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PIC12F683 Data Sheet
8-Pin Flash-Based, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable."
*
* *
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
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Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, Linear Active Thermistor, Migratable Memory, MXDEV, MXLAB, PS logo, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total Endurance, UNI/O, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2007, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona, Gresham, Oregon and Mountain View, California. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
DS41211D-page ii
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
8-Pin Flash-Based, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology
High-Performance RISC CPU:
* Only 35 instructions to learn: - All single-cycle instructions except branches * Operating speed: - DC - 20 MHz oscillator/clock input - DC - 200 ns instruction cycle * Interrupt capability * 8-level deep hardware stack * Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes
Low-Power Features:
* Standby Current: - 50 nA @ 2.0V, typical * Operating Current: - 11 A @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical - 220 A @ 4 MHz, 2.0V, typical * Watchdog Timer Current: - 1 A @ 2.0V, typical
Peripheral Features: Special Microcontroller Features:
* Precision Internal Oscillator: - Factory calibrated to 1%, typical - Software selectable frequency range of 8 MHz to 125 kHz - Software tunable - Two-Speed Start-up mode - Crystal fail detect for critical applications - Clock mode switching during operation for power savings * Power-Saving Sleep mode * Wide operating voltage range (2.0V-5.5V) * Industrial and Extended temperature range * Power-on Reset (POR) * Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) * Brown-out Reset (BOR) with software control option * Enhanced Low-Current Watchdog Timer (WDT) with on-chip oscillator (software selectable nominal 268 seconds with full prescaler) with software enable * Multiplexed Master Clear with pull-up/input pin * Programmable code protection * High Endurance Flash/EEPROM cell: - 100,000 write Flash endurance - 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance - Flash/Data EEPROM Retention: > 40 years * 6 I/O pins with individual direction control: - High current source/sink for direct LED drive - Interrupt-on-pin change - Individually programmable weak pull-ups - Ultra Low-Power Wake-up on GP0 * Analog Comparator module with: - One analog comparator - Programmable on-chip voltage reference (CVREF) module (% of VDD) - Comparator inputs and output externally accessible * A/D Converter: - 10-bit resolution and 4 channels * Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit programmable prescaler * Enhanced Timer1: - 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler - External Timer1 Gate (count enable) - Option to use OSC1 and OSC2 in LP mode as Timer1 oscillator if INTOSC mode selected * Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler * Capture, Compare, PWM module: - 16-bit Capture, max resolution 12.5 ns - Compare, max resolution 200 ns - 10-bit PWM, max frequency 20 kHz * In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) via two pins
Timers 8/16-bit 2/1
Program Memory Device Flash (words) PIC12F683 2048
Data Memory I/O SRAM (bytes) 128 EEPROM (bytes) 256 6 4 1 10-bit A/D (ch) Comparators
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 1
PIC12F683
8-Pin Diagram (PDIP, SOIC)
VDD GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT GP3/MCLR/VPP 1 2 3 4 PIC12F683 8 7 6 5 VSS GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT/CCP1
8-Pin Diagram (DFN)
VDD GP5/TICKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP4/AN3/TIG/OSC2/CLKOUT GP3/MCLR/VPP
1 2 PIC12F683 3 4
8 7 6 5
VSS GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT/CCP1
8-Pin Diagram (DFN-S)
VDD GP5/TICKI/OSC1/CLKIN GP4/AN3/TIG/OSC2/CLKOUT GP3/MCLR/VPP
1 2 PIC12F683 3 4
8 7 6 5
VSS GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT/CCP1
TABLE 1:
I/O GP0 GP1 GP2 GP3(1) GP4 GP5 -- -- Note 1: 2: Pin 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8
8-PIN SUMMARY
Analog AN0 AN1/VREF AN2 -- AN3 -- -- -- Comparators CIN+ CINCOUT -- -- -- -- -- Timer -- -- T0CKI -- T1G T1CKI -- -- CCP -- -- CCP1 -- -- -- -- -- Interrupts IOC IOC INT/IOC IOC IOC IOC -- -- Pull-ups Y Y Y Y(2) Y Y -- -- Basic ICSPDAT/ULPWU ICSPCLK -- MCLR/VPP OSC2/CLKOUT OSC1/CLKIN VDD VSS
Input only. Only when pin is configured for external MCLR.
DS41211D-page 2
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.0 Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)....................................................................................................................... 19 4.0 GPIO Port................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 5.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41 6.0 Timer1 Module with Gate Control............................................................................................................................................... 44 7.0 Timer2 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 49 8.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................... 51 9.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module ................................................................................................................................ 61 10.0 Data EEPROM Memory ............................................................................................................................................................. 71 11.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module ..................................................................................................................................... 75 12.0 Special Features of the CPU...................................................................................................................................................... 83 13.0 Instruction Set Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 101 14.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 111 15.0 Electrical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 115 16.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables....................................................................................................................... 137 17.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 159 Appendix A: Data Sheet Revision History.......................................................................................................................................... 165 Appendix B: Migrating From Other PIC(R) Devices ............................................................................................................................. 165 The Microchip Web Site ..................................................................................................................................................................... 171 Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 171 Customer Support .............................................................................................................................................................................. 171 Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 172 Product Identification System ............................................................................................................................................................ 173
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Errata
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(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 3
PIC12F683
NOTES:
DS41211D-page 4
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW
The PIC12F683 is covered by this data sheet. It is available in 8-pin PDIP, SOIC and DFN-S packages. Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the PIC12F683 device. Table 1-1 shows the pinout description.
FIGURE 1-1:
PIC12F683 BLOCK DIAGRAM
INT Configuration 13 Program Counter Flash 2k x 14 Program Memory Data Bus 8 GP0 GP1 8-Level Stack (13-bit) RAM 128 bytes File Registers RAM Addr 9 Addr MUX Direct Addr 7 Indirect Addr GP2 GP3 GP4 GP5
Program Bus
14 Instruction Reg
8
FSR Reg STATUS Reg 8
3 Power-up Timer Instruction Decode & Control Oscillator Start-up Timer Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer Brown-out Reset Internal Oscillator Block 8 W Reg
MUX
ALU
OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT
Timing Generation
CCP1 T1G T1CKI Timer0 T0CKI Timer1 Timer2 CCP MCLR VDD VSS
Analog-to-Digital Converter
1 Analog Comparator 8
EEDATA 256 bytes Data EEPROM EEADDR
VREF
AN0 AN1 AN2 AN3
CVREF
CIN-
CIN+
COUT
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 5
PIC12F683
TABLE 1-1: PIC12F683 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
Name VDD GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN Function VDD GP5 T1CKI OSC1 CLKIN GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT GP4 AN3 T1G OSC2 CLKOUT GP3/MCLR/VPP GP3 MCLR VPP GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT/CCP1 GP2 AN2 T0CKI INT COUT CCP1 GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK GP1 AN1 CINVREF ICSPCLK GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU GP0 AN0 CIN+ ICSPDAT ULPWU VSS Legend: VSS AN = Analog input or output TTL = TTL compatible input HV = High Voltage Input Type Power TTL ST XTAL ST TTL AN ST -- -- TTL ST HV ST AN ST ST -- ST TTL AN AN AN ST TTL AN AN ST AN Power Output Type -- CMOS -- -- -- CMOS -- -- XTAL CMOS -- -- -- CMOS -- -- -- CMOS CMOS CMOS -- -- -- -- CMOS -- -- CMOS -- -- Positive supply GPIO I/O with prog. pull-up and interrupt-on-change Timer1 clock Crystal/Resonator External clock input/RC oscillator connection GPIO I/O with prog. pull-up and interrupt-on-change A/D Channel 3 input Timer1 gate Crystal/Resonator FOSC/4 output GPIO input with interrupt-on-change Master Clear with internal pull-up Programming voltage GPIO I/O with prog. pull-up and interrupt-on-change A/D Channel 2 input Timer0 clock input External Interrupt Comparator 1 output Capture input/Compare output/PWM output GPIO I/O with prog. pull-up and interrupt-on-change A/D Channel 1 input Comparator 1 input External Voltage Reference for A/D Serial Programming Clock GPIO I/O with prog. pull-up and interrupt-on-change A/D Channel 0 input Comparator 1 input Serial Programming Data I/O Ultra Low-Power Wake-up input Ground reference Description
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels XTAL = Crystal
DS41211D-page 6
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
2.0
2.1
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
Program Memory Organization
2.2
Data Memory Organization
The PIC12F683 has a 13-bit program counter capable of addressing an 8k x 14 program memory space. Only the first 2k x 14 (0000h-07FFh) for the PIC12F683 is physically implemented. Accessing a location above these boundaries will cause a wraparound within the first 2K x 14 space. The Reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h (see Figure 2-1).
FIGURE 2-1:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE PIC12F683
PC<12:0>
The data memory (see Figure 2-2) is partitioned into two banks, which contain the General Purpose Registers (GPR) and the Special Function Registers (SFR). The Special Function Registers are located in the first 32 locations of each bank. Register locations 20h-7Fh in Bank 0 and A0h-BFh in Bank 1 are General Purpose Registers, implemented as static RAM. Register locations F0h-FFh in Bank 1 point to addresses 70h-7Fh in Bank 0. All other RAM is unimplemented and returns `0' when read. RP0 of the STATUS register is the bank select bit. RP0 0 1 Bank 0 is selected Bank 1 is selected
CALL, RETURN RETFIE, RETLW
13
Note:
Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2
The IRP and RP1 bits of the STATUS register are reserved and should always be maintained as `0's.
Stack Level 8 Reset Vector
0000h
Interrupt Vector
0004h 0005h
On-chip Program Memory 07FFh 0800h Wraps to 0000h-07FFh 1FFFh
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 7
PIC12F683
2.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE FIGURE 2-2: DATA MEMORY MAP OF THE PIC12F683
File Address Indirect addr.(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h PCLATH INTCON PIR1 TMR1L TMR1H T1CON TMR2 T2CON CCPR1L CCPR1H CCP1CON 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h WDTCON CMCON0 CMCON1 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh ADRESH ADCON0 1Eh 1Fh 20h VRCON EEDAT EEADR EECON1 EECON2(1) ADRESL ANSEL General Purpose Registers 32 Bytes WPU IOC PR2 PCON OSCCON OSCTUNE PCLATH INTCON PIE1 Indirect addr.(1) OPTION_REG PCL STATUS FSR TRISIO File Address 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
The register file is organized as 128 x 8 in the PIC12F683. Each register is accessed, either directly or indirectly, through the File Select Register FSR (see Section 2.4 "Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers").
2.2.2
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral functions for controlling the desired operation of the device (see Table 2-1). These registers are static RAM. The special registers can be classified into two sets: core and peripheral. The Special Function Registers associated with the "core" are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section of that peripheral feature.
