGE S - START P - STOP 1 P Byte Count =N Data byte 2 Data byte N Block Read FG2060PEC.eps Figure 4. SMBus Communication Protocol with PEC 12 Preliminary bq2060 Device Reset The bq2060 can be reset with commands over the HDQ or SMBus. Upon reset, the bq2060 initializes its internal registers with the information contained in the configuration EEPROM. The following command sequence initiates a full bq2060 reset: Write 0x4f to 0x0000 Write 0x7d to 0x0000 Write 0x7d to 0x0080 Secondary Protection for Li-Ion Undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds may be programmed in the byte value Cell Under/Over Voltage EE 0x4a to set a secondary level of protection for Lithium Ion cells. The bq2060 checks individual cell voltages for undervoltage and overvoltage conditions. The bq2060 displays the results in the Pack Status register and controls the state of the FET control outputs CFC and DFC. If any cell voltage is less than the VUV threshold, the bq2060 sets the CVUV bit in Pack Status and pulls the DFC pin to a logic low. If any cell voltage is greater than the VOV threshold, the bq2060 sets the CVOV bit in Pack Status and pulls the CFC pin to a logic low. Active Pin Low CFC CFC DFC Communication The bq2060 includes two types of communication ports: SMBus and HDQ16. The SMBus interface is a two-wire bi-directional protocol utilizing the SMBC (clock) and SMBD (data) pins. The HDQ16 interface is a one-wire bi-directional protocol utilizing the HDQ16 pin. The communication ports allow a host controller, an SMBus compatible device, or other processor to access the memory registers of the bq2060. In this way a system can efficiently monitor and manage the battery. Conditions Battery voltage > V() + Overvoltage Margin Overvoltage Li-Ion cell voltage > Cell Under/Over Voltage Overtemperature T() > Max T Li-Ion cell voltage < Cell Undervoltage Under/Over Voltage Battery State SMBus Low-Power Storage Mode The bq2060 enters low-power mode 5s after receiving the Enable Low-Power command. In this mode the bq2060 consumes less than 10A and the LED drivers are inactive. A rising edge on SMBC or SMBD restores the bq2060 to the full operating mode. The SMBus interface is a command-based protocol. A processor acting as the bus master initiates communication to the bq2060 by generating a START condition. A START condition consists of a high-to-low transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. The processor then sends the bq2060 device address of 0001011 (bits 7-1) plus a R/W bit (bit 0) followed by an SMBus command code. The R/W bit (LSB) and the command code instruct the bq2060 to either store the forthcoming data Send Host to bq2060 HDQ Command Code Send Host to bq2060 or Receive from bq2060 16 bit Data tRR Break LSB Bit0 R/W MSB Bit7 tRSPS Start-bit Address-Bit/ Data-Bit Stop-Bit TD2060CE.eps Figure 5. HDQ16 Communication Example 13 bq2060 Preliminary to a register specified by the SMBus command code or output the data from the specified register. The processor completes the access with a STOP condition. A STOP condition consists of a low-to-high transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. With SMBus, the most-significant bit (MSB) of a data byte is transmitted first. In some instances, the bq2060 acts as the bus master. This occurs when the bq2060 broadcasts charging requirements and alarm conditions to device addresses 0x12 (SBS Smart Charger) and 0x10 (SBS Host Controller.) In the Read Word and Block Read, the host generates an ACKNOWLEDGE after the last byte of data sent by the bq2060. The bq2060 then sends the PEC and the host acting as a master-receiver generates a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE and a STOP condition. PEC Calculation The basis of the PEC calculation is an 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC-8) based on the polynomial C(X) = X8 + X2 + X1 + 1. The PEC calculation includes all bytes in the transmission, including address, command, and data. The PEC calculation does not include ACKNOWLEDGE, NOT ACKNOWLEDGE, START, STOP, and Repeated START bits. For example, the host requests RemainingCapacity() from the bq2060. This includes the host following the Read Word protocol. The bq2060 calculates the PEC based on the following 5 bytes of data, assuming the remaining capacity of the battery is 1001mAh. n n n n SMBus Protocol The bq2060 supports the following SMBus protocols: n n n Read Word Write Word Read Block A processor acting as the bus master uses the three protocols to communicate with the bq2060. The bq2060 acting as the bus master uses the Write Word protocol. The SMBD and SMBC pins are open drain and require external pull-up resistors. Battery Address with R/W = 0: 0x16 Command Code for RemainingCapacity(): 0x0f Battery Address with R/W = 1: 0x17 RemainingCapacity(): 0x03e9 SMBus Packet Error Checking The bq2060 supports Packet Error Checking as a mechanism to confirm proper communication between it and another SMBus device. Packet Error Checking requires that both the transmitter and receiver calculate a Packet Error Code (PEC) for each communication message. The device that supplies the last byte in the communication message appends the PEC to the message. The receiver compares the transmitted PEC to its PEC result to determine if there is a communication error. For 0x160f17e903, the bq2060 transmits a PEC of 0xe8 to the host. PEC Enable in Master Mode PEC for master mode broadcasts to the charger, host, or both can be enabled/disabled with the combination of the bits HPE and CPE in Control Mode. SMBus On and Off State The bq2060 detects whether the SMBus enters the "Off State" by monitoring the SMBC and SMBD lines. When both signals are low for 2s, the bq2060 detects the "Off State". When the SMBC and SMBD lines go high, the bq2060 detects the "On State" and can begin communication within 1ms. PEC Protocol The bq2060 can receive or transmit data with or without PEC. Figure 3 shows the communication protocol for the Read Word, Write Word, and Read Block messages without PEC. Figure 4 includes PEC. In the Write Word protocol, the bq2060 receives the PEC after the last byte of data from the host. If the host does not support PEC, the last byte of data is followed by a STOP condition. After receipt of the PEC, the bq2060 compares the value to its calculation. If the PEC is correct, the bq2060 responds with an ACKNOWLEDGE. If it is not correct, the bq2060 responds with a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE and sets an error code. HDQ16 The HDQ16 interface is a command-based protocol. See Figure 5. A processor sends the command code to the bq2060. The 8-bit command code consists of two fields, the 7-bit HDQ16 command code (bits 0-6) and the 1-bit R/W field (MSB bit 7). The R/W field directs the bq2060 either to n n Store the next 16 bits of data to a specified register or Output 16 bits of data from the specified register 14 Preliminary bq2060 With HDQ16, the least significant bit (LSB) of a data byte (command) or word (data) is transmitted first. A bit transmission consists of three distinct sections. The first section starts the transmission by either the host or the bq2060 taking the HDQ16 pin to a logic-low state for a period tSTRH;B. The next section is the actual data-transmission, where the data bit is valid by the time, tDSU;B after the negative edge used to start communication. The data bit is held for a period tDH;DV to allow the host processor or bq2060 to sample the data bit. The final section is used to stop the transmission by returning the HDQ16 pin to a logic-high state by at least the time tSSU;B after the negative edge used to start communication. The final logic-high state should be until a period tCYCH;B to allow time to ensure that the bit transmission was stopped properly. If a communication error occurs (e.g., tCYCB > 250s), the host sends the bq2060 a BREAK to reinitiate the serial interface. The bq2060 detects a BREAK when the HDQ16 pin is in a logic-low state for a time tB or greater. The HDQ16 pin is then returned to its normal ready-high logic state for a time tBR. The bq2060 is then ready to receive a command from the host processor. The HDQ16 pin is open drain and requires an external pull-up resistor. LED display is disabled. Other commands issued to ManufacturerAccess() during VFC calibration will pend and be executed by the bq2060 after calibration completion. 0x067e Alternate VFC Calibration: Instructs the unsealed bq2060 to begin VFC calibration. With this command the bq2060 does not deselect the SR1 and SR2 inputs and calibrates for IC and PCB offset. Other commands issued to ManufacturerAccess() during VFC calibration will pend and be executed by the bq2060 after calibration completion. During this procedure no charge or discharge currents must flow through the sense resistor. During calibration, the LED display is disabled. 0x0660 Stop VFC Calibration: Instructs the bq2060 to abort a VFC calibration procedure. If aborted, the bq2060 disables offset correction. 0x0606 Program EEPROM: Instructs the unsealed bq2060 to connect the SMBus to the EEPROM I2C bus. Subsequent to issuing the program EEPROM command, the bq2060 monitoring functions are disabled until the I2C bus is disconnected. The bq2060 disconnects the I2C bus when it detects that the Battery Address 0x16 is sent over the SMBus or when the SMBus goes low for 2s. Purpose: The ManufacturerAccess() function provides the system host access to bq2060 functions that are not defined by the SBD. SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Word Command Codes The SMBus Command Codes are in ( ), the HDQ16 in [ ]. ManufacturerAccess() (0x00); [0x00-0x01] Description: This function provides writable command codes to control the bq2060 during normal operation and pack manufacture. The following list of commands are available. 0x0618 Enable Low-Power Storage (sleep) Mode: Activates the low-power storage mode. The bq2060 enters the storage mode after a 5s delay. The bq2060 acce pts a n d e xe c u t e s o t h e r co m ma nds to ManufacturerAccess() during the 5s delay and enters sleep mode upon completion. The LEDs are inactive when the bq2060 is in sleep mode. 0x062b SEAL Command: Instructs the bq2060 to restrict access to those functions listed in Table 3. Note: The SEAL Command does not change the state of the SEAL bit in Pack Configuration in EEPROM. 0x064d Charge Synchronization: Instructs the bq2060 to update RM to a percentage of FCC as defined in Fast Charge Termination %. 