General Purpose Registers 96 Bytes
BFh C0h
Accesses 70h-7Fh 7Fh BANK 0 BANK 1
EFh F0h FFh
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as `0'. Note 1: Not a physical register.
DS41211D-page 8
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 2-1:
Addr Bank 0 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO -- -- -- -- PCLATH INTCON PIR1 -- TMR1L TMR1H T1CON TMR2 T2CON CCPR1L CCPR1H CCP1CON -- -- WDTCON CMCON0 CMCON1 -- -- -- ADRESH ADCON0 Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) xxxx xxxx 17, 90 Timer0 Module Register Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte IRP(1) -- RP1(1) -- RP0 GP5 TO GP4 PD GP3 Z GP2 DC GP1 C GP0 Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented -- GIE EEIF -- PEIE ADIF -- T0IE CCP1IF Write Buffer for upper 5 bits of Program Counter INTE -- GPIE CMIF T0IF OSFIF INTF TMR2IF GPIF xxxx xxxx 41, 90 0000 0000 17, 90 0001 1xxx 11, 90 xxxx xxxx 17, 90 --xx xxxx 31, 90 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Name
PIC12F683 SPECIAL REGISTERS SUMMARY BANK 0
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Page
---0 0000 17, 90 0000 0000 13, 90 -- --
TMR1IF 000- 0000 15, 90 xxxx xxxx 44, 90 xxxx xxxx 44, 90
Unimplemented Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 T1GINV -- TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS Timer2 Module Register Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte -- -- DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 Unimplemented Unimplemented -- -- -- -- COUT -- -- -- -- WDTPS3 CINV -- WDTPS2 CIS -- WDTPS1 CM2 -- WDTPS0 CM1 T1GSS CM0
TMR1ON 0000 0000 47, 90 0000 0000 49, 90 xxxx xxxx 76, 90 xxxx xxxx 76, 90 CCP1M0 --00 0000 75, 90 -- -- -- --
TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 50, 90
SWDTEN ---0 1000 97, 90 -0-0 0000 56, 90 -- -- -- -- -- -- CMSYNC ---- --10 57, 90
Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Most Significant 8 bits of the left shifted A/D result or 2 bits of right shifted result ADFM VCFG -- -- CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON
xxxx xxxx 61,90 00-- 0000 65,90
Legend: Note 1:
- = unimplemented locations read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown, q = value depends on condition, shaded = unimplemented IRP and RP1 bits are reserved, always maintain these bits clear.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 9
PIC12F683
TABLE 2-2:
Addr Bank 1 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh IOC -- -- VRCON EEDAT EEADR PR2 -- -- WPU(3) INDF OPTION_REG PCL STATUS FSR TRISIO -- -- -- -- PCLATH INTCON -- PCON OSCCON OSCTUNE -- Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) xxxx xxxx 17, 90 GPPU IRP(1) -- INTEDG RP1(1) -- T0CS RP0 TRISIO5 T0SE TO TRISIO4 PSA PD TRISIO3 PS2 Z TRISIO2 PS1 DC TRISIO1 PS0 C 1111 1111 12, 90 0000 0000 17, 90 0001 1xxx 11, 90 xxxx xxxx 17, 90 TRISIO0 --11 1111 32, 90 -- -- -- -- -- T0IE CCP1IE Write Buffer for upper 5 bits of Program Counter INTE -- GPIE CMIE -- OSTS(2) TUN3 T0IF OSFIE -- HTS TUN2 INTF TMR2IE POR LTS TUN1 GPIF -- -- -- -- Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented Unimplemented -- GIE EEIE -- -- -- -- PEIE ADIE -- IRCF2 -- Name
PIC12F683 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS SUMMARY BANK 1
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR Page
---0 0000 17, 90 0000 0000 13, 90 -- --
8Ch PIE1
TMR1IE 000- 0000 14, 90 BOR SCS TUN0 --01 --qq 16, 90 -110 x000 20, 90 ---0 0000 24, 90 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1111 1111 49, 90
Unimplemented ULPWUE SBOREN IRCF1 -- IRCF0 TUN4
Unimplemented Timer2 Module Period Register Unimplemented Unimplemented -- -- -- -- WPU5 IOC5 WPU4 IOC4 -- IOC3 WPU2 IOC2 WPU1 IOC1 WPU0 IOC0
--11 -111 34, 90 --00 0000 34, 90 -- -- -- --
Unimplemented Unimplemented VREN EEDAT7 EEADR7 -- -- EEDAT6 EEADR6 -- VRR EEDAT5 EEADR5 -- -- EEDAT4 EEADR4 -- VR3 EEDAT3 EEADR3 WRERR VR2 EEDAT2 EEADR2 WREN VR1 EEDAT1 EEADR1 WR VR0
0-0- 0000 58, 90
EEDAT0 0000 0000 71, 90 EEADR0 0000 0000 71, 90 RD ---- x000 72, 91 ---- ---- 72, 91 xxxx xxxx 66, 91 ANS0 -000 1111 33, 91
9Ch EECON1 9Dh EECON2 9Eh 9Fh ADRESL ANSEL
EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) Least Significant 2 bits of the left shifted result or 8 bits of the right shifted result -- ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 ANS3 ANS2 ANS1
Legend: Note 1: 2: 3:
- = unimplemented locations read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown, q = value depends on condition, shaded = unimplemented IRP and RP1 bits are reserved, always maintain these bits clear. OSTS bit of the OSCCON register reset to `0' with Dual Speed Start-up and LP, HS or XT selected as the oscillator. GP3 pull-up is enabled when MCLRE is `1' in the Configuration Word register.
DS41211D-page 10
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
2.2.2.1 STATUS Register
The STATUS register, shown in Register 2-1, contains: * Arithmetic status of the ALU * Reset status * Bank select bits for data memory (SRAM) The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, like any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS, will clear the upper three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because these instructions do not affect any Status bits. For other instructions not affecting any Status bits, see the "Instruction Set Summary". Note 1: Bits IRP and RP1 of the STATUS register are not used by the PIC12F683 and should be maintained as clear. Use of these bits is not recommended, since this may affect upward compatibility with future products. 2: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow and Digit Borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction.
REGISTER 2-1:
Reserved IRP bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5
STATUS: STATUS REGISTER
Reserved RP1 R/W-0 RP0 R-1 TO R-1 PD R/W-x Z R/W-x DC R/W-x C bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
IRP: This bit is reserved and should be maintained as `0' RP1: This bit is reserved and should be maintained as `0' RP0: Register Bank Select bit (used for direct addressing) 1 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh) 0 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh) TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions), For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. 1 = A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result C: Carry/Borrow bit(1) (ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW, SUBWF instructions) 1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two's complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high-order or low-order bit of the source register.
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Note 1:
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 11
PIC12F683
2.2.2.2 OPTION Register
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for Timer0, assign the prescaler to the WDT by setting PSA bit of the OPTION register to `1' See Section 5.1.3 "Software Programmable Prescaler". The OPTION register is a readable and writable register, which contains various control bits to configure: * * * * TMR0/WDT prescaler External GP2/INT interrupt TMR0 Weak pull-ups on GPIO
REGISTER 2-2:
R/W-1 GPPU bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
OPTION_REG: OPTION REGISTER
R/W-1 INTEDG R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 PS2 R/W-1 PS1 R/W-1 PS0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
GPPU: GPIO Pull-up Enable bit 1 = GPIO pull-ups are disabled 0 = GPIO pull-ups are enabled by individual PORT latch values in WPU register INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge of INT pin 0 = Interrupt on falling edge of INT pin T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (FOSC/4) T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
BIT VALUE 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 TIMER0 RATE WDT RATE 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Note 1:
A dedicated 16-bit WDT postscaler is available. See Section 12.6 "Watchdog Timer (WDT)" for more information.
DS41211D-page 12
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
2.2.2.3 INTCON Register
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, which contains the various enable and flag bits for TMR0 register overflow, GPIO change and external GP2/INT pin interrupts.
REGISTER 2-3:
R/W-0 GIE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 PEIE R/W-0 T0IE R/W-0 INTE R/W-0 GPIE R/W-0 T0IF R/W-0 INTF R/W-0 GPIF bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts 0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts T0IE: Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the Timer0 interrupt 0 = Disables the Timer0 interrupt INTE: GP2/INT External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the GP2/INT external interrupt 0 = Disables the GP2/INT external interrupt GPIE: GPIO Change Interrupt Enable bit(1) 1 = Enables the GPIO change interrupt 0 = Disables the GPIO change interrupt T0IF: Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit(2) 1 = Timer0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = Timer0 register did not overflow INTF: GP2/INT External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The GP2/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = The GP2/INT external interrupt did not occur GPIF: GPIO Change Interrupt Flag bit 1 = When at least one of the GPIO <5:0> pins changed state (must be cleared in software) 0 = None of the GPIO <5:0> pins have changed state IOC register must also be enabled. T0IF bit is set when TMR0 rolls over. TMR0 is unchanged on Reset and should be initialized before clearing T0IF bit.
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Note 1: 2:
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 13
PIC12F683
2.2.2.4 PIE1 Register
Note: Bit PEIE of the INTCON register must be set to enable any peripheral interrupt. The PIE1 register contains the interrupt enable bits, as shown in Register 2-4.
REGISTER 2-4:
R/W-0 EEIE bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1
R/W-0 ADIE R/W-0 CCP1IE U-0 -- R/W-0 CMIE R/W-0 OSFIE R/W-0 TMR2IE R/W-0 TMR1IE bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
EEIE: EE Write Complete Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the EE write complete interrupt 0 = Disables the EE write complete interrupt ADIE: A/D Converter (ADC) Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the ADC interrupt 0 = Disables the ADC interrupt CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt 0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt Unimplemented: Read as `0' CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the Comparator 1 interrupt 0 = Disables the Comparator 1 interrupt OSFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the oscillator fail interrupt 0 = Disables the oscillator fail interrupt TMR2IE: Timer2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the Timer2 to PR2 match interrupt 0 = Disables the Timer2 to PR2 match interrupt TMR1IE: Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the Timer1 overflow interrupt 0 = Disables the Timer1 overflow interrupt
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4 bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
DS41211D-page 14
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
2.2.2.5 PIR1 Register
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. The PIR1 register contains the interrupt flag bits, as shown in Register 2-5.
REGISTER 2-5:
R/W-0 EEIF bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST REGISTER 1
R/W-0 ADIF R/W-0 CCP1IF U-0 -- R/W-0 CMIF R/W-0 OSFIF R/W-0 TMR2IF R/W-0 TMR1IF bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
EEIF: EEPROM Write Operation Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The write operation completed (must be cleared in software) 0 = The write operation has not completed or has not been started ADIF: A/D Interrupt Flag bit 1 = A/D conversion complete 0 = A/D conversion has not completed or has not been started CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit Capture mode: 1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred Compare mode: 1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred PWM mode: Unused in this mode Unimplemented: Read as `0' CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator 1 output has changed (must be cleared in software) 0 = Comparator 1 output has not changed OSFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit 1 = System oscillator failed, clock input has changed to INTOSC (must be cleared in software) 0 = System clock operating TMR2IF: Timer2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Timer2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = Timer2 to PR2 match has not occurred TMR1IF: Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Timer1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = Timer1 has not overflowed
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4 bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 15
PIC12F683
2.2.2.6 PCON Register
The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits (see Table 12-2) to differentiate between a: * * * * Power-on Reset (POR) Brown-out Reset (BOR) Watchdog Timer Reset (WDT) External MCLR Reset
The PCON register also controls the Ultra Low-Power Wake-up and software enable of the BOR. The PCON register bits are shown in Register 2-6.
REGISTER 2-6:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5
PCON: POWER CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-0 ULPWUE R/W-1 SBOREN U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 POR R/W-x BOR bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' ULPWUE: Ultra Low-Power Wake-Up Enable bit 1 = Ultra Low-Power Wake-up enabled 0 = Ultra Low-Power Wake-up disabled SBOREN: Software BOR Enable bit(1) 1 = BOR enabled 0 = BOR disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' POR: Power-on Reset Status bit 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit 1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred 0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset or Brown-out Reset occurs) Set BOREN<1:0> = 01 in the Configuration Word register for this bit to control the BOR.
bit 4
bit 3-2 bit 1
bit 0
Note 1:
DS41211D-page 16
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
2.3 PCL and PCLATH
The Program Counter (PC) is 13 bits wide. The low byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not directly readable or writable and comes from PCLATH. On any Reset, the PC is cleared. Figure 2-3 shows the two situations for the loading of the PC. The upper example in Figure 2-3 shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL (PCLATH<4:0> PCH). The lower example in Figure 2-3 shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> PCH). The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth push overwrites the value that was stored from the first push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and so on). Note 1: There are no Status bits to indicate stack overflow or stack underflow conditions. 2: There are no instructions/mnemonics called PUSH or POP. These are actions that occur from the execution of the CALL, RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE instructions or the vectoring to an interrupt address.
FIGURE 2-3:
PCH 12 PC 5 8 7
LOADING OF PC IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
PCL Instruction with 0 PCL as Destination 8 ALU Result
2.4
Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers
PCLATH<4:0>
The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing the INDF register will cause indirect addressing. Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using the INDF register actually accesses data pointed to by the File Select Register (FSR). Reading INDF itself indirectly will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no operation (although Status bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit of the STATUS register, as shown in Figure 2-4. A simple program to clear RAM location 20h-2Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-1.
PCLATH PCH 12 PC 2 PCLATH<4:3> 11 OPCODE<10:0> PCLATH 11 10 8 7 PCL 0 GOTO, CALL
2.3.1
COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When performing a table read using a computed GOTO method, care should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL memory boundary (each 256-byte block). Refer to the Application Note AN556, "Implementing a Table Read" (DS00556).
EXAMPLE 2-1:
MOVLW MOVWF NEXT CLRF INCF BTFSS GOTO CONTINUE
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
0x20 FSR INDF FSR FSR,4 NEXT ;initialize pointer ;to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;no clear next ;yes continue
2.3.2
STACK
The PIC12F683 family has an 8-level x 13-bit wide hardware stack (see Figure 2-1). The stack space is not part of either program or data space and the Stack Pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction is executed or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution. PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 17
PIC12F683
FIGURE 2-4: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING PIC12F683
Indirect Addressing 0 IRP(1) 7 File Select Register 0 Direct Addressing RP1
(1)
RP0
6
From Opcode
Bank Select
Location Select 00 00h 01 10 11
Bank Select 180h
Location Select
Data Memory
Not Used
7Fh Bank 0 For memory map detail, see Figure 2-2. Note 1: The RP1 and IRP bits are reserved; always maintain these bits clear. Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
1FFh
DS41211D-page 18
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.0
3.1
OSCILLATOR MODULE (WITH FAIL-SAFE CLOCK MONITOR)
Overview
The Oscillator module can be configured in one of eight clock modes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. EC - External clock with I/O on OSC2/CLKOUT. LP - 32 kHz Low-Power Crystal mode. XT - Medium Gain Crystal or Ceramic Resonator Oscillator mode. HS - High Gain Crystal or Ceramic Resonator mode. RC - External Resistor-Capacitor (RC) with FOSC/4 output on OSC2/CLKOUT. RCIO - External Resistor-Capacitor (RC) with I/O on OSC2/CLKOUT. INTOSC - Internal oscillator with FOSC/4 output on OSC2 and I/O on OSC1/CLKIN. INTOSCIO - Internal oscillator with I/O on OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT.
The Oscillator module has a wide variety of clock sources and selection features that allow it to be used in a wide range of applications while maximizing performance and minimizing power consumption. Figure 3-1 illustrates a block diagram of the Oscillator module. Clock sources can be configured from external oscillators, quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuits. In addition, the system clock source can be configured from one of two internal oscillators, with a choice of speeds selectable via software. Additional clock features include: * Selectable system clock source between external or internal via software. * Two-Speed Start-up mode, which minimizes latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution. * Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) designed to detect a failure of the external clock source (LP, XT, HS, EC or RC modes) and switch automatically to the internal oscillator.
Clock Source modes are configured by the FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG). The internal clock can be generated from two internal oscillators. The HFINTOSC is a calibrated high-frequency oscillator. The LFINTOSC is an uncalibrated low-frequency oscillator.
FIGURE 3-1:
PIC(R) MCU CLOCK SOURCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
FOSC<2:0> (Configuration Word Register) SCS<0> (OSCCON Register)
External Oscillator OSC2 Sleep OSC1
LP, XT, HS, RC, RCIO, EC MUX INTOSC
IRCF<2:0> (OSCCON Register) 8 MHz Internal Oscillator 4 MHz 2 MHz Postscaler 101 100 500 kHz 250 kHz 125 kHz LFINTOSC 31 kHz 31 kHz 011 010 001 000 MUX 1 MHz HFINTOSC 8 MHz 111 110
System Clock (CPU and Peripherals)
Power-up Timer (PWRT) Watchdog Timer (WDT) Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM)
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 19
PIC12F683
3.2 Oscillator Control
The Oscillator Control (OSCCON) register (Figure 3-1) controls the system clock and frequency selection options. The OSCCON register contains the following bits: * Frequency selection bits (IRCF) * Frequency Status bits (HTS, LTS) * System clock control bits (OSTS, SCS)
REGISTER 3-1:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6-4
OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-1 IRCF2 R/W-1 IRCF1 R/W-0 IRCF0 R-1 OSTS(1) R-0 HTS R-0 LTS R/W-0 SCS bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' IRCF<2:0>: Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits 111 = 8 MHz 110 = 4 MHz (default) 101 = 2 MHz 100 = 1 MHz 011 = 500 kHz 010 = 250 kHz 001 = 125 kHz 000 = 31 kHz (LFINTOSC) OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit(1) 1 = Device is running from the external clock defined by FOSC<2:0> of the Configuration Word register 0 = Device is running from the internal oscillator (HFINTOSC or LFINTOSC) HTS: HFINTOSC Status bit (High Frequency - 8 MHz to 125 kHz) 1 = HFINTOSC is stable 0 = HFINTOSC is not stable LTS: LFINTOSC Stable bit (Low Frequency - 31 kHz) 1 = LFINTOSC is stable 0 = LFINTOSC is not stable SCS: System Clock Select bit 1 = Internal oscillator is used for system clock 0 = Clock source defined by FOSC<2:0> of the Configuration Word register Bit resets to `0' with Two-Speed Start-up and LP, XT or HS selected as the Oscillator mode or Fail-Safe mode is enabled.
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Note 1:
DS41211D-page 20
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.3 Clock Source Modes 3.4
3.4.1
External Clock Modes
OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST)
Clock Source modes can be classified as external or internal. * External Clock modes rely on external circuitry for the clock source. Examples are: Oscillator modules (EC mode), quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS modes) and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) mode circuits. * Internal clock sources are contained internally within the Oscillator module. The Oscillator module has two internal oscillators: the 8 MHz High-Frequency Internal Oscillator (HFINTOSC) and the 31 kHz Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC). The system clock can be selected between external or internal clock sources via the System Clock Select (SCS) bit of the OSCCON register. See Section 3.6 "Clock Switching" for additional information.
If the Oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) counts 1024 oscillations from OSC1. This occurs following a Power-on Reset (POR) and when the Power-up Timer (PWRT) has expired (if configured), or a wake-up from Sleep. During this time, the program counter does not increment and program execution is suspended. The OST ensures that the oscillator circuit, using a quartz crystal resonator or ceramic resonator, has started and is providing a stable system clock to the Oscillator module. When switching between clock sources, a delay is required to allow the new clock to stabilize. These oscillator delays are shown in Table 3-1. In order to minimize latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution, the Two-Speed Clock Start-up mode can be selected (see Section 3.7 "Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode").
TABLE 3-1:
OSCILLATOR DELAY EXAMPLES
Switch To LFINTOSC HFINTOSC EC, RC EC, RC LP, XT, HS HFINTOSC Frequency 31 kHz 125 kHz to 8 MHz DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz 32 kHz to 20 MHz 125 kHz to 8 MHz Oscillator Delay Oscillator Warm-Up Delay (TWARM) 2 instruction cycles 1 cycle of each 1024 Clock Cycles (OST) 1 s (approx.)
Switch From Sleep/POR Sleep/POR LFINTOSC (31 kHz) Sleep/POR LFINTOSC (31 kHz)
3.4.2
EC MODE
FIGURE 3-2:
The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally generated logic level as the system clock source. When operating in this mode, an external clock source is connected to the OSC1 input and the OSC2 is available for general purpose I/O. Figure 3-2 shows the pin connections for EC mode. The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is disabled when EC mode is selected. Therefore, there is no delay in operation after a Power-on Reset (POR) or wake-up from Sleep. Because the PIC(R) MCU design is fully static, stopping the external clock input will have the effect of halting the device while leaving all data intact. Upon restarting the external clock, the device will resume operation as if no time had elapsed.