0x0653 Enable VFC Calibration: Instructs the unsealed bq2060 to begin VFC calibration. With this command the bq2060 deselects the SR1 and SR2 inputs and calibrates for IC offset only. During calibration, the RemainingCapacityAlarm() (0x01); [0x01] Description: Sets or gets the low-capacity threshold value. Whenever the RemainingCapacity() falls below the low capacity value, the bq2060 sends AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus Host with the REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit set. A low-capacity value of 0 disables this alarm. The bq2060 initially sets the low-capacity value to Remaining Capacity Alarm value programmed in EE 0x04 - 0x05. The low-capacity value remains uncha ng ed unti l a l tered b y the Rem a i ni ng CapacityAlarm() function. The low-capacity value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10mWh) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. Purpose: The RemainingCapacityAlarm() function can be used by systems that know how much power they require to save their operating state. It enables those systems to more finely control the point at which they transition into suspend or hibernate state. The low-capacity value 15 bq2060 Preliminary Table 9. Battery Mode Bits and Values Battery Mode() Bits INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT Reserved RELEARN_FLAG CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED PRIMARY_BATTERY Reserved ALARM_MODE CHARGER_MODE CAPACITY_MODE Bits Used Format 0 Read only bit flag 1 Read only bit flag 2-6 7 8 9 10-12 13 14 15 Read only bit flag R/W bit flag R/W bit flag 0--Enable alarm broadcast (default) 1--Disable alarm broadcast 0--Enable charging broadcast (default) 1--Disable charging broadcast 0--Report in mA or mAh (default) 1--Report in 10mW or 10mWh Allowable Values 0--Battery OK 1--Relearn cycle requested R/W bit flag R/W bit flag R/W bit flag can be read to verify the value in use by the bq2060's low capacity alarm. SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Unsigned integer--value below which Low Capacity messages are sent. Battery Modes CAPACITY_MODE CAPACITY_MODE bit = 0 bit = 1 Units mAh @ C/5 10mWh @ P/5 Range 0-65,535mAh 0-65,535 10mWh Granularity Not applicable Accuracy See RemainingCapacity() read to verify the value in use by the bq2060's RemainingTimeAlarm(). SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Unsigned integer--the point below which remaining time messages are sent. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,535 minutes Granularity: Not applicable Accuracy: see AverageTimeToEmpty() BatteryMode() (0x03); [0x03] Description: This function selects the various battery operational modes and reports the battery's mode and requests. Defined modes include: n RemainingTimeAlarm() (0x02); [0x02] Description: Sets or gets the remaining time alarm value. Whenever the AverageTimeToEmpty() falls below the remaining time value, the bq2060 sends AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus Host with the REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit set. A remaining time value of 0 effectively disables this alarm. The bq2060 initially sets the remaining time value to the Remaining Time Alarm value programmed in EE 0x02 0x03. The remaining time value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function. Purpose: The RemainingTimeAlarm() function can be used by systems that want to adjust when the remaining time alarm warning is sent. The remaining time value can be Whether the battery's capacity information is specified in mAh or 10mWh (CAPACITY_MODE bit) Whether the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values are broadcast to the Smart Battery Charger when the bq2060 detects the battery requires charging (CHARGER_MODE bit) Whether all broadcasts to the Smart Battery Charger and Host are disabled n n The defined request condition is the battery requesting a conditioning cycle (RELEARN_FLAG). 16 Preliminary bq2060 Purpose: The CAPACITY_MODE bit allows power management systems to best match their electrical characteristics with those reported by the battery. For example, a switching power supply represents a constant power load, whereas a linear supply is better represented by a constant current model. The CHARGER_MODE bit allows a SMBus Host or Smart Battery Charger to override the Smart Battery's desired charging parameters by di sa b l i n g t h e bq2060's bro ad cas t s. T he RELEARN_FLAG bit allows the bq2060 to request a conditioning cycle. SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Unsigned integer --bit mapped-- see below. Units: not applicable Range: 0-1 Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: Not applicable The BatteryMode() word is divided into two halves, the MSB (bits 8-15) which is read/write and the LSB (bits 0-7) which is read only. Attempts to set (write 1's) to the reserved bits in the LSB are prohibited. Table 7 summarizes the meanings of the individual bits in the BatteryMode() word and specifies the default values if any. Power-on default values, where applicable, are noted. INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER bit is not used by the bq2060. PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT bit is not used by the bq2060. RELEARN_FLAG bit set indicates that the bq2060 is requesting a capacity relearn cycle for the battery. The bq2060 sets the RELEARN_FLAG on a full reset and if it detects 20 cycle counts without an FCC update. The bq2060 clears this flag after a learning cycle has been completed. CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED bit is not used by the bq2060. It is set to 0 on an "On-State" detection. PRIMARY_BATTERY bit is not used by the bq2060. It is set to 0 on an "On-State" detection. ALARM_MODE bit is set to disable the bq2060's ability to master the SMBus and send AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2060 does NOT master the SMBus, and AlarmWarning() messages are NOT sent to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger for a period of no more than 65s and no less than 45s. n n When cleared (default), the Smart Battery sends the AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger any time an alarm condition is detected. n The bq2060 polls the ALARM_MODE bit every 125ms. Sixty seconds from the time the bit was last set, the bq2060 automatically enables alarm broadcasts to ensure that the accidental deactivation of broadcasts does not persist. An SMBus host that does not want the bq2060 to be a master on the SMBus must therefore continually set this bit at least once per 45s to keep the bq2060 from broadcasting alarms. The ALARM_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state when the bq2060 detects the SMBus "On-State." The condition of the ALARM-MODE bit does NOT affect the operation or state of the CHARGER_MODE bit which is used to prevent broadcasts of ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to the Smart Battery Charger. CHARGER_MODE bit enables or disables the bq2060's tra nsm i ssi on of Cha rg i ng Current() a nd ChargingVoltage() messages to the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2060 does NOT transmit ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values to the Smart Battery Charger. When cleared, the bq2060 transmits the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values to the Smart Battery Charger when charging is desired. The CHARGER_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state when the bq2060 detects the SMBus "On-State." CAPACITY_MODE bit indicates if capacity information is reported in mA/mAh or 10mW/10mWh. When set, the bq2060 reports capacity information in 10mW/10mWh as appropriate. When cleared, the bq2060 reports capacity information in mA/mAh as appropriate. The CAPACITY_MODE bit is set to 0 on an "On-State" detection. Note 1: The following functions are changed to accept or return values in mA/mAh or 10mW/10mWh depending on the CAPACITY_MODE bit: n n n n n RemainingCapacityAlarm() AtRate() RemainingCapacity() FullChargeCapacity() DesignCapacity() Note 2: The following functions are calculated on the basis of capacity and may be calculated differently depending on the CAPACITY_MODE bit: n AtRateOK() 17 bq2060 Preliminary n n n n n AtRateTimeToEmpty() RunTimeToEmpty() AverageTimeToEmpty() Remaining Time Alarm() BatteryStatus() Units Charge Range Discharge Range Granularity Accuracy Battery Mode CAPACITY_MODE CAPACITY_MODE bit = 0 bit = 1 mA 10mW 1-32,767mA -1- -32,768mA 1 Unit NA 1-32,768 10mW -1- -32,768 10mW AtRate() (0x04); [0x04] Description: The AtRate() function is the first half of a two-function call-set used to set the AtRate value used in calculations made by the AtRateTimeToFull(), AtRateTimeToEmpty(), and AtRateOK() functions. The AtRate value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10mW) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. Purpose: Since the AtRate() function is the first half of a two-function call-set, it is followed by the second function of the call-set that calculates and returns a value based on the AtRate value and the battery's present state. A delay of 300ms is required after writing AtRate() and before reading the second function. n AtRateTimeToFull() (0x05);[0x05] Description: Returns the predicted remaining time to fully charge the battery at the AtRate( ) value (mA). Purpose: T he AtRa teT i m eToF ul l () functi on i s pa rt of a two-function call-set used to determine the predicted remaining charge time at the AtRate value in mA. It may be read 300ms after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to "not ready". The bq2060 automatically updates AtRateTimeToFull() based on the At Rate() value every 20s. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--predicted time in minutes to fully charge the battery. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: MaxError() * FullChargeCapacity()/|AtRate()| Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged. When the AtRate() value is positive, the AtRateTimeToFull() function returns the predicted time to full-charge at the AtRate value of charge. When the AtRate() value is negative, the AtRateTimeToEmpty() function returns the predicted operating time at the AtRate value of discharge. When the AtRate() value is negative, the AtRateOK() function returns a Boolean value that predicts the battery's ability to supply the AtRate value of additional discharge energy (current or power) for 10 seconds. n n The default value for AtRate() is zero. Writing AtRate() values over the HDQ16 serial port does NOT trigger a re -ca l cu l a t io n of A t R at e Time ToF ul l (), AtRateTimeToEmpty(), and AtRateOK() functions. SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Signed integer -- charge or discharge; the AtRate() value is positive for charge, negative for discharge, and zero for neither (default). AtRateTimeToEmpty() (0x06); [0x06] Description: Returns the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AtRate() value. Purpose: The AtRateTimeToEmpty() function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the remaining operating time at the AtRate( )value. It may be read 300ms after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged, and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to "not 18 Preliminary bq2060 re a dy". Th e bq2060 au t o mat ically upda tes AtRateTimeToEmpty() based on the At Rate() value every 20s. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer -- estimated operating time left. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: -0,+MaxError() * FullChargeCapacity/|AtRate()| Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being discharged. peratures for use by battery chargers and thermal management systems. A battery charger can use the temperature as a safety check. Thermal management systems may use the temperature because the battery is one of the largest thermal sources in a system. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsi g ned i nteg er-- cel l tem pera ture tenth-degree Kelvin increments. Units: 0.1K Range: 0 to +6553.5K {real range} Granularity: 0.1K Accuracy: 2K in AtRateOK() (0x07); [0x07] Description: Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether or not the battery can deliver the AtRate( )value of additional energy for 10 seconds (Boolean). If the AtRate value is zero or positive, the AtRateOK() function ALWAYS return-true. Purpose: The AtRateOK() function is part of a two-function call-set used by power management systems to determine if the battery can safely supply enough energy for an additional load. It may be read 300ms after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate( ) value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged, and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to "not ready". The bq2060 automatically updates AtRateOK() based on the At Rate() value every 20s. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Boolean--indicates if the battery can supply the additional energy requested. Units: Boolean Range: TRUE, FALSE Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: not applicable Voltage() (0x09); [0x09] Description: Returns the cell-pack voltage (mV). Purpose: The Voltage() function provides power management systems with an accurate battery terminal voltage. Power management systems can use this voltage, along with battery current information, to characterize devices they control. This ability helps enable intelligent, adaptive power-management systems. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--battery terminal voltage in mV. Units: mV Range: 0 to 20,000 mV Granularity: 1mV Accuracy: 10mV Current() (0x0a); [0x0a] Description: Returns the current being supplied (or accepted) through the battery's terminals (mA). Purpose: The Current() function provides a snapshot for the power management system of the current flowing into or out of the battery. This information is of particular use in power-management systems because they can characterize individual devices and "tune" their operation to actual system power behavior. Temperature() (0x08); [0x08] Description: Returns the temperature (K) measured by the bq2060. Purpose: The Temperature() function provides accurate cell tem- 19 bq2060 Preliminary SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Signed integer--charge/discharge rate in mA increments--positive for charge, negative for discharge. Units: mA Range: ( 300mV/Rs) mA Granularity: 1mA Accuracy: 610V/Rs Purpose: The MaxError() function has real value in two ways: first, to give the user a confidence level about the state of charge and second, to give the power management system information about how aggressive it should be, particularly as the battery nears the end of its life. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--percent uncertainty for selected information. Units: % Range: 2 to 100% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: not applicable AverageCurrent() (0x0b); [0x0b] Description: Returns an value that approximates a one-minute rolling average of the current being supplied (or accepted) th ro u gh th e bat t e r y's t e rm in als ( mA). T he AverageCurrent() function will return meaningful values during the battery's first minute of operation. Purpose: The AverageCurrent() function provides the average current flowing into or out of the battery for the power management system. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Signed integer--charge/discharge rate in ma increments--positive for charge, negative for discharge. Units: ma Range: 0 to 32,767 mA for charge or 0 to -32,768 mA for discharge Granularity: 1mA Accuracy: 610V/RS RelativeStateOfCharge() (0x0d); [0x0d] Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of FullChargeCapacity() (%). Purpose: The RelativeStateOfCharge() function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the battery relative to the last "learned" capacity. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--percent of remaining capacity. Units: % Range: 0 to 100% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() MaxError() (0x0c); [0x0c] Description: Returns the expected margin of error (%) in the state of charge calculation. For example, when MaxError() returns 10% and RelativeStateOfCharge() returns 50%, the Relative StateOfCharge() is more likely between 50 and 60%. The bq2060 sets MaxError() to 100% on a full reset. The bq2060 sets MaxError() to 2% on completion of a learning cycle, unless the bq2060 limits the learning cycle to the +512/-256mAh maximum adjustment values. If the learning cycle is limited, the bq2060 sets MaxError() to 8% unless MaxError() was already below 8%. In this case MaxError() does not change. The bq2060 increments MaxError() by 1% after four increments of CycleCount() without a learning cycle. If voltage-based corrections are applied to the coulomb counter, MaxError() is set to 25%. AbsoluteStateOfCharge()(0x0e); [0x0e] Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of DesignCapacity() (%). Note that AbsoluteStateOfCharge() can return values greater than 100%. Purpose: The AbsoluteStateOfCharge() function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the battery relative to the nominal or DesignCapacity(). SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--percent of remaining capacity. 20 Preliminary bq2060 Units: % Range: 0 to 100+% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() Output: Unsigned integer--estimated full-charge capacity in mAh or 10mWh. Battery Mode CAPACITY_MODE CAPACITY_MODE bit = 0 bit = 1 Units mAh 10mWh Range 0-65,535mAh 0-65,535 10mWh Granularity mAh 10mWh Accuracy -0, +MaxError() FullChargeCapacity() RemainingCapacity() (0x0f); [0x0f] Description: Returns the predicted charge or energy remaining in the battery. The RemainingCapacity() value is expressed in either charge (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or energy (10mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. Purpose: The RemainingCapacity() function returns the battery's remaining capacity. This information is a numeric indication of remaining charge or energy given by the Absolute or Relative StateOfCharge() functions and may be in a better form for use by power management systems. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--remaining charge in mAh or 10mWh. Battery Mode CAPACITY_MODE CAPACITY_MODE bit = 0 bit = 1 Units mAh 10mWh Range 0-65,535mAh 0-65,535 10mWh Granularity mAh 10mWh Accuracy -0, +MaxError() FullChargeCapacity() RunTimeToEmpty() (0x11); [0x11] Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery life at the present ra te of di scha rg e (m i nutes). T he RunTimeToEmpty() value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. This is an important distinction because use of the wrong calculation mode may result in inaccurate return values. Purpose: The RunTimeToEmpty() can be used by the power management system to get information about the relative gain or loss in remaining battery life in response to a change in power policy. This information is NOT the same as the AverageTimeToEmpty(), which is not suitable to determine the effects that result from a change in power policy. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--minutes of operation left. FullChargeCapacity() (0x10); [0x10] Description: Returns the predicted pack capacity when it is fully charged. The FullChargeCapacity() value is expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power (10mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. Purpose: The FullChargeCapacity() function provides the user with a means of understanding the "tank size" of their battery. This information, along with information about the original capacity of the battery, can be presented to the user as an indication of battery wear. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() FullChargeCapacity() / Current() Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged. AverageTimeToEmpty() (0x12); [0x12] Description: Returns a one-minute rolling average of the predicted remaining battery life (minutes). The AverageTimeToEmpty() value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. This is an important distinction because use of the wrong calculation mode may result in inaccurate return values. 21 bq2060 Preliminary Purpose: The AverageTimeToEmpty() displays state-of-charge information in a more useful way. By averaging the instantaneous estimations, the remaining time does not appear to "jump" around. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer -- minutes of operation left. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() FullChargeCapacity() / AverageCurrent() Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged. source above its maximum regulated current range by returning a ChargingCurrent() value of 65,535. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--maximum charger output current in mA. Units: mA Range: 0 to 61,456 mA Granularity: 1mA Accuracy: not applicable Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates that a charger should operate as a voltage source outside its maximum regulated current range. ChargingVoltage() (0x15); [0x15] Description: Returns the desired charging voltage in mV. Purpose: The ChargingVoltage() function sets the maximum charge voltage of the battery. The ChargingVoltage() value should be used in combination with the ChargingCurrent() value to set the charger's operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2060 to dynamically control the charging profile (current/voltage) of the battery. The charger may be operated as a constant-current source above its maximum regulated voltage range by returning a ChargingVoltage() value of 65,535. SMBus Protocol: Write Word Output: Unsigned integer--charger output voltage in mV. Units: mV Range: 0 to 61,456 mV Granularity: 1mV Accuracy: not applicable Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the charger should operate as a current source outside its maximum regulated voltage range. AverageTimeToFull() (0x13); [0x13] Description: Returns a one minute rolling average of the predicted remaining time until the battery reaches full charge (minutes). Purpose: The AverageTimeToFull() function can be used by the SMBus Host's power management system to aid in its policy. It may also be used to find out how long the system must be left on to achieve full charge. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer --remaining time in minutes. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 minutes Granularity: 2 minutes or better Accuracy: MaxError() FullChargeCapacity() / AverageCurrent() Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged. ChargingCurrent() (0x14); [0x14] Description: Returns the desired charging rate in mA. Purpose: The ChargingCurrent() function sets the ma xi mu m ch arge cu rre n t o f t h e bat t ery. T he ChargingCurrent() value should be used in combination with the ChargingVoltage() value to set the charger's operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2060 to dynamically control the charging profile (current/voltage) of the battery. The bq2060 can effectively turn off a charger by returning a value of 0 for this function. The charger may be operated as a constant-voltage BatteryStatus()(0x16); [0x16] Description: Returns the bq2060's status word (flags). Some of the BatteryStatus() flags (REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM and REMAINING_TIME_ALARM) are calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. This is important because use of the wrong calculation mode may result in an inaccurate alarm. 22 Preliminary bq2060 Purpose: The BatteryStatus() function is used by the power-management system to get alarm and status bits, as well as error codes from the bq2060. This is basically the same information broadcast to both the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger by the AlarmWarning() function except that the AlarmWarning() function sets the Error Code bits all high before sending the data. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--Status Register with alarm conditions bit mapped as follows: Alarm Bits OVER_CHARGED_ALARM TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM reserved OVER_TEMP_ALARM TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM reserved REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM REMAINING_TIME_ALARM Status Bits INITIALIZED DISCHARGING FULLY_CHARGED FULLY_DISCHARGED Error Codes Unknown Error BadSize Overflow/Underflow AccessDenied UnsupportedCommand ReservedCommand Busy OK OVER_TEMP_ALARM bit is set when the bq2060 detects that the internal battery temperature is greater than allowed by the MaxT limit. This bit is cleared when the internal temperature falls back into the acceptable range. TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM bit is set when the bq2060 detects that Voltage() is less than EDV0 or when the CVUV bit in Pack Status is set indicating that a Li-Ion cell voltage has dropped below the limit programmed in Cell Under/Over Voltage. The bit is cleared when Voltage() is greater than EDV0 or when the CVUV bit is cleared. REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit is set when the bq2060 detects that RemainingCapacity() is less than that set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm() function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm() function is lower than the RemainingCapacity() or when the RemainingCapacity() is increased by charging. REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit is set when the bq2060 detects that the estimated remaining time at the present discharge rate is less than that set by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function is lower than the AverageTimeToEmpty() or when the AverageTimeToEmpty() is increased by charging. 0x8000 0x4000 0x2000 0x1000 0x0800 0x0400 0x0200 0x0100 0x0080 0x0040 0x0020 0x0010 0x0007 0x0006 0x0005 0x0004 0x0003 0x0002 0x0001 0x0000 Status Bits INITIALIZED bit is set when the bq2060 is has detected a valid load of EEPROM. It is cleared when the bq2060 detects an improper EEPROM load. DISCHARGING bit is set when the bq2060 determines that the battery is not being charged. This bit is cleared when the bq2060 detects that the battery is being charged. FULLY_CHARGED bit is set when the bq2060 detects a primary charge termination or an overcharged condition. It is cleared when RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than or equal to the programmed Fully Charged Clear % in EE 0x4b. FULLY_DISCHARGED bit is set when Voltage() is less than the EDV2 threshold. This bit is cleared when the Relative StateOfCharge() is greater than or equal to 20%. Alarm Bits OVER_CHARGED_ALARM bit is set whenever the bq2060 detects that the battery is being charged beyond the Maximum Overcharge limit. This bit is cleared when the bq2060 detects that the battery is no longer being charged. TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit is set when the bq2060 detects that one or more of the battery's charging parameters are out of range (e.g., its voltage or current is too high) or when the bq2060 detects a primary charge termination. This bit is cleared when the parameter falls back into the allowable range, the termination condition ceases, or when the bq2060 detects that the battery is no longer being charged. 23 bq2060 Preliminary Description The bq2060 processed the function OK code without detecting any errors. The bq2060 is unable to process the Busy function code at this time. The bq2060 detected an attempt to read or write to a function code reserved by this version of the specificaReserved tion. The 2060 detected an attempt to access an unsupported optional manufacturer function code. The bq2060 does not support this Unsupported function code which is defined in this version of the specification. The bq2060 detected an attempt to AccessDenied write to a read-only function code. The bq2060 detected a data overflow Over/Underflow or underflow. The bq2060 detected an attempt to BadSize write to a function code with an incorrect data block. The bq2060 detected an unidentifiable UnknownError error. Error or power, (10mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()'s CAPACITY_MODE bit. Purpose: The DesignCapacity() function is used by the SMBus Host's power management in conjunction with FullChargeCapacity() to determine battery wear. The power management system may present this information to the user and also adjust its power policy as a result. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--battery capacity in mAh or 10mWh. Battery Mode CAPACITY_MODE CAPACITY_MODE bit = 0 bit = 1 Units mAh 10mWh Range 0-65,535mAh 0-65,535 10mWh Granularity Not applicable Accuracy Not applicable DesignVoltage() (0x19); [0x19] CycleCount()(0x17); [0x17] Description: Returns the number of cycles the battery has experienced. The mAh value of each count is determined by programming the Cycle Count Threshold value in EE 0x3c-0x3d. The bq2060 saves the cycle count value to Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f after an update to CycleCount(). Purpose: The CycleCount() function provides a means to determine the battery's wear. It may be used to give advanced warning that the battery is nearing its end of life. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--count of total charge removed from the battery over its life. Units: cycle Range: 0 to 65,534 cycles 65,535 indicates battery has experienced 65,535 or more cycles. Granularity: 1 cycle Accuracy: absolute count Description: Returns the theoretical voltage of a new pack (mV). The bq2060 sets DesignVoltage() to the value programmed in Design Voltage EE0x12-0x13. Purpose: The DesignVoltage() function can be used to give additional information about a particular Smart Battery's expected terminal voltage. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--the battery's designed terminal voltage in mV Units: mV Range: 0 to 65,535 mV Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: not applicable SpecificationInfo() (0x1a); [0x1a] Description: Returns the version number of the Smart Battery specification the battery pack supports, as well as voltage and current scaling information in a packed unsigned integer. Power scaling is the product of the voltage scaling times the current scaling. The SpecificationInfo is packed in the following fashion: (SpecID_H 0x10 + SpecID_L) + (VScale + IPScale 0x10) 0x100. DesignCapacity() (0x18); [0x18] Description: Returns the theoretical or nominal capacity of a new pack. The DesignCapacity() value is expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) 24 Preliminary bq2060 The bq2060 VScale (voltage scaling) and IPScale (current scaling) should always be set to zero. The bq2060 sets SpecificationInfo() to the value programmed in Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15. Purpose: The SpecificationInfo() function is used by the SMBus Host's power management system to determine what information the Smart Battery can provide. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--packed specification number and scaling information. Bits Used SerialNumber() (0x1c); [0x1c] Description: This function is used to return a serial number. This number, when combined with the ManufacturerName(), the DeviceName(), and the ManufactureDate(), uniquely identifies the battery (unsigned int). The bq2060 sets SerialNumber() to the value programmed in Serial Number EE 0x18-0x19. Purpose: The SerialNumber() function can be used to identify a particular battery. This may be important in systems that are powered by multiple batteries where the system can log information about each battery that it encounters. SMBus Protocol: Read Word Field SpecID_L SpecID_H VScale IPScale Format 4-bit binary 0...3 value 4-bit binary 4...7 value 4-bit binary 8...11 value 4-bit binary 12...15 value Allowable Values 0-15 0-15 0 (multiplies voltage by 10^ VScale) 0 (multiplies current by 10 ^ IPScale) Output: Unsigned integer ManufacturerName() (0x20); [0x20-0x25] Description: This function returns a character array containing the battery's manufacturer's name. For example, "MyBattCo" would identify the Smart Battery's m a nufa cturer a s My Ba ttCo. T he b q 2 0 6 0 sets ManufacturerName() to the value programmed in Manufacturer Name EE 0x20-0x26. Purpose: The ManufacturerName() function returns the name of the Smart Battery's manufacturer. The manufacturer's name can be displayed by the SMBus Host's power management system display as both an identifier and as an advertisement for the manufacturer. The name is also useful as part of the information required to uniquely identify a battery. SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String--character string with maximum length of 11 characters (11+length byte). ManufactureDate() (0x1b); [0x1b] Description: This function returns the date the cell pack was manufactured in a packed integer. The date is packed in the following fashion: (year-1980) 512 + month 32 + day. The bq2060 sets ManufactureDate() to the value programmed in Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17. Purpose: The ManufactureDate() provides the system with information that can be used to uniquely identify a particular battery pack when used in conjunction with SerialNumber(). SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer--packed date of manufacture. Field Day Month Year Bits Used 0...4 5...8 9...15 Format 5-bit binary value 4-bit binary value 7-bit binary value Allowable Values 0-31 (corresponds to date) 1-12 (corresponds to month number) 0-127 (corresponds to year biased by 1980) DeviceName() (0x21); [0x28-0x2b] Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery's name. For example, a DeviceName() of "BQ2060A" would indicate that the battery i s a m odel BQ 2 0 6 0 A. T he b q 2 0 6 0 sets DeviceName() to the value programmed in Device Name EE 0x30-0x37. Purpose: The DeviceName() function returns the battery's name for identification purposes. SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String--character string with maximum length of 7 characters (7+length byte). 25 bq2060 Preliminary Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map EEPROM Address 0x00 0x02 0x04 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x0a 0x0c 0x0e 0x10 0x12 0x14 0x16 0x18 0x1a 0x1c 0x1e 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 0x25 0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2a 0x2b 0x2c 0x2e 0x30 0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 Note: Name Chemistry Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel NiMH Example 15487 10 minutes 350mAh 0 Data MSB LSB 3c 7f 00 0a 01 5e 00 ff 00 00 00 2e 00 26 00 0f 00 03 00 ff 00 00 00 ff 80 00 00 e0 31 59 01 a0 c8 20 09 42 45 4e 43 48 4d 41 52 51 00 00 00 38 07 42 51 32 30 Li-Ion Example 15487 10 minutes 400mAh 31 0 0 12600mV 128 0 0 10800mV v1.1/PEC 2/25/99=9817 1 3000mA 0mA 100mA 9 B E N C H M A R Q 0 0 0 256mAh 7 B Q 2 0 Data MSB LSB 3c 7f 00 0a 01 90 00 31 00 00 00 2a 00 26 00 0b 00 00 00 ff 1f 00 00 38 80 00 00 30 31 59 01 b8 00 64 09 42 45 4e 43 48 4d 41 52 51 00 00 00 00 07 42 51 32 30 0x01 Check Byte 1 0x03 Remaining Time Alarm 0x05 Remaining Capacity Alarm EDV A0 Impedance Age Factor Reserved 0x09 Reserved 0x0b Charging Voltage 0x0d Reserved 0x0f Cycle Count 0x11 Reserved 0x13 Design Voltage 0x15 Specification Information 0x17 Manufacture Date 0x19 Serial Number 0x1b Fast-Charging Current Maintenance Charging 0x1d Current 0x1f Pre-Charge Current Manufacturer Name Length Character 1 Character 2 Character 3 Character 4 Character 5 Character 6 Character 7 Character 8 Character 9 Character 10 Light Discharge Current 0x2d Reserved 0x2f Maximum Overcharge Device Name Length Character 1 Character 2 Character 3 Character 4 0 0 Li-Ion, Nickel 65535mV 128 Li-Ion, Nickel 0 0 Li-Ion, Nickel 12000mV Li-Ion, Nickel v1.1/PEC Li-Ion, Nickel 2/25/99=9817 Li-Ion, Nickel 1 Li-Ion, Nickel 4000mA Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel 200mA 800mA 9 B E N C H M A R Q 0 0 0 200mAh 7 B Q 2 0 Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting. 26 Preliminary bq2060 Table 11. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued) EEPROM Address 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x3a 0x3c 0x3e 0x3f 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 0x46 0x48 0x49 0x4a 0x4b 0x4c 0x4d 0x4e 0x4f 0x50 0x51 0x52 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x56 0x57 0x58 0x59 0x5a 0x5b Note: Name Character 5 Character 6 Character 7 Last Measured Discharge Pack Capacity Cycle Count Threshold Reserved Pack Configuration Device Chemistry Length Character 1 Character 2 Character 3 Character 4 MaxT DeltaT Overload Current Overvoltage Margin Overcurrent Margin Reserved Cell Under/Over Voltage Fast Charge Termination % Fully Charged Clear % High Charge Efficiency Current Taper Threshold DeltaT Time Holdoff Time Current Taper Qual Voltage Manufacturers Data Length Control Mode Digital Filter Self-Discharge Rate Battery Low % Near Full Reserved Reserved Reserved Chemistry Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Nickel Li-Ion Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion Nickel Nickel Li-Ion Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel NiMH Example 6 0 A 4000mAh 4000mAh 500mAh 0 232 4 N I M H 50C, 3.0 6000mA 0 512mA 0 96% 90% 97% 180s 240s 7 4 50V 1% 12% 200mAh 0 0 0 Data MSB LSB 36 30 41 0f a0 0f a0 fe 0c 00 e8 04 4e 49 4d 48 c7 17 70 00 20 00 a0 a6 el f7 f4 07 04 2d cb 1f 64 00 00 00 Li-Ion Example 6 0 A 4050mAh 4050mAh 3240mAh 0 246 4 L I O N 50C, 4.6 6000mA 800mV 512mA 118 100% 95% 100% 200mA 128mV 7 4 50V 0.21% 7% 200mAh 0 0 0 Data MSB LSB 36 30 41 0f d2 0f d2 f3 58 00 f6 04 4c 49 4f 4e cf 17 70 32 20 76 9c a1 ff 08 40 07 04 2d 05 12 64 00 00 00 0x39 0x3b 0x3d 0x47 Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting. 27 bq2060 Preliminary Table 12. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued) EEPROM Address 0x5c 0x5e 0x60 0x61 0x62 0x63 Description Chemistry Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion Nickel Li-Ion Nickel Li-Ion Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel Li-Ion, Nickel NiMH Example 0 0 0 0 0 0.25% 96% 1% 16 : 1 0.05 0.05 11500mV 12500mV 13500mV 9500mV 10000mV 0 10500mV 0 0 42330 Data MSB LSB 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4e 30 20 d3 cf cb 25 27 00 29 00 a5 20 a0 50 20 d4 00 14 2c 44 1c 10 00 04 00 00 5a Li-Ion Example 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 : 1 0.05 0.05 10550mV 10750mV 11200mV 10265mV 12000 2307 420 3932 2185 42330 Data MSB LSB 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4e 30 20 d6 d6 d4 28 2e 09 01 0f 08 a5 00 00 20 d4 00 ca 02 40 19 e0f 03 a4 5c 89 5a 0x64 0x65 0x66 0x68 0x6a 0x6c 0x6e 0x70 0x72 0x74 0x76 0x78 0x7a 0x7c 0x7e Note: 0x5d Reserved 0x5f VFC Offset* VFC Offset* Temperature Offset* ADC Offset* Cell 2 Calibration Factor* Efficiency Temperature Compensation Cell 3 Calibration Factor* Efficiency Drop Off Percentage Cell 4 Calibration Factor* Efficiency Reduction Rate 0x67 ADC Voltage Gain* 0x69 ADC Sense Resistor Gain* 0x6b 0x6d 0x6f 0x71 0x73 0x75 0x77 0x79 0x7b 0x7d 0x7f VFC Sense Resistor Gain* VOC 25% VOC 50% VOC 75% EDVF/EDV0 EMF/ EDV1 EDV T0 Factor EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EDV R0 Factor EDV R1 Factor Check Byte 2 Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be adjusted for maximum accuracy. For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting. 28 Preliminary bq2060 DeviceChemistry() (0x22); [0x30-0x32] Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery's chemistry. For example, if the DeviceChemistry() function returns "NiMH," the battery pack would contain nickel metal hydride cells. The bq2060 sets DeviceChemistry() to the value programmed in Device Chemistry EE 0x40-0x44. Purpose: The DeviceChemistry() function gives cell chemistry information for use by charging systems. The bq2060 does not use DeviceChemisty() values for internal charge control or fuel gauging. SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String--character string with maximum length of 4 characters (4+length byte). Note: The following is a partial list of chemistries and their expected abbreviations. These abbreviations are NOT case sensitive. Lead Acid Lithium Ion Nickel Cadmium Nickel Metal Hydride Nickel Zinc Rechargeable Alkaline-Manganese Zinc Air PbAc LION NiCd NiMH NiZn RAM ZnAr Pack Status and Pack Configuration (0x2f); [0x2f] This function returns the Pack Status and Pack Configuration registers. The Pack Status register contains a number of status bits relating to bq2060 operation. The Pack Status register is the least significant byte of the word. b7 OCE b6 b5 b4 VDQ b3 COK b2 DOK b1 CVOV b0 CVUV EDV2 EINT OCE The OCE bit indicates that offset cancellation is enabled. The bq2060 sets this bit after VFC offset calibration is complete. 0 1 Offset calibration is not enabled Offset calibration is enabled EDV2 The EDV2 bit indicates that Voltage() is less than the EDV2 threshold. 0 1 Voltage() > EDV2 threshold Voltage() EDV2 threshold EINT The EINT bits indicate that the VFC has detected a charge or discharge pulse. 