EXTERNAL CLOCK (EC) MODE OPERATION
OSC1/CLKIN PIC(R) MCU I/O OSC2/CLKOUT(1)
Clock from Ext. System
Note 1:
Alternate pin functions are listed in the Device Overview.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 21
PIC12F683
3.4.3 LP, XT, HS MODES
The LP, XT and HS modes support the use of quartz crystal resonators or ceramic resonators connected to OSC1 and OSC2 (Figure 3-3). The mode selects a low, medium or high gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier to support various resonator types and speed. LP Oscillator mode selects the lowest gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. LP mode current consumption is the least of the three modes. This mode is designed to drive only 32.768 kHz tuning-fork type crystals (watch crystals). XT Oscillator mode selects the intermediate gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. XT mode current consumption is the medium of the three modes. This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a medium drive level specification. HS Oscillator mode selects the highest gain setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. HS mode current consumption is the highest of the three modes. This mode is best suited for resonators that require a high drive setting. Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-4 show typical circuits for quartz crystal and ceramic resonators, respectively. Note 1: Quartz crystal characteristics vary according to type, package and manufacturer. The user should consult the manufacturer data sheets for specifications and recommended application. 2: Always verify oscillator performance over the VDD and temperature range that is expected for the application. 3: For oscillator design assistance, reference the following Microchip Applications Notes: * AN826, "Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal Selection for rfPIC(R) and PIC(R) Devices" (DS00826) * AN849, "Basic PIC(R) Oscillator Design" (DS00849) * AN943, "Practical PIC(R) Oscillator Analysis and Design" (DS00943) * AN949, "Making Your Oscillator Work" (DS00949)
FIGURE 3-4:
CERAMIC RESONATOR OPERATION (XT OR HS MODE)
PIC(R) MCU
OSC1/CLKIN
FIGURE 3-3:
QUARTZ CRYSTAL OPERATION (LP, XT OR HS MODE)
PIC(R) MCU
OSC1/CLKIN C1
To Internal Logic RP(3) RF(2) Sleep
C1 Quartz Crystal
To Internal Logic RF(2) Sleep C2 Ceramic RS(1) Resonator OSC2/CLKOUT
C2
RS(1)
OSC2/CLKOUT
Note 1: A series resistor (RS) may be required for ceramic resonators with low drive level. 2: The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M). 3: An additional parallel feedback resistor (RP) may be required for proper ceramic resonator operation.
Note 1: 2:
A series resistor (RS) may be required for quartz crystals with low drive level. The value of RF varies with the Oscillator mode selected (typically between 2 M to 10 M).
DS41211D-page 22
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.4.4 EXTERNAL RC MODES
3.5
Internal Clock Modes
The external Resistor-Capacitor (RC) modes support the use of an external RC circuit. This allows the designer maximum flexibility in frequency choice while keeping costs to a minimum when clock accuracy is not required. There are two modes: RC and RCIO. In RC mode, the RC circuit connects to OSC1. OSC2/CLKOUT outputs the RC oscillator frequency divided by 4. This signal may be used to provide a clock for external circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test or other application requirements. Figure 3-5 shows the external RC mode connections.
The Oscillator module has two independent, internal oscillators that can be configured or selected as the system clock source. 1. The HFINTOSC (High-Frequency Internal Oscillator) is factory calibrated and operates at 8 MHz. The frequency of the HFINTOSC can be user-adjusted via software using the OSCTUNE register (Register 3-2). The LFINTOSC (Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator) is uncalibrated and operates at 31 kHz.
2.
FIGURE 3-5:
VDD REXT
EXTERNAL RC MODES
PIC(R) MCU
The system clock speed can be selected via software using the Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits IRCF<2:0> of the OSCCON register. The system clock can be selected between external or internal clock sources via the System Clock Selection (SCS) bit of the OSCCON register. See Section 3.6 "Clock Switching" for more information.
OSC1/CLKIN CEXT VSS FOSC/4 or I/O(2) OSC2/CLKOUT(1)
Internal Clock
3.5.1
INTOSC AND INTOSCIO MODES
Recommended values: 10 k REXT 100 k, <3V 3 k REXT 100 k, 3-5V CEXT > 20 pF, 2-5V Note 1: 2: Alternate pin functions are listed in the Device Overview. Output depends upon RC or RCIO clock mode.
The INTOSC and INTOSCIO modes configure the internal oscillators as the system clock source when the device is programmed using the oscillator selection or the FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG). See Section 12.0 "Special Features of the CPU" for more information. In INTOSC mode, OSC1/CLKIN is available for general purpose I/O. OSC2/CLKOUT outputs the selected internal oscillator frequency divided by 4. The CLKOUT signal may be used to provide a clock for external circuitry, synchronization, calibration, test or other application requirements. In INTOSCIO mode, OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT are available for general purpose I/O.
In RCIO mode, the RC circuit is connected to OSC1. OSC2 becomes an additional general purpose I/O pin. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values and the operating temperature. Other factors affecting the oscillator frequency are: * threshold voltage variation * component tolerances * packaging variations in capacitance The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external RC components used.
3.5.2
HFINTOSC
The High-Frequency Internal Oscillator (HFINTOSC) is a factory calibrated 8 MHz internal clock source. The frequency of the HFINTOSC can be altered via software using the OSCTUNE register (Register 3-2). The output of the HFINTOSC connects to a postscaler and multiplexer (see Figure 3-1). One of seven frequencies can be selected via software using the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. See Section 3.5.4 "Frequency Select Bits (IRCF)" for more information. The HFINTOSC is enabled by selecting any frequency between 8 MHz and 125 kHz by setting the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register 000. Then, set the System Clock Source (SCS) bit of the OSCCON register to `1' or enable Two-Speed Start-up by setting the IESO bit in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG) to `1'. The HF Internal Oscillator (HTS) bit of the OSCCON register indicates whether the HFINTOSC is stable or not.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 23
PIC12F683
3.5.2.1 OSCTUNE Register
The HFINTOSC is factory calibrated but can be adjusted in software by writing to the OSCTUNE register (Register 3-2). The default value of the OSCTUNE register is `0'. The value is a 5-bit two's complement number. When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the HFINTOSC frequency will begin shifting to the new frequency. Code execution continues during this shift. There is no indication that the shift has occurred. OSCTUNE does not affect the LFINTOSC frequency. Operation of features that depend on the LFINTOSC clock source frequency, such as the Power-up Timer (PWRT), Watchdog Timer (WDT), Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) and peripherals, are not affected by the change in frequency.
REGISTER 3-2:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-5 bit 4-0
OSCTUNE: OSCILLATOR TUNING REGISTER
U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 TUN4 R/W-0 TUN3 R/W-0 TUN2 R/W-0 TUN1 R/W-0 TUN0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' TUN<4:0>: Frequency Tuning bits 01111 = Maximum frequency 01110 = * * * 00001 = 00000 = Oscillator module is running at the calibrated frequency. 11111 = * * * 10000 = Minimum frequency
DS41211D-page 24
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.5.3 LFINTOSC 3.5.5
The Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC) is an uncalibrated 31 kHz internal clock source. The output of the LFINTOSC connects to a postscaler and multiplexer (see Figure 3-1). Select 31 kHz, via software, using the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. See Section 3.5.4 "Frequency Select Bits (IRCF)" for more information. The LFINTOSC is also the frequency for the Power-up Timer (PWRT), Watchdog Timer (WDT) and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM). The LFINTOSC is enabled by selecting 31 kHz (IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register = 000) as the system clock source (SCS bit of the OSCCON register = 1), or when any of the following are enabled: * Two-Speed Start-up IESO bit of the Configuration Word register = 1 and IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register = 000 * Power-up Timer (PWRT) * Watchdog Timer (WDT) * Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) The LF Internal Oscillator (LTS) bit of the OSCCON register indicates whether the LFINTOSC is stable or not.
HF AND LF INTOSC CLOCK SWITCH TIMING
When switching between the LFINTOSC and the HFINTOSC, the new oscillator may already be shut down to save power (see Figure 3-6). If this is the case, there is a delay after the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register are modified before the frequency selection takes place. The LTS and HTS bits of the OSCCON register will reflect the current active status of the LFINTOSC and HFINTOSC oscillators. The timing of a frequency selection is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register are modified. If the new clock is shut down, a clock start-up delay is started. Clock switch circuitry waits for a falling edge of the current clock. CLKOUT is held low and the clock switch circuitry waits for a rising edge in the new clock. CLKOUT is now connected with the new clock. LTS and HTS bits of the OSCCON register are updated as required. Clock switch is complete.
6.
See Figure 3-1 for more details. If the internal oscillator speed selected is between 8 MHz and 125 kHz, there is no start-up delay before the new frequency is selected. This is because the old and new frequencies are derived from the HFINTOSC via the postscaler and multiplexer. Start-up delay specifications are located in the Electrical Specifications Chapter of this data sheet, under AC Specifications (Oscillator Module).
3.5.4
FREQUENCY SELECT BITS (IRCF)
The output of the 8 MHz HFINTOSC and 31 kHz LFINTOSC connects to a postscaler and multiplexer (see Figure 3-1). The Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits IRCF<2:0> of the OSCCON register select the frequency output of the internal oscillators. One of eight frequencies can be selected via software: * * * * * * * * 8 MHz 4 MHz (Default after Reset) 2 MHz 1 MHz 500 kHz 250 kHz 125 kHz 31 kHz (LFINTOSC) Note: Following any Reset, the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register are set to `110' and the frequency selection is set to 4 MHz. The user can modify the IRCF bits to select a different frequency.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 25
PIC12F683
FIGURE 3-6:
LF(1) HF HFINTOSC HFINTOSC
Start-up Time 2-cycle Sync Running
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR SWITCH TIMING
LFINTOSC (FSCM and WDT disabled)
LFINTOSC IRCF <2:0> System Clock Note 1: When going from LF to HF. 0 =0
HFINTOSC HFINTOSC
LFINTOSC (Either FSCM or WDT enabled)
2-cycle Sync
Running
LFINTOSC IRCF <2:0> System Clock
0
=0
LFINTOSC LFINTOSC
HFINTOSC
LFINTOSC turns off unless WDT or FSCM is enabled
Start-up Time 2-cycle Sync
Running
HFINTOSC IRCF <2:0> System Clock =0
0
DS41211D-page 26
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.6 Clock Switching
The system clock source can be switched between external and internal clock sources via software using the System Clock Select (SCS) bit of the OSCCON register. When the Oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is enabled (see Section 3.4.1 "Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)"). The OST will suspend program execution until 1024 oscillations are counted. Two-Speed Start-up mode minimizes the delay in code execution by operating from the internal oscillator as the OST is counting. When the OST count reaches 1024 and the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register is set, program execution switches to the external oscillator.