0 1 No charge/discharge activity detected Charge/discharge activity detected. ManufacturerData() (0x23); [0x38-0x3a] Description: This function allows access to the manufacturer data contained in the battery (data). The bq2060 stores seven critical EEPROM programming parameters in this data area. Purpose: The ManufacturerData() function may be used to access the manufacturer's data area. The data fields of this command reflect the programming of five critical EEPROM locations and can be used to facilitate evaluation bq2060 under various programming sets. The ManufacturerData() function returns the following information in order: Control Mode, Digital Filter, Self-Discharge Rate, Battery Low %, Near Full, and the calculated EDV threshold ( low byte and high byte.) SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: Block data--data that reflects EEPROM programming as assigned by the manufacturer with maximum length of 7 characters (7+length byte). VDQ The VDQ bit indicates if the present discharge cycle is valid for an FCC update. 0 1 Discharge cycle is not valid Discharge cycle is valid COK The COK bit indicates the status of the CFC pin of the bq2060. 0 1 CFC pin is low CFC pin is high DOK The DOK bit indicates the status of the DFC pin of the bq2060. 0 1 DFC pin is low DFC pin is high 29 bq2060 Preliminary CVOV The CVOV bit indicates that a secondary Li-Ion protection limit has been exceeded. It is set if any individual cell exceeds the programmed high voltage limit, if the pack voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold, or if an over temperature condition occurs. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present overvoltage status. 0 1 No secondary protection limits exceeded A secondary protection limit exceeded Fundamental Parameters Sense Resistor Value Two factors are used to scale the current related measurements. The 16-bit ADC Sense Resistor Gain value in EE 0x68-0x69 scales Current() to mA. Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides a method to calibrate the current readings for system errors and the sense resistor value (Rs) . The nominal value is set by ADC Sense Resistor Gain = 625 (Rs) (3) CVUV The CVUV bit indicates if any individual cell falls below the programmed low-voltage limit. The bit applies to lithium batteries only. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present undervoltage status. 0 1 All series cells are above the low-voltage limit A series cell is below the low voltage limit The 16-bit VFC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x6a-0x6b scales each VFC interrupt to mAh. VFC Sense Resistor Gain is based on the resistance of the series sense resistor. The following formula computes a nominal or starting value for VFC Sense Resistor Gain from the sense resistor value. VFC Sense Resistor Gain = 409.6 (Rs) (4) The Pack Configuration register reflects how the bq2060 is configured as defined by the value programmed in Pack Configuration in EE 0x3f. VCELL4-VCELL1 (0x3c-0x3f); [0x3c-0x3f] These functions return the calculated voltages in mV at the VCELL4 through VCELL1 inputs. Sense resistor values are limited to the range of 0.00916 to 0.100. Digital Filter The desired digital filter threshold, VDF (V), is set by calculating the value stored in Digital Filter EE 0x52. Digital Filter = 2250 VDF (5) EEPROM General The bq2060 accesses the external EEPROM during a full reset and when storing historical data. During an EEPROM access, the VOUT pin becomes active and the bq2060 uses the ESCL and ESDA pins to communicate with the EEPROM. The EEPROM stores basic configuration information for use by the bq2060. The EEPROM must be programmed correctly for proper bq2060 operation. Cell Characteristics Battery Pack Capacity and Voltage Pack capacity is programmed in mAh units to Pack Capacity in EE 0x3a-0x3b and Last Measured Discharge in EE 0x38-0x39. In mAh mode, the bq2060 copies Pack Capacity to DesignCapacity(). In mWh mode, the bq2060 multiplies Pack Capacity by Design Voltage EE 0x12-0x13 to calculate DesignCapacity() scaled to 10mWh. Design Voltage is stored in mV. Last Measured Discharge is modified over the course of pack usage to reflect cell aging under the particular use conditions. The bq2060 updates Last Measured Discharge in mAh after a capacity learning cycle. The bq2060 uses the Last Measured Discharge value to calculate FullChargeCapacity() in mAh or 10mWh mode. Memory Map Table 8 shows the memory map for the EEPROM. It also contains example data for a 10 series NiMH and a 3s3p Li-Ion battery pack with a 0.05 sense resistor. EEPROM Programming The following sections describes the function of each EEPROM location and how the data is to be stored. EDV Thresholds and Near Full Percentage The bq2060 uses three pack voltage thresholds to provide voltage-based warnings of low battery capacity. The bq2060 uses the values stored in EEPROM for the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 values or calculates the three 30 Preliminary bq2060 thresholds from a base value and the temperature, capacity, and rate adjustment factors stored in EEPROM. If EDV compensation is disabled then EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 are stored directly in mV in EE 0x72-0x73, EE 0x74-0x75, and EE 0x78-0x79, respectively. For capacity correction at EDV2, Battery Low % EE 0x54 ca n b e s e t at a d e s ir e d s t at e - o f -cha rg e, STATEOFCHARGE%, in the range of 5 to 20%. Typical values for STATEOFCHARGE% are 7-12% representing 7 -12% capacity. Battery Low % = STATEOFCHARGE% 2.56 (6) n R0 FTZ represents the resistance of the battery as a function of temperature and capacity. FTZ = f ( R1 , T0, T, C ) n (10) R0 is the first order rate dependency factor stored in EDV R0 Factor EE 0x7a-0x7b. T is the current temperature and C is the battery capacity relating to EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. R1 is the second order rate related EDV adjustment factor. R1 is programmed in EDV R1 Rate Factor EE 0x7c-0x7d. T0 is the temperature related adjustment factor. T0 is programmed in EDV T0 Rate Factor EE 0x76-0x77. n n The bq2060 updates FCC if a qualified discharge occurs from a near-full threshold to EDV2. The desired near-full threshold window, NFW (mAh), is programmed in Near Full in EE 0x55. Near Full = NFW 2 (7) FCY is the factor that adjusts for changing cell impedance as the battery pack is cycled. where FCY = f(A0, CycleCount()) (11) EDV Discharge Rate and Temperature Compensation If EDV compensation is enabled, the bq2060 calculates battery voltage to determine EDV0, EDV1, EDV2 as a function of EDV, battery capacity, temperature, and discharge load The general equation for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 calculation is: (8) EDV0,1,2 = EMF FBL - |ILOAD| R0 FTZ FCY where n n A0 is the EDV aging factor that is stored in EDV A0 Factor EE 0x06. Typical values for the EDV compensation factors for a Li-Ion 3s3p 18650 pack are: EMF = 12000 T0 = 2307 C0 = 420 R0 = 3932 R1 = 2185 A0 = 31 The graphs in Figures 6 and 7 show the calculated EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds using the typical compensation values versus capacity for different temperatures and loads for a Li-Ion 3s3p 18650 pack. EMF is a no-load battery voltage that is higher than the highest EDV threshold that is computed. EDV is programmed in mV in EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74-0x75. ILOAD is the current discharge load. n FBL is the factor that adjusts the EDV voltage for battery capacity and temperature to match the no-load characteristics of the battery. FBL = f ( C0, C, T ) where n Overload Current Threshold The Overload Current threshold is a 16-bit value stored in EE 0x46-0x47 in mA units. (9) C is 0%, 3%, or Battery Low % for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2, respectively and C0 is the capacity related EDV adjustment factors. C0 is programmed in EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78-79. T is the current temperature in K Mid Range Capacity Corrections Three voltage-based thresholds, VOC25 EE 0x6c-0x6d, VOC50 EE 0x6e-0x6f, and VOC75 EE 0x70-0x71, are used to test the a ccura cy of the RM b a sed on open-circuit pack voltages. These thresholds are stored in the EEPROM in 2's complement of voltage in mV. The values represent the open-circuit battery voltage at which the battery capacity should correspond to the associated state of charge for each threshold. n Self-Discharge Rate 31 bq2060 Preliminary The nominal self-discharge rate, %PERDAY (% per day), is programmed in an 8-bit value Self-Discharge Rate EE 0x53 by the following relation: point of RelativeStateOfCharge() over Efficiency Drop Off Percentage. EFF% is encoded in High Charge Efficiency EE 0x4d according to the following equation: High Charge Efficiency = 10 (EFF% - 74.5) (14) where (12) 74.5 EFF% 100. ERR% is encoded in Efficiency Reduction Rate EE 0x65 according to the following equation Efficiency Reduction Rate = where 0 ERR% 3.19. The Efficiency Drop Off Percentage is stored in 2's complement of percent. The bq2060 also adjusts the efficiency factors for temperature. TEFF% defines the percent efficiency reduction per degree C over 25C. TEFF% is encoded in Efficiency Temperature Compensation EE 0x63 according to the following equation (16) TEFF% 1.6 Efficiency Temperature Compensation = 0.0125 where 0 TEFF% 1.99. ERR% 0.0125 (15) 52.73 Self - Discharge Rate = 2' s %PERDAY Light Load Current The amount of light load current in mA, ILEAK, used for compensation is stored in Light Discharge Current in EE 0x2b as follows: Light Discharge Current = ILEAK 1024 45 (13) ILEAK is between 0.044 and 11.2mA. Charge Efficiency The bq2060 uses four charge-efficiency factors to compensate for charge acceptance. These factors are coded in High-Charge Efficiency, Efficiency Reduction Rate, Efficiency Drop Off Percentage, and Efficiency Temperature Compensation. The bq2060 applies the efficiency factor, EFF%, when RelativeStateofCharge() is less than the value coded in Efficiency Drop Off Percentage EE 0x64. When RelativeStateOfCharge() is greater than or equal to the value coded in Efficiency Drop Off Percentage, EFF% and ERR% determine the charge efficiency rate. ERR% defines the percent efficiency reduction per percentage Battery Low %= 7%, Load = 500mA 11500 11000 EDV2 Battery Low % =7%, Temperature = 35 C 11500 11000 EDV2 10500 10500 EDV1 Voltage (mV) 10000 9500 9000 45C/500mA 8500 8000 7500 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 % Capacity 20C/500mA Voltage (mV) EDV1 10000 9500 9000 8500 8000 7500 EDV0 35C/500mA 35C/1A 35C/2A 7000 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 % Capacity Figure 6. EDV Calculations vs. Capacity for Various Temperatures Figure 7. EDV Calculations vs. Capacity for Various Loads 32 Preliminary bq2060 The bq2060 applies all four charge-compensation factors when the CHEM bit in Pack Configuration is not set denoting a nickel pack. If CHEM is set denoting a Li-Ion pack, the bq2060 applies only the value coded in High Charge Efficiency and makes no other adjustments for charge acceptance. Charge Suspension During charge, the bq2060 compares the current to the ChargingCurrent() plus the value IOIM. If the pack is charged at a current above the ChargingCurrent() plus IOIM, the bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() set to zero to stop charging. IOIM is programmed in the EEPROM value, Overcurrent Margin, encoded as: Overcurrent Margin = IOIM 16 (18) Charge Limits and Termination Techniques Charging Voltage The 16-bit value, Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b programs the ChargingVoltage() value broadcast to a Smart Charger. It is also sets the base value for determining overvoltage conditions during charging and voltage compliance during a constant-voltage charging methodology. It is stored in mV. Overcurrent Margin EE 0x49 may be used to program IOIM values of 0 to 4080mA in 16mA steps. The desired temperature threshold for charge suspension, MAXTEMP, may be programmed between 45C and 69C in 1.6C steps. MaxT DeltaT EE 0x45 (MSN) is stored in a 4-bit value as shown: MaxT = Int 69 - MAXTEMP + 0.5 1.6 (19) Overvoltage The 8-bit value, Overvoltage Margin EE 0x48, sets the limit over ChargingVoltage() that is to be considered as an overvoltage charge-suspension condition. The voltage in mV above the ChargingVoltage(), VOVM, that should trigger a charge suspend is encoded in Overvoltage Margin as follows: Overvoltage Margin = VOVM is between 0 and 4080mV. VOVM 16 (17) The bq2060 suspends fast charge when fast charge continues past full by the amount programmed in Maximum Overcharge EE 0x2e-0x2f. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in 2's complement form of charge in mAh. FULLY_CHARGED Bit Clear Threshold The bq2060 clears the FULLY_CHARGED bit in BatteryStatus() when RelativeStateOfCharge() reaches the value, Fully Charged Clear % EE 0x4c. Fully Charged Clear % is an 8-bit value and is stored as a 2's complement of percent. Charging Current ChargingCurrent() values are either broadcast to a Level 2 Smart Battery Charger or read from the bq2060 by a Level 3 Smart Battery Charger. The bq2060 sets the value of ChargingCurrent(), depending on the charge requirements and charge conditions of the pack. Wh e n fa s t ch arge is allo we d , t h e bq206 0 sets ChargingCurrent() to the rate programmed in Fast Charging Current EE 0x1a-0x1b. Wh e n fa st ch arge t e r m in at e s, t h e bq2 0 6 0 sets ChargingCurrent() to zero and then to the Maintenance Charging Current EE 0x1c-0x1d when the termination condition ceases. When Voltage() is less than EDV0, the bq2060 sets ChargingCurrent() to Pre-charge Current EE 0x1e-0x1f. Typically this rate is larger than the maintenance rate to charge a deeply depleted pack up to the point where it may be fast charged. Fast Charging Current, Maintenance Charging Current, and Pre-Charge Current are stored in mA. Fast Charge Termination Percentage The bq2060 sets RM to a percentage of FCC on charge termination if the CSYNC bit is set in the Pack Configuration register. The percentage of FCC is stored in Fast Charge Termination % in EE 0x4b. The value is stored in 2's complement of percent. Cycle Count Threshold Cycle Count Threshold 0x3c-0x3d sets the number of mAh that must be removed from the battery to increment CycleCount(). Cycle Count Threshold is a 16-bit value stored in 2's complement of charge in mAh. T/t Rate and Hold-off Programming The T portion of the T/t rate is programmed in DeltaT, the low nibble of MaxT DeltaT EE 0x45 (LSN). The t portion is programmed in DeltaT Time EE 0x4e. 33 bq2060 Preliminary T/t = [DeltaT 2 + 16] / 10 C [2s(DeltaT Time) 20] SEC T (C) 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 (20) Current Taper Threshold = RS i 0.5625 DeltaT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f DeltaT_Time f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff t (s) 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 where i = the desired current termination threshold in mA, and RS = VFC sense resistor in ohms. Pack Options Pack Configuration Pack Configuration EE 0x3f contains bit-programmable features. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 DMODE SEAL CSYNC CEDV VCOR CHEM LCC1 LCC0 DMODE The DMODE bit determines whether the LED outputs will indicate AbsoluteStateOfCharge() or RelativeStateOfCharge() 0 LEDs reflect AbsoluteStateOfCharge() LEDs reflect RelativeStateOfCharge() T/t Hold-off Timer Programming The hold-off timer is programmed in the lower nibble of Holdoff Time EE 0x4f. The hold-off time is 20s times the 2's complement of the Holdoff Time value. 1 SEAL The SEAL bit determines the SMBus access state of the bq2060 on reset 0 1 SMBus commands (0x00-0xff) are accessible for both read and write. SMBus read access is limited to commands (0x00-0x1c), (0x20-0x23), (0x2f), (0x3c-0x3f) and SMBus write access is limited to commands (0x00-0x04). Hold-off Time f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 Hold-off Time (s) 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 Hold-off Time f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff Hold-off Time (s) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 CSYNC In usual operation of the bq2060, the CSYNC bit is set so that the coulomb counter is adjusted when a fast charge termination is detected. In some applications, especially those where an externally controlled charger is used, it may be desirable NOT to adjust the coulomb counter. In these cases the CSYNC bit should be cleared. 0 1 The bq2060 does not alter RM at the time of a valid charge termination The bq2060 sets update RM with a programmed percentage of FCC. Current Taper Termination Characteristics Two factors in the EEPROM set the current taper termination for Li-Ion battery packs. The two coded locations are Current Taper Qual Voltage EE 0x4f and Current Taper Threshold EE 0x4e. Current taper termination occurs during charging when the pack voltage is above the charging voltage minus CELLV (mV) and the charging current is below the threshold coded in Current Taper Threshold for at least 40s. Current Taper Qual Voltage = CELLV 2 (21) CEDV The CEDV bit determines whether the bq2060 implements automatic EDV compensation to calculate the EDV0, EDV1 and EDV2 thresholds base on rate, temperature, and capacity. If reset, the bq2060 uses the val- 34 Preliminary bq2060 ues programmed in EEPROM for EDV0, EDV1 and EDV2. If set the bq2060 calculates EDV0, EDV1 and EDV2. 0 1 EDV compensation disabled EDV compensation enabled Remaining Time and Capacity Alarms Remaining Time Alarm in EE 0x02-0x03 and Remaining Capacity Alarm in 0x04-0x05set the alarm thresholds used in the SMBus command codes 0x01 and 0x02, respectively. Remaining Time Alarm is stored in minutes and Remaining Capacity Alarm in mAh. VCOR The VCOR bit enables the mid range voltage correction algorithm. When set, the bq2060 compares the pack voltage to RM and may adjust RM according to the values programmed in VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. 0 1 Mid-range corrections disabled Mid-range corrections enabled Secondary Protection Limits for Li-Ion The cell undervoltage (VUV) and overvoltage (VOV) limits are programmed in Cell Under Voltage/Over Voltage EE 0x4a according to the equations: Cell Under/OverVoltage (lower) = Cell Under/OverVoltage (upper) = VOV - 4096 (22) 32 VUV - 2048 64 CHEM The CHEM bit configures the bq2060 for nickel packs (NiCD or NiMH) or Li-Ion packs. When set the bq2060 employs the configuration parameters in EEPROM designated for Li-Ion. When not set, the bq2060 employs the configuration parameters designated for nickel. 0 1 The bq2060 uses nickel configuration parameters The bq2060 uses Li-Ion configuration parameters LCC0 and LCC1 The LCC0 and LCC1 bits configure the cell voltage inputs (VCELL1-4). No. of Series Cells NA 2 3 Cell Voltage LCC1 LCC0 Inputs 00 VCELL4 = Cell Stack VCELL1 = Cell 1 01 VCELL2 = Cell 2 VCELL1 = Cell 1 VCELL2 = Cell 2 10 VCELL3 = Cell 3 VCELL1 = Cell 1 VCELL2 = Cell 2 11 VCELL3 = Cell 3 VCELL4 = Cell 4 Cell Under/Over Voltage (upper nibble) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f VUV (mV) 2048 2112 2176 2240 2304 2368 2432 2496 2560 2624 2688 2752 2816 2880 2944 3008 Cell Under/Over Voltage (lower nibble) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f VOV (mV) 4096 4128 4160 4192 4224 4256 4288 4320 4352 4384 4416 4448 4480 4512 4544 4576 4 Cycle Count Initialization Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f stores the initial value for the CycleCount() function. It should be programmed to 0x0000. For Li-Ion packs with individual measurements, LCC0 and LCC1 define the number of series elements and their voltage measurement inputs. In each case (2, 3, or 4), the bq2060 uses the highest numbered cell voltage input to measure the pack voltage measurement as returned with Voltage(). For nickel chemistries or Li-Ion without single-cell measurements, LCC0 and LCC1 must be set to 00. VCELL4 is the pack voltage input for this programming. Operating Mode Control Mode EE0x51 contains additional bit programmable features. b7 NDF b6 b5 HPE b4 CPE b3 LED b2 SC b1 b0 SM 35 bq2060 Preliminary NDF The NDF bit disables the digital filter during discharge if the SMBC and SMBD lines are high. 0 1 Digital filter enabled all the time Digital filter disabled if SMBC and SMBD are high to correct for variances in the ADC gain and the internal voltage reference. For nickel chemistries or Li-Ion without individual cell measurements, the bq2060 calibrates VCELL4 and Voltage() with the 16-bit ADC Voltage Gain parameter in EE 0x66-0x67 according to the equation: VCELL4 (mV) = (23) HPE The HPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery host for master mode alarm messages. 