3.6.1
SYSTEM CLOCK SELECT (SCS) BIT
The System Clock Select (SCS) bit of the OSCCON register selects the system clock source that is used for the CPU and peripherals. * When the SCS bit of the OSCCON register = 0, the system clock source is determined by configuration of the FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG). * When the SCS bit of the OSCCON register = 1, the system clock source is chosen by the internal oscillator frequency selected by the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. After a Reset, the SCS bit of the OSCCON register is always cleared. Note: Any automatic clock switch, which may occur from Two-Speed Start-up or Fail-Safe Clock Monitor, does not update the SCS bit of the OSCCON register. The user can monitor the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to determine the current system clock source.
3.7.1
TWO-SPEED START-UP MODE CONFIGURATION
Two-Speed Start-up mode is configured by the following settings: * IESO (of the Configuration Word register) = 1; Internal/External Switchover bit (Two-Speed Start-up mode enabled). * SCS (of the OSCCON register) = 0. * FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG) configured for LP, XT or HS mode. Two-Speed Start-up mode is entered after: * Power-on Reset (POR) and, if enabled, after Power-up Timer (PWRT) has expired, or * Wake-up from Sleep. If the external clock oscillator is configured to be anything other than LP, XT or HS mode, then Two-Speed Start-up is disabled. This is because the external clock oscillator does not require any stabilization time after POR or an exit from Sleep.
3.6.2
OSCILLATOR START-UP TIME-OUT STATUS (OSTS) BIT
The Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status (OSTS) bit of the OSCCON register indicates whether the system clock is running from the external clock source, as defined by the FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG), or from the internal clock source. In particular, OSTS indicates that the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has timed out for LP, XT or HS modes.
3.7.2
1. 2.
TWO-SPEED START-UP SEQUENCE
3.7
Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Two-Speed Start-up mode provides additional power savings by minimizing the latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution. In applications that make heavy use of the Sleep mode, Two-Speed Start-up will remove the external oscillator start-up time from the time spent awake and can reduce the overall power consumption of the device. This mode allows the application to wake-up from Sleep, perform a few instructions using the INTOSC as the clock source and go back to Sleep without waiting for the primary oscillator to become stable. Note: Executing a SLEEP instruction will abort the oscillator start-up time and will cause the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to remain clear.
Wake-up from Power-on Reset or Sleep. Instructions begin execution by the internal oscillator at the frequency set in the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. OST enabled to count 1024 clock cycles. OST timed out, wait for falling edge of the internal oscillator. OSTS is set. System clock held low until the next falling edge of new clock (LP, XT or HS mode). System clock is switched to external clock source.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
3.7.3 CHECKING TWO-SPEED CLOCK STATUS
Checking the state of the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register will confirm if the microcontroller is running from the external clock source, as defined by the FOSC<2:0> bits in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG), or the internal oscillator.
FIGURE 3-7:
TWO-SPEED START-UP
HFINTOSC T TOST OSC1 0 1 1022 1023
OSC2 Program Counter PC - N PC PC + 1
System Clock
DS41211D-page 28
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
3.8 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
3.8.3 FAIL-SAFE CONDITION CLEARING
The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the device to continue operating should the external oscillator fail. The FSCM can detect oscillator failure any time after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The FSCM is enabled by setting the FCMEN bit in the Configuration Word register (CONFIG). The FSCM is applicable to all external oscillator modes (LP, XT, HS, EC, RC and RCIO). The Fail-Safe condition is cleared after a Reset, executing a SLEEP instruction or toggling the SCS bit of the OSCCON register. When the SCS bit is toggled, the OST is restarted. While the OST is running, the device continues to operate from the INTOSC selected in OSCCON. When the OST times out, the Fail-Safe condition is cleared and the device will be operating from the external clock source. The Fail-Safe condition must be cleared before the OSFIF flag can be cleared.
FIGURE 3-8:
FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Clock Monitor Latch S Q
3.8.4
RESET OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
External Clock
LFINTOSC Oscillator 31 kHz (~32 s)
/ 64 488 Hz (~2 ms)
R
Q
The FSCM is designed to detect an oscillator failure after the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has expired. The OST is used after waking up from Sleep and after any type of Reset. The OST is not used with the EC or RC Clock modes so that the FSCM will be active as soon as the Reset or wake-up has completed. When the FSCM is enabled, the Two-Speed Start-up is also enabled. Therefore, the device will always be executing code while the OST is operating. Note:
Clock Failure Detected
Sample Clock
3.8.1
FAIL-SAFE DETECTION
The FSCM module detects a failed oscillator by comparing the external oscillator to the FSCM sample clock. The sample clock is generated by dividing the LFINTOSC by 64. See Figure 3-8. Inside the fail detector block is a latch. The external clock sets the latch on each falling edge of the external clock. The sample clock clears the latch on each rising edge of the sample clock. A failure is detected when an entire half-cycle of the sample clock elapses before the primary clock goes low.
Due to the wide range of oscillator start-up times, the Fail-Safe circuit is not active during oscillator start-up (i.e., after exiting Reset or Sleep). After an appropriate amount of time, the user should check the OSTS bit of the OSCCON register to verify the oscillator start-up and that the system clock switchover has successfully completed.
3.8.2
FAIL-SAFE OPERATION
When the external clock fails, the FSCM switches the device clock to an internal clock source and sets the bit flag OSFIF of the PIR1 register. Setting this flag will generate an interrupt if the OSFIE bit of the PIE1 register is also set. The device firmware can then take steps to mitigate the problems that may arise from a failed clock. The system clock will continue to be sourced from the internal clock source until the device firmware successfully restarts the external oscillator and switches back to external operation. The internal clock source chosen by the FSCM is determined by the IRCF<2:0> bits of the OSCCON register. This allows the internal oscillator to be configured before a failure occurs.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 29
PIC12F683
FIGURE 3-9:
Sample Clock System Clock Output Clock Monitor Output (Q) Failure Detected OSCFIF Oscillator Failure
FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM
Test Note:
Test
Test
The system clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in this example have been chosen for clarity.
TABLE 3-2:
Name CONFIG(2) INTCON OSCCON OSCTUNE PIE1 PIR1 Legend: Note 1: 2:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CLOCK SOURCES
Bit 7 CPD GIE -- -- EEIE EEIF Bit 6 CP PEIE IRCF2 -- ADIE ADIF Bit 5 MCLRE T0IE IRCF1 -- CCP1IE CCP1IF Bit 4 PWRTE INTE IRCF0 TUN4 -- -- Bit 3 WDTE GPIE OSTS TUN3 CMIE CMIF Bit 2 FOSC2 T0IF HTS TUN2 OSFIE OSFIF Bit 1 FOSC1 INTF LTS TUN1 TMR2IE TMR2IF Bit 0 FOSC0 GPIF SCS TUN0 TMR1IE TMR1IF Value on POR, BOR -- 0000 0000 -110 x000 ---0 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 Value on all other Resets(1) -- 0000 000x -110 x000 ---u uuuu 000- 0000 000- 0000
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used by oscillators. Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation. See Configuration Word register (Register 12-1) for operation of all register bits.
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PIC12F683
4.0 GPIO PORT
There are as many as six general purpose I/O pins available. Depending on which peripherals are enabled, some or all of the pins may not be available as general purpose I/O. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, the associated pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. Therefore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are read, this value is modified and then written to the PORT data latch. GP3 reads `0' when MCLRE = 1. The TRISIO register controls the direction of the GPIO pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs. The user must ensure the bits in the TRISIO register are maintained set when using them as analog inputs. I/O pins configured as analog input always read `0'. Note: The ANSEL and CMCON0 registers must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0'.
4.1
GPIO and the TRISIO Registers
GPIO is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISIO. Setting a TRISIO bit (= 1) will make the corresponding GPIO pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISIO bit (= 0) will make the corresponding GPIO pin an output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). An exception is GP3, which is input only and its TRISIO bit will always read as `1'. Example 4-1 shows how to initialize GPIO. Reading the GPIO register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the PORT latch. All write operations are read-modify-write operations.
EXAMPLE 4-1:
BANKSEL CLRF MOVLW MOVWF BANKSEL CLRF MOVLW MOVWF GPIO GPIO 07h CMCON0 ANSEL ANSEL 0Ch TRISIO
INITIALIZING GPIO
; ;Init GPIO ;Set GP<2:0> to ;digital I/O ; ;digital I/O ;Set GP<3:2> as inputs ;and set GP<5:4,1:0> ;as outputs
REGISTER 4-1:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-0
GPIO: GENERAL PURPOSE I/O REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-x GP5 R/W-0 GP4 R-x GP3 R/W-0 GP2 R/W-0 GP1 R/W-0 GP0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' GP<5:0>: GPIO I/O Pin bit 1 = Port pin is > VIH 0 = Port pin is < VIL
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
REGISTER 4-2:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5:4 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
TRISIO GPIO TRI-STATE REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-1 TRISIO5(2,3) R/W-1 TRISIO4(2) R-1 TRISIO3(1) R/W-1 TRISIO2 R/W-1 TRISIO1 R/W-1 TRISIO0 bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as `0' TRISIO<5:4>: GPIO Tri-State Control bit 1 = GPIO pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = GPIO pin configured as an output TRISIO<3>: GPIO Tri-State Control bit Input only TRISIO<2:0>: GPIO Tri-State Control bit 1 = GPIO pin configured as an input (tri-stated) 0 = GPIO pin configured as an output TRISIO<3> always reads `1'. TRISIO<5:4> always reads `1' in XT, HS and LP OSC modes. TRISIO<5> always reads `1' in RC and RCIO and EC modes.
bit 3 bit 2:0
Note 1: 2: 3:
4.2
Additional Pin Functions
4.2.3
INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE
Every GPIO pin on the PIC12F683 has an interrupt-on-change option and a weak pull-up option. GP0 has an Ultra Low-Power Wake-up option. The next three sections describe these functions.
Each of the GPIO pins is individually configurable as an interrupt-on-change pin. Control bits IOCx enable or disable the interrupt function for each pin. Refer to Register 4-5. The interrupt-on-change is disabled on a Power-on Reset. For enabled interrupt-on-change pins, the values are compared with the old value latched on the last read of GPIO. The `mismatch' outputs of the last read are OR'd together to set the GPIO Change Interrupt Flag bit (GPIF) in the INTCON register (Register 2-3). This interrupt can wake the device from Sleep. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, clears the interrupt by: a) b) Any read or write of GPIO. This will end the mismatch condition, then, Clear the flag bit GPIF.
4.2.1
ANSEL REGISTER
The ANSEL register is used to configure the Input mode of an I/O pin to analog. Setting the appropriate ANSEL bit high will cause all digital reads on the pin to be read as `0' and allow analog functions on the pin to operate correctly. The state of the ANSEL bits has no affect on digital output functions. A pin with TRIS clear and ANSEL set will still operate as a digital output, but the Input mode will be analog. This can cause unexpected behavior when executing read-modify-write instructions on the affected port.
4.2.2
WEAK PULL-UPS
Each of the GPIO pins, except GP3, has an individually configurable internal weak pull-up. Control bits WPUx enable or disable each pull-up. Refer to Register 4-4. Each weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset by the GPPU bit of the OPTION register). A weak pull-up is automatically enabled for GP3 when configured as MCLR and disabled when GP3 is an I/O. There is no software control of the MCLR pull-up.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit GPIF. Reading GPIO will end the mismatch condition and allow flag bit GPIF to be cleared. The latch holding the last read value is not affected by a MCLR nor Brown-out Reset. After these resets, the GPIF flag will continue to be set if a mismatch is present. Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when any GPIO operation is being executed, then the GPIF interrupt flag may not get set.
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PIC12F683
REGISTER 4-3:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6-4 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
ANSEL: ANALOG SELECT REGISTER
R/W-0 ADCS2 R/W-0 ADCS1 R/W-0 ADCS0 R/W-1 ANS3 R/W-1 ANS2 R/W-1 ANS1 R/W-1 ANS0 bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as `0' ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits 000 = FOSC/2 001 = FOSC/8 010 = FOSC/32 x11 = FRC (clock derived from a dedicated internal oscillator = 500 kHz max) 100 = FOSC/4 101 = FOSC/16 110 = FOSC/64 ANS<3:0>: Analog Select bits Analog select between analog or digital function on pins AN<3:0>, respectively. 1 = Analog input. Pin is assigned as analog input(1). 0 = Digital I/O. Pin is assigned to port or special function. Setting a pin to an analog input automatically disables the digital input circuitry, weak pull-ups and interrupt-on-change, if available. The corresponding TRIS bit must be set to Input mode in order to allow external control of the voltage on the pin.
bit 3-0
Note 1:
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 33
PIC12F683
REGISTER 4-4:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-4 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
WPU: WEAK PULL-UP REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-1 WPU5 R/W-1 WPU4 U-0 -- R/W-1 WPU2 R/W-1 WPU1 R/W-1 WPU0 bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as `0' WPU<5:4>: Weak Pull-up Control bits 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled Unimplemented: Read as `0' WPU<2:0>: Weak Pull-up Control bits 1 = Pull-up enabled 0 = Pull-up disabled Global GPPU must be enabled for individual pull-ups to be enabled. The weak pull-up device is automatically disabled if the pin is in Output mode (TRISIO = 0). The GP3 pull-up is enabled when configured as MCLR and disabled as an I/O in the Configuration Word. WPU<5:4> always reads `1' in XT, HS and LP OSC modes.
bit 3 bit 2-0
Note 1: 2: 3: 4:
REGISTER 4-5:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-0
IOC: INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE GPIO REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-0 IOC5 R/W-0 IOC4 R/W-0 IOC3 R/W-0 IOC2 R/W-0 IOC1 R/W-0 IOC0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' IOC<5:0>: Interrupt-on-change GPIO Control bits 1 = Interrupt-on-change enabled 0 = Interrupt-on-change disabled Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) must be enabled for individual interrupts to be recognized. IOC<5:4> always reads `0' in XT, HS and LP OSC modes.
Note 1: 2:
DS41211D-page 34
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
4.2.4 ULTRA LOW-POWER WAKE-UP
Note: For more information, refer to the Application Note AN879, "Using the Microchip Ultra Low-Power Wake-up Module" (DS00879). The Ultra Low-Power Wake-up (ULPWU) on GP0 allows a slow falling voltage to generate an interrupt-on-change on GP0 without excess current consumption. The mode is selected by setting the ULPWUE bit of the PCON register. This enables a small current sink which can be used to discharge a capacitor on GP0. To use this feature, the GP0 pin is configured to output `1' to charge the capacitor, interrupt-on-change for GP0 is enabled and GP0 is configured as an input. The ULPWUE bit is set to begin the discharge and a SLEEP instruction is performed. When the voltage on GP0 drops below VIL, an interrupt will be generated which will cause the device to wake-up. Depending on the state of the GIE bit of the INTCON register, the device will either jump to the interrupt vector (0004h) or execute the next instruction when the interrupt event occurs. See Section 4.2.3 "Interrupt-on-Change" and Section 12.4.3 "GPIO Interrupt" for more information. This feature provides a low-power technique for periodically waking up the device from Sleep. The time-out is dependent on the discharge time of the RC circuit on GP0. See Example 4-2 for initializing the Ultra Low-Power Wake-up module. The series resistor provides overcurrent protection for the GP0 pin and can allow for software calibration of the time-out (see Figure 4-1). A timer can be used to measure the charge time and discharge time of the capacitor. The charge time can then be adjusted to provide the desired interrupt delay. This technique will compensate for the affects of temperature, voltage and component accuracy. The Ultra Low-Power Wake-up peripheral can also be configured as a simple Programmable Low-Voltage Detect or temperature sensor.
EXAMPLE 4-2:
BANKSEL MOVLW MOVWF BANKSEL BCF BCF BANKSEL BSF CALL BANKSEL BSF BSF BSF MOVLW MOVWF SLEEP NOP
ULTRA LOW-POWER WAKE-UP INITIALIZATION
; ;Turn off ;comparators ; ;RA0 to digital I/O ;Output high to ; ;charge capacitor ; ; ;Enable ULP Wake-up ;Select RA0 IOC ;RA0 to input ;Enable interrupt ; and clear flag ;Wait for IOC ;
CMCON0 H'7' CMCON0 ANSEL ANSEL,0 TRISA,0 PORTA PORTA,0 CapDelay PCON PCON,ULPWUE IOCA,0 TRISA,0 B'10001000' INTCON
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 35
PIC12F683
4.2.5 PIN DESCRIPTIONS AND DIAGRAMS 4.2.5.1 GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT/ULPWU
Each GPIO pin is multiplexed with other functions. The pins and their combined functions are briefly described here. For specific information about individual functions such as the comparator or the ADC, refer to the appropriate section in this data sheet. Figure 4-1 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP0 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the ADC an analog input to the comparator In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM data an analog input to the Ultra Low-Power Wake-up
FIGURE 4-1:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP0
Analog Input Mode(1) VDD Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU D Q Weak GPPU
CK Q
VDD
D WR GPIO
Q I/O pin
CK Q
VSS
+ D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD GPIO D WR IOC RD IOC Q Q D EN Q D EN RD GPIO To Comparator To A/D Converter Note 1: Comparator mode and ANSEL determines Analog Input mode. Q3 Q IULP 0 Analog Input Mode(1) 1 VSS ULPWUE
VT
CK Q
CK Q
Interrupt-onChange
DS41211D-page 36
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
4.2.5.2 GP1/AN1/CIN-/VREF/ICSPCLK 4.2.5.3 GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT/CCP1
Figure 4-2 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP1 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the ADC a analog input to the comparator a voltage reference input for the ADC In-Circuit Serial Programming clock Figure 4-3 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP2 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the ADC the clock input for Timer0 an external edge triggered interrupt a digital output from the Comparator a digital input/output for the CCP (refer to Section 11.0 "Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module").
FIGURE 4-2:
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP1
Analog Input Mode(1) VDD Weak GPPU
D
Q
FIGURE 4-3:
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP2
Analog Input Mode VDD Weak GPPU COUT Enable Analog Input Mode VDD
CK Q
D CK
Q Q
D WR GPIO
Q
VDD
CK Q D I/O pin D Q VSS Analog Input Mode(1) WR TRISIO RD TRISIO Q D EN Q3 WR IOC RD IOC RD GPIO To Comparator To A/D Converter Interrupt-onchange RD GPIO D CK Q D CK Q Q WR GPIO CK Q Q
COUT
1 0 I/O pin
WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD GPIO
CK Q
VSS Analog Input Mode
D WR IOC RD IOC
Q
CK Q
Q
D EN
Q Q
D EN Q3
Interrupt-onchange
Q
D EN
RD GPIO Note 1: Comparator mode and ANSEL determines Analog Input mode.
To Timer0 To INT To A/D Converter Note 1: Comparator mode and ANSEL determines Analog Input mode.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 37
PIC12F683
4.2.5.4 GP3/MCLR/VPP 4.2.5.5 GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT
Figure 4-4 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP3 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * a general purpose input * as Master Clear Reset with weak pull-up Figure 4-5 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP4 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * * a general purpose I/O an analog input for the ADC a Timer1 gate input a crystal/resonator connection a clock output
FIGURE 4-4:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP3
VDD MCLRE Weak
FIGURE 4-5:
Input pin
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP4
Analog Input Mode CLK(1) Modes VDD Weak GPPU Oscillator Circuit OSC1 CLKOUT Enable VDD
Data Bus RD TRISIO RD GPIO D WR IOC RD IOC CK Q
Reset VSS
MCLRE
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
D CK
Q Q
MCLRE
VSS
Q Q
D EN Q3
Q
D EN WR GPIO D Q FOSC/4 1 0 CLKOUT Enable VSS D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD GPIO D WR IOC RD IOC Q Q D EN Q D EN Q3 Q CK Q INTOSC/ RC/EC(2) CLKOUT Enable Analog Input Mode I/O pin
Interrupt-onchange
CK Q
RD GPIO
CK Q
Interrupt-onchange
RD GPIO To T1G To A/D Converter Note 1: CLK modes are XT, HS, LP, optional LP oscillator and CLKOUT Enable. 2: With CLKOUT option.
DS41211D-page 38
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
4.2.5.6 GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN FIGURE 4-6:
Data Bus WR WPU RD WPU
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GP5
INTOSC Mode TMR1LPEN(1) VDD Weak GPPU Oscillator Circuit OSC2
Figure 4-6 shows the diagram for this pin. The GP5 pin is configurable to function as one of the following: * * * * a general purpose I/O a Timer1 clock input a crystal/resonator connection a clock input
D CK
Q Q
D WR GPIO CK
Q Q
VDD
I/O pin D WR TRISIO RD TRISIO RD GPIO D WR IOC RD IOC Q D EN CK Q Q Q EN Q3 D CK Q Q INTOSC Mode (1) VSS
Interrupt-onchange
RD GPIO To Timer1 or CLKGEN Note 1: Timer1 LP oscillator enabled. 2: When using Timer1 with LP oscillator, the Schmitt Trigger is bypassed.