0 1 No PEC byte on alarm warning to host PEC byte on alarm warning to host [ADC Reading ADC Voltage Gain 2] 65535 The nominal setting for ADC Voltage Gain is 20,000 for a 16:1 divider on VCELL4. For Li-Ion with individual cell measurements, the bq2060 uses three additional factors to calibrate VCELL1-4 and Voltage(): Cell 2 Calibration Factor in EE 0x63, Cell 3 Calibration Factor in EE 0x64, and Cell 4 Calibration Factor in EE 0x65. To calibrate VCELL1, the bq2060 uses the factor stored in ADC Voltage Gain according to the equation (24) VCELL1 (mV) = [ADC Reading ADC Voltage Gain ] 65535 To calibrate VCELL2, VCELL3, and VCELL4, the bq2060 uses the additional factors Cell 2 Calibration Factor, Cell 3 Calibration Factor, and Cell 4 Calibration Factor respectively according to the equations (25) VCELL3-4 (mV) = ADC Reading (ADC Voltage Gain + Cell 3-4 Calibration Factor 8) 2/65536 VCELL2 (mV) = ADC Reading (ADC Voltage Gain + Cell 2 Calibration Factor 8) /65536 The nominal setting for ADC Voltage Gain is 20,000 for a 16:1 divider on VCELL 3-4 and an 8:1 divider on VCELL2-3. ADC Reading is the converted voltage at the VCELL1-4 inputs with a range of 0-32,767. (26) VCELL1 - 4 (mV) 32768 ADC Reading = + ADC Offset 1250 An additional factor ADC Offset in EE 0x62 adjusts the ADC offset for voltage and current measurements. ADC Offset is a signed 8-bit value that cancels offset present in the circuit with no potential or current flow. ADC Offset is typically set between -10 and 10. CPE The CPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery Charger for master mode alarm messages. 0 1 No PEC byte on alarm warning to charge PEC byte on alarm warning to charger LED The LED bit configures the bq2060 for 4 or 5 LED indication 0 1 Selects the 5 LED indication mode Selects the 4 LED indication mode SC The SC bit enables learning cycle optimization for a Smart Charger or independent charge 0 1 Learning cycle otpimized for independent charger Learning cycle optimized for Smart Charger SM The SM bit enables/disables master mode broadcasts by the bq2060 0 1 Broadcasts to host and charger enabled Broadcasts to host and charger disabled If th e S B bit is s e t , mo d if icat io n s t o b i ts i n BatteryMode() will not re-enable broadcasts. Measurement Calibration ADC The reported voltage measurements, Voltage() and VCELL1-4, may be calibrated by adjusting the 16-bit factor in EEPROM. The bq2060 uses these parameters 36 Preliminary bq2060 The bq2060 subtracts the sense resistor voltage from the VCELL4 calculation to calculate Voltage(). In the case of individual cell monitoring, the bq2060 computes VCELL4-1 by subtracting node voltages. For example VCELL4 = VCELL4 - VCELL3, VCELL3 = VCELL3 - VCELL2, etc. Constants and String Data EEPROM Constants Check/Byte 1 EE 0x00-0x01 and Check Byte 2 EE 0x7e-0x7f must be programmed to 0x3c7f and 0xa55a, respectively. Current The bq2060 scales Current() to mA units by the 16-bit value ADC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x68-0x69. Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides a method to calibrate the current readings for variances in the ADC gain, internal voltage reference, and sense resistor value. The bq2060 calculates Current() by (27) Current() = [(ADC Reading + ADC Offset) ADC Sense Resistor Gain] 16,384 Specification Information Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15 stores the default value for the SpecificationInfo() function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the SepcificationInfo(). Manufacture Date Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17 stores the default value for the ManufactureDate() function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the ManufactureDate(). Serial Number The nominal value for ADC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (3). Serial Number EE 0x18-0x19 stores the default value for the SerialNumber() function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the SerialNumber(). VFC To calibrate the coulomb counting measurement for system errors and sense resistor error, the value of VFC Sense Resistor Gain EE 0x6a-0x6b may be adjusted from its nominal value. The nominal value of VFC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (4). The bq2060 VFC circuit has the ability to introduce a signal opposite in sign as the inherent device and circuit offset to cancel this error. The offset calibration routine is initiated with commands to ManufacturerAccess(). The bq2060 calculates the offset with the calibration routine and stores the calibration value in VFC Offset in EE 0x5e-0x60. Manufacturer Name Data Manufacturer Name Length EE 0x20 stores the length of the desi red stri ng tha t i s returned b y the ManufacturerName() function. Locations EE 0x21-0x2a store the characters for ManufacturerName() in ASCII code. Device Name Data Device Name Length EE 0x30 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceName() function. Locations EE 0x31-0x37 store the characters for DeviceName() in ASCII code. Device Chemistry Data Device Chemistry Length EE 0x40 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceChemistry() function. Locations EE 0x41-0x44 store the characters for DeviceChemistry() in ASCII code. Temperature The bq2060 uses Temperature Offset in EE 0x61 to calibrate the Temperature() function for offset. The required offset adjustment, TOFF (C), sets Temperature Offset according to the equation Temperature Offset = TOFF * 10 where -12.8 TOFF 12.7 (28) Manufacturers Data Length Manufacturers Data Length EE 0x50 stores the length of the desired number of bytes that is returned by the ManufacturersData() function. It should be set to 7. 37 Preliminary bq2060 Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol VIN-All other pins TOPR Note: Parameter Relative to VSS Operating temperature Minimum -0.3 -0.3 -20 Maximum +6.0 +6.0 +70 Unit V V C Commercial Notes VCC--Supply voltage Relative to VSS Permanent device damage may occur if Absolute Maximum Ratings are exceeded. Functional operation should be limited to the Recommended DC Operating Conditions detailed in this data sheet. Exposure to conditions beyond the operational limits for extended periods of time may affect device reliability. DC Electrical Characteristics Symbol VCC ICC ISLP ILVOUT IVOUT IOLS VIL VIH VOL VILS VIHS VSR VSROS VAI IRB Parameter Supply voltage Operating current Sleep current VOUT leakage current VOUT source current Sink current: LED1-LED5, CFC, DFC, THON, CVON Input voltage low DISP Input voltage high DISP Output voltage low SMBC, SMBD Input voltage low SMBC, SMBD Input voltage high SMBC, SMBD Input voltage range, VSR2 and VSR1 VSR input offset Input voltage range VCELL1-4, VTH RBI data-retention input current VRBI > 3.0V, VCC < 2.0V VSR = VSR2 - VSR1 VSR2 = VSR1, auto-correction disabled IOL = 1.0mA -0.3 1.7 -0.3 -500 VSS - 0.3 10 -50 VOUT inactive 1.5V < VCC < 3.7V VOUT inactive VOUT active, VOUT = VCC - 0.6V VOLS = 0.4V -0.3 2.0 -0.2 -5.0 10 0.8 VCC + 0.3 0.4 0.8 VCC + 0.3 +0.3 500 VCC + 0.3 50 Conditions Minimum Typical 2.7 3.3 135 5 Maximum 3.7 TBD 10 0.2 Unit V A A A mA mA V V V V V V V V nA 38 bq2060 Preliminary VFC Characteristics Symbol VSR VSROS Parameter Input voltage range, VSR2 and VSR1 VSR input offset Gain Supply voltage gain coefficient Temperature gain coefficient INR INL Compensated offset Voltage offset drift Temperature offset drift TBD Conditions VSR = VSR2 - VSR1 VSR2 = VSR1, auto-correction disabled Minimum Typical -0.3 -500 -50 88.89 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Maximum +0.3 500 Unit V V Hz/V %/V %/C % % V V/V V/C REG Characteristics Symbol VRO IREG Parameter REG controlled output voltage REG output current Conditions JFET: Rds(on) < 150 Vgs (off) < -3.0V @ 10A Minimum Typical 3.1 1.0 3.3 Maximum 3.5 Unit V A 39 Preliminary bq2060 SMBus AC Specifications (TA = TOPR, 2.9V < VCC < 3.7V unless otherwise noted) Symbol FSMB FMAS TBUF THD:STA TSU:STA TSU:STO THD:DAT TSU:DAT TTIMEOUT TLOW THIGH TLOW:SEXT TLOW:MEXT Notes: Parameter SMBus operating frequency SMBus master clock frequency Bus free time between start and stop Hold time after (repeated) start Repeated start setup time Stop setup time Data hold time Data setup time Error signal/detect Clock low period Clock high period Cumulative clock low slave extend time Cumulative clock low master extend time Conditions Slave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycle Master mode, no clock low slave extend Min. 10 4.7 4.0 4.7 4.0 0 300 250 25 4.7 4.0 Typ. 51.2 Max. 100 Unit kHz kHz s s s s ns ns ns ms s s ms ms Receive mode Transmit mode See Note 1 See Note 2 See Note 3 See Note 4 35 80 25 10 1. The bq2060 will time-out when any clock low exceeds TTIMEOUT. 2. THIGH Max. is minimum bus idle time. SMBC = SMBD = "1" for t > 80s will cause reset of any transaction involving bq2060 that is in progress. 3. TLOW:SEXT is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop. The bq2060 typically extends the clock only 20s as a slave in the read byte or write byte protocol. 4. TLOW:MEXT is the cumulative time a master device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop. The bq2060 typically extends the clock only 20s as a master in the read byte or write byte protocol. HDQ16 AC Specifications (TA = TOPR, 2.9V < VCC < 3.7V unless otherwise noted) Symbol tCYCH tCYCB tSTRH tSTRB tDSU tDSUB tDH tDV tSSU tSSUB tRSPS tB tBR Parameter Cycle time, host to bq2060 (write) Cycle time, bq2060 to host (read) Start hold time, host to bq2060 (write) Start hold time, host to bq2060 (read) Data setup time Data setup time Data hold time Data valid time Stop setup time Stop setup time Response time, bq2060 to host Break time Break recovery time Conditions Min. 190 190 5 32 90 320 190 40 Typ. 205 Max. 250 50 50 80 145 95 Unit s s ns s s s s s s s s s s 40 bq2060 Preliminary SMBus Timing Data tR SMBC tSU:STA tHD:STA tSU:STO SMBD tBUF tLOW tSU:DAT tF tHIGH tHD:DAT TD294501.eps 41 Preliminary bq2060 HDQ16 Break Timing tB tBR TD201803.eps HDQ16 Host to bq2060 Write "1" Write "0" tSTRH tDSU tDH tSSU tCYCH HDQ16 bq2060 to Host Read "1" Read "0" tSTRB tDSUB tDV tSSUB tCYCB 42 bq2060 Preliminary 28-Pin SSOP (SS) 28-Pin SSOP Dimension A A1 B C D E e H L Millimeters Minimum Maximum 1.55 1.73 0.10 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.15 0.25 9.81 9.98 3.81 3.39 0.635 BSC 5.84 6.20 0.41 1.27 Inches Minimum Maximum 0.061 0.068 0.004 0.010 0.008 0.012 0.006 0.010 0.386 0.393 0.150 0.157 0.025 BSC 0.230 0.244 0.016 0.050 e D B E H C L A A1 .004 Ordering Information bq2060 Temperature Range: blank = Commercial (0 to 70C) Package Option: SS = 28-pin SSOP Device: bq2060 SBS v1.1-Compliant Gas Gauge IC 43 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI's publication of information regarding any third party's products or services does not constitute TI's approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright (c) 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated |
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