TABLE 4-1:
Name ANSEL CCP1CON CMCON0 PCON INTCON IOC OPTION_REG GPIO T1CON TRISIO WPU Legend:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH GPIO
Bit 7 -- -- -- -- GIE -- GPPU -- T1GINV -- -- Bit 6 ADCS2 -- COUT -- PEIE -- INTEDG -- TMR1GE -- -- Bit 5 ADCS1 DC1B1 -- ULPWUE T0IE IOC5 T0CS GP5 Bit 4 ADCS0 DC1B0 CINV SBOREN INTE IOC4 T0SE GP4 Bit 3 ANS3 CCP1M3 CIS -- GPIE IOC3 PSA GP3 Bit 2 ANS2 CCP1M2 CM2 -- T0IF IOC2 PS2 GP2 T1SYNC TRISIO2 WPU2 Bit 1 ANS1 CCP1M1 CM1 POR INTF IOC1 PS1 GP1 TMR1CS TRISIO1 WPU1 Bit 0 ANS0 CCP1M0 CM0 BOR GPIF IOC0 PS0 GP0 TMR1ON TRISIO0 WPU0 Value on POR, BOR -000 1111 --00 0000 -0-0 0000 --01 --qq 0000 0000 --00 0000 1111 1111 --xx xxxx 0000 0000 --11 1111 --11 -111 Value on all other Resets -000 1111 --00 0000 -0-0 0000 --0u --uu 0000 000x --00 0000 1111 1111 --x0 x000 0000 0000 --11 1111 --11 -111
T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN TRISIO5 WPU5 TRISIO4 WPU4 TRISIO3 --
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used by GPIO.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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NOTES:
DS41211D-page 40
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5.0 TIMER0 MODULE
5.1 Timer0 Operation
The Timer0 module is an 8-bit timer/counter with the following features: * * * * * 8-bit timer/counter register (TMR0) 8-bit prescaler (shared with Watchdog Timer) Programmable internal or external clock source Programmable external clock edge selection Interrupt on overflow When used as a timer, the Timer0 module can be used as either an 8-bit timer or an 8-bit counter.
5.1.1
8-BIT TIMER MODE
When used as a timer, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit of the OPTION register to `0'. When TMR0 is written, the increment is inhibited for two instruction cycles immediately following the write. Note: The value written to the TMR0 register can be adjusted, in order to account for the two instruction cycle delay when TMR0 is written.
Figure 5-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module.
5.1.2
8-BIT COUNTER MODE
When used as a counter, the Timer0 module will increment on every rising or falling edge of the T0CKI pin. The incrementing edge is determined by the T0SE bit of the OPTION register. Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit of the OPTION register to `1'.
FIGURE 5-1:
FOSC/4
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
Data Bus 0 1 1 T0CKI pin T0SE T0CS 1 8 0 0 8-bit Prescaler PSA Set Flag bit T0IF on Overflow Sync 2 Tcy TMR0 8
WDTE SWDTEN
PSA
PS<2:0> 16-bit Prescaler 31 kHz INTOSC Watchdog Timer WDTPS<3:0>
Note 1: 2: 3: T0SE, T0CS, PSA, PS<2:0> are bits in the OPTION register. SWDTEN and WDTPS<3:0> are bits in the WDTCON register. WDTE bit is in the Configuration Word register.
1 WDT Time-out 0
16 PSA
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5.1.3 SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE PRESCALER
A single software programmable prescaler is available for use with either Timer0 or the Watchdog Timer (WDT), but not both simultaneously. The prescaler assignment is controlled by the PSA bit of the OPTION register. To assign the prescaler to Timer0, the PSA bit must be cleared to a `0'. There are 8 prescaler options for the Timer0 module ranging from 1:2 to 1:256. The prescale values are selectable via the PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION register. In order to have a 1:1 prescaler value for the Timer0 module, the prescaler must be assigned to the WDT module. The prescaler is not readable or writable. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register will clear the prescaler. When the prescaler is assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the WDT. When changing the prescaler assignment from the WDT to the Timer0 module, the following instruction sequence must be executed (see Example 5-2).
EXAMPLE 5-2:
CLRWDT
CHANGING PRESCALER (WDT TIMER0)
;Clear WDT and ;prescaler BANKSEL OPTION_REG ; MOVLW b'11110000' ;Mask TMR0 select and ANDWF OPTION_REG,W ;prescaler bits IORLW b'00000011' ;Set prescale to 1:16 MOVWF OPTION_REG ;
5.1.4
TIMER0 INTERRUPT
5.1.3.1
Switching Prescaler Between Timer0 and WDT Modules
Timer0 will generate an interrupt when the TMR0 register overflows from FFh to 00h. The T0IF interrupt flag bit of the INTCON register is set every time the TMR0 register overflows, regardless of whether or not the Timer0 interrupt is enabled. The T0IF bit must be cleared in software. The Timer0 interrupt enable is the T0IE bit of the INTCON register. Note: The Timer0 interrupt cannot wake the processor from Sleep since the timer is frozen during Sleep.
As a result of having the prescaler assigned to either Timer0 or the WDT, it is possible to generate an unintended device Reset when switching prescaler values. When changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT module, the instruction sequence shown in Example 5-1, must be executed.
5.1.5
USING TIMER0 WITH AN EXTERNAL CLOCK
EXAMPLE 5-1:
BANKSEL CLRWDT CLRF BANKSEL BSF CLRWDT MOVLW ANDWF IORLW MOVWF TMR0 TMR0
CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0 WDT)
; ;Clear WDT ;Clear TMR0 and ;prescaler ; ;Select WDT ; ; ;Mask prescaler ;bits ;Set WDT prescaler ;to 1:32
When Timer0 is in Counter mode, the synchronization of the T0CKI input and the Timer0 register is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks. Therefore, the high and low periods of the external clock source must meet the timing requirements as shown in the Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications".
OPTION_REG OPTION_REG,PSA
b'11111000' OPTION_REG,W b'00000101' OPTION_REG
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REGISTER 5-1:
R/W-1 GPPU bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
OPTION_REG: OPTION REGISTER
R/W-1 INTEDG R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 PS2 R/W-1 PS1 R/W-1 PS0 bit 0
GPPU: GPIO Pull-up Enable bit 1 = GPIO pull-ups are disabled 0 = GPIO pull-ups are enabled by individual PORT latch values in WPU register INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge of INT pin 0 = Interrupt on falling edge of INT pin T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (FOSC/4) T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
BIT VALUE 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 TIMER0 RATE WDT RATE 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Note 1:
A dedicated 16-bit WDT postscaler is available. See Section 12.6 "Watchdog Timer (WDT)" for more information.
TABLE 5-1:
Name TMR0 INTCON OPTION_REG TRISIO Legend:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR xxxx xxxx INTE T0SE GPIE PSA T0IF PS2 INTF PS1 GPIF PS0 0000 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 Value on all other Resets uuuu uuuu 0000 000x 1111 1111 --11 1111
Timer0 Module Register GIE GPPU -- PEIE INTEDG -- T0IE T0CS
TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0
- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer0 module.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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6.0 TIMER1 MODULE WITH GATE CONTROL
6.1 Timer1 Operation
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit incrementing counter which is accessed through the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair. Writes to TMR1H or TMR1L directly update the counter. When used with an internal clock source, the module is a timer. When used with an external clock source, the module can be used as either a timer or counter.
The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter with the following features: * * * * * * * * * * 16-bit timer/counter register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) Programmable internal or external clock source 3-bit prescaler Optional LP oscillator Synchronous or asynchronous operation Timer1 gate (count enable) via comparator or T1G pin Interrupt on overflow Wake-up on overflow (external clock, Asynchronous mode only) Special Event Trigger (with CCP) Comparator output synchronization to Timer1 clock
6.2
Clock Source Selection
The TMR1CS bit of the T1CON register is used to select the clock source. When TMR1CS = 0, the clock source is FOSC/4. When TMR1CS = 1, the clock source is supplied externally. Clock Source FOSC/4 T1CKI pin TMR1CS 0 1
Figure 6-1 is a block diagram of the Timer1 module.
FIGURE 6-1:
TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TMR1GE TMR1ON Set flag bit TMR1IF on Overflow To Comparator Module Timer1 Clock EN 0 Synchronized clock input
T1GINV
TMR1(2) TMR1H TMR1L
1
Oscillator
(1)
T1SYNC 1 FOSC/4 Internal Clock Prescaler 1, 2, 4, 8 0 2 T1CKPS<1:0> TMR1CS 1 Synchronize(3) det
OSC1/T1CKI
OSC2/T1G
INTOSC Without CLKOUT T1OSCEN
COUT
0 T1GSS
Note 1: 2: 3:
ST Buffer is low power type when using LP oscillator, or high speed type when using T1CKI. Timer1 register increments on rising edge. Synchronize does not operate while in Sleep.
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6.2.1 INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE
6.5
When the internal clock source is selected the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair will increment on multiples of TCY as determined by the Timer1 prescaler.
Timer1 Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode
6.2.2
EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE
When the external clock source is selected, the Timer1 module may work as a timer or a counter. When counting, Timer1 is incremented on the rising edge of the external clock input T1CKI. In addition, the Counter mode clock can be synchronized to the microcontroller system clock or run asynchronously. If an external clock oscillator is needed (and the microcontroller is using the INTOSC without CLKOUT), Timer1 can use the LP oscillator as a clock source. Note: In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge.
If control bit T1SYNC of the T1CON register is set, the external clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks. The timer will continue to run during Sleep and can generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up the processor. However, special precautions in software are needed to read/write the timer (see Section 6.5.1 "Reading and Writing Timer1 in Asynchronous Counter Mode"). Note: When switching from synchronous to asynchronous operation, it is possible to skip an increment. When switching from asynchronous to synchronous operation, it is possible to produce a single spurious increment.
6.5.1
6.3
Timer1 Prescaler
READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER MODE
Timer1 has four prescaler options allowing 1, 2, 4 or 8 divisions of the clock input. The T1CKPS bits of the T1CON register control the prescale counter. The prescale counter is not directly readable or writable; however, the prescaler counter is cleared upon a write to TMR1H or TMR1L.
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two 8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the timer may overflow between the reads. For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop the timer and write the desired values. A write contention may occur by writing to the timer registers, while the register is incrementing. This may produce an unpredictable value in the TMR1H:TTMR1L register pair.
6.4
Timer1 Oscillator
A low-power 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator is built-in between pins OSC1 (input) and OSC2 (amplifier output). The oscillator is enabled by setting the T1OSCEN control bit of the T1CON register. The oscillator will continue to run during Sleep. The Timer1 oscillator is shared with the system LP oscillator. Thus, Timer1 can use this mode only when the primary system clock is derived from the internal oscillator or when in LP oscillator mode. The user must provide a software time delay to ensure proper oscillator start-up. TRISIO<5:4> bits are set when the Timer1 oscillator is enabled. GP5 and GP4 bits read as `0' and TRISIO5 and TRISIO4 bits read as `1'. Note: The oscillator requires a start-up and stabilization time before use. Thus, T1OSCEN should be set and a suitable delay observed prior to enabling Timer1.
6.6
Timer1 Gate
Timer1 gate source is software configurable to be the T1G pin or the output of the Comparator. This allows the device to directly time external events using T1G or analog events using Comparator 2. See the CMCON1 register (Register 8-2) for selecting the Timer1 gate source. This feature can simplify the software for a Delta-Sigma A/D converter and many other applications. For more information on Delta-Sigma A/D converters, see the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com). Note: TMR1GE bit of the T1CON register must be set to use either T1G or COUT as the Timer1 gate source. See Register 8-2 for more information on selecting the Timer1 gate source.
Timer1 gate can be inverted using the T1GINV bit of the T1CON register, whether it originates from the T1G pin or Comparator 2 output. This configures Timer1 to measure either the active-high or active-low time between events.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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6.7 Timer1 Interrupt 6.9 CCP Special Event Trigger
The Timer1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. When Timer1 rolls over, the Timer1 interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register is set. To enable the interrupt on rollover, you must set these bits: * Timer1 interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register * PEIE bit of the INTCON register * GIE bit of the INTCON register The interrupt is cleared by clearing the TMR1IF bit in the Interrupt Service Routine. Note: The TMR1H:TTMR1L register pair and the TMR1IF bit should be cleared before enabling interrupts. If a CCP is configured to trigger a special event, the trigger will clear the TMR1H:TMR1L register pair. This special event does not cause a Timer1 interrupt. The CCP module may still be configured to generate a CCP interrupt. In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L register pair effectively becomes the period register for Timer1. Timer1 should be synchronized to the FOSC to utilize the Special Event Trigger. Asynchronous operation of Timer1 can cause a Special Event Trigger to be missed. In the event that a write to TMR1H or TMR1L coincides with a Special Event Trigger from the CCP, the write will take precedence. For more information, see Section on CCP. Timer1 can only operate during Sleep when setup in Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external crystal or clock source can be used to increment the counter. To set up the timer to wake the device: * TMR1ON bit of the T1CON register must be set * TMR1IE bit of the PIE1 register must be set * PEIE bit of the INTCON register must be set The device will wake-up on an overflow and execute the next instruction. If the GIE bit of the INTCON register is set, the device will call the Interrupt Service Routine (0004h).
6.8
Timer1 Operation During Sleep
6.10
Comparator Synchronization
The same clock used to increment Timer1 can also be used to synchronize the comparator output. This feature is enabled in the Comparator module. When using the comparator for Timer1 gate, the comparator output should be synchronized to Timer1. This ensures Timer1 does not miss an increment if the comparator changes. For more information, see Section 8.0 "Comparator Module".
FIGURE 6-2:
T1CKI = 1 when TMR1 Enabled
TIMER1 INCREMENTING EDGE
T1CKI = 0 when TMR1 Enabled Note 1: 2: Arrows indicate counter increments. In Counter mode, a falling edge must be registered by the counter prior to the first incrementing rising edge of the clock.
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6.11 Timer1 Control Register
The Timer1 Control register (T1CON), shown in Register 6-1, is used to control Timer1 and select the various features of the Timer1 module.
REGISTER 6-1:
R/W-0 T1GINV bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
(1)
T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0
(2)
R/W-0 T1CKPS0
R/W-0 T1OSCEN
R/W-0 T1SYNC
R/W-0 TMR1CS
R/W-0 TMR1ON bit 0
TMR1GE
T1CKPS1
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
T1GINV: Timer1 Gate Invert bit(1) 1 = Timer1 gate is active-high (Timer1 counts when gate is high) 0 = Timer1 gate is active-low (Timer1 counts when gate is low) TMR1GE: Timer1 Gate Enable bit(2) If TMR1ON = 0: This bit is ignored If TMR1ON = 1: 1 = Timer1 is on if Timer1 gate is not active 0 = Timer1 is on T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits 11 = 1:8 Prescale Value 10 = 1:4 Prescale Value 01 = 1:2 Prescale Value 00 = 1:1 Prescale Value T1OSCEN: LP Oscillator Enable Control bit If INTOSC without CLKOUT oscillator is active: 1 = LP oscillator is enabled for Timer1 clock 0 = LP oscillator is off Else: This bit is ignored. LP oscillator is disabled. T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit TMR1CS = 1: 1 = Do not synchronize external clock input 0 = Synchronize external clock input TMR1CS = 0: This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit 1 = External clock from T1CKI pin (on the rising edge) 0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4) TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit 1 = Enables Timer1 0 = Stops Timer1 T1GINV bit inverts the Timer1 gate logic, regardless of source. TMR1GE bit must be set to use either T1G pin or COUT, as selected by the T1GSS bit of the CMCON1 register, as a Timer1 gate source.
bit 6
bit 5-4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Note 1: 2:
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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TABLE 6-1:
Name CONFIG(1)
CMCON1 INTCON PIE1 PIR1 TMR1H TMR1L T1CON Legend: Note 1:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1
Bit 7 CPD
-- GIE EEIE EEIF
Bit 6 CP
-- PEIE ADIE ADIF
Bit 5 MCLRE
-- T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF
Bit 4 PWRTE
-- INTE -- --
Bit 3 WDTE
-- GPIE CMIE CMIF
Bit 2 FOSC2
-- T0IF OSFIE OSFIF
Bit 1 FOSC1
T1GSS INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF
Bit 0 FOSC0
CMSYNC GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF
Value on POR, BOR --
---- --10 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
Value on all other Resets --
---- --10 0000 000x 000- 0000 000- 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register T1GINV TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
0000 0000
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module. See Configuration Word register (Register 12-1) for operation of all register bits.
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7.0 TIMER2 MODULE
The Timer2 module is an 8-bit timer with the following features: * * * * * 8-bit timer register (TMR2) 8-bit period register (PR2) Interrupt on TMR2 match with PR2 Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16) Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16) The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both fully readable and writable. On any Reset, the TMR2 register is set to 00h and the PR2 register is set to FFh. Timer2 is turned on by setting the TMR2ON bit in the T2CON register to a `1'. Timer2 is turned off by clearing the TMR2ON bit to a `0'. The Timer2 prescaler is controlled by the T2CKPS bits in the T2CON register. The Timer2 postscaler is controlled by the TOUTPS bits in the T2CON register. The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared when: * A write to TMR2 occurs. * A write to T2CON occurs. * Any device Reset occurs (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset, Watchdog Timer Reset, or Brown-out Reset). Note: TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.
See Figure 7-1 for a block diagram of Timer2.
7.1
Timer2 Operation
The clock input to the Timer2 module is the system instruction clock (FOSC/4). The clock is fed into the Timer2 prescaler, which has prescale options of 1:1, 1:4 or 1:16. The output of the prescaler is then used to increment the TMR2 register. The values of TMR2 and PR2 are constantly compared to determine when they match. TMR2 will increment from 00h until it matches the value in PR2. When a match occurs, two things happen: * TMR2 is reset to 00h on the next increment cycle. * The Timer2 postscaler is incremented The match output of the Timer2/PR2 comparator is then fed into the Timer2 postscaler. The postscaler has postscale options of 1:1 to 1:16 inclusive. The output of the Timer2 postscaler is used to set the TMR2IF interrupt flag bit in the PIR1 register.
FIGURE 7-1:
TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TMR2 Output Sets Flag bit TMR2IF
FOSC/4
Prescaler 1:1, 1:4, 1:16 2 T2CKPS<1:0>
TMR2
Reset
Comparator EQ PR2
Postscaler 1:1 to 1:16 4 TOUTPS<3:0>
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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REGISTER 7-1:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6-3 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
T2CON: TIMER 2 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 TOUTPS2 R/W-0 TOUTPS1 R/W-0 TOUTPS0 R/W-0 TMR2ON R/W-0 T2CKPS1 R/W-0 T2CKPS0 bit 0
TOUTPS3
Unimplemented: Read as `0' TOUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscaler Select bits 0000 = 1:1 Postscaler 0001 = 1:2 Postscaler 0010 = 1:3 Postscaler 0011 = 1:4 Postscaler 0100 = 1:5 Postscaler 0101 = 1:6 Postscaler 0110 = 1:7 Postscaler 0111 = 1:8 Postscaler 1000 = 1:9 Postscaler 1001 = 1:10 Postscaler 1010 = 1:11 Postscaler 1011 = 1:12 Postscaler 1100 = 1:13 Postscaler 1101 = 1:14 Postscaler 1110 = 1:15 Postscaler 1111 = 1:16 Postscaler TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit 1 = Timer2 is on 0 = Timer2 is off T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits 00 = Prescaler is 1 01 = Prescaler is 4 1x = Prescaler is 16
bit 2
bit 1-0
TABLE 7-1:
Name INTCON PIE1 PIR1 PR2 TMR2 T2CON Legend: Bit 7 GIE EEIE EEIF
SUMMARY OF ASSOCIATED TIMER2 REGISTERS
Bit 6 PEIE ADIE ADIF Bit 5 T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF Bit 4 INTE -- -- Bit 3 GPIE CMIE CMIF Bit 2 T0IF OSFIE OSFIF Bit 1 INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF Bit 0 GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF Value on POR, BOR 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 Value on all other Resets 0000 000x 000- 0000 000- 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 -000 0000
Timer2 Module Period Register Holding Register for the 8-bit TMR2 Register -- TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used for Timer2 module.
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8.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
FIGURE 8-1:
VIN+ VIN-
SINGLE COMPARATOR
+ - Output
Comparators are used to interface analog circuits to a digital circuit by comparing two analog voltages and providing a digital indication of their relative magnitudes. The comparators are very useful mixed signal building blocks because they provide analog functionality independent of the program execution. The analog comparator module includes the following features: * * * * * * * * Multiple comparator configurations Comparator output is available internally/externally Programmable output polarity Interrupt-on-change Wake-up from Sleep Timer1 gate (count enable) Output synchronization to Timer1 clock input Programmable voltage reference
VINVIN+
Output
Note:
8.1
Comparator Overview
The black areas of the output of the comparator represents the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.
The comparator is shown in Figure 8-1 along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is less than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog voltage at VIN+ is greater than the analog voltage at VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital high level.
FIGURE 8-2:
COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
CMSYNC CINV 0 To COUT pin D Timer1 clock source(1) Q 1 To Timer1 Gate MULTIPLEX
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
Port Pins
D Q1 EN
Q
To Data Bus
RD CMCON0 Set CMIF bit
D Q3*RD CMCON0 EN
Q
CL
Reset Note 1: 2: 3: Comparator output is latched on falling edge of Timer1 clock source. Q1 and Q3 are phases of the four-phase system clock (FOSC). Q1 is held high during Sleep mode.
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8.2 Analog Input Connection Considerations
Note 1: When reading a PORT register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a `0'. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert as an analog input, according to the input specification. 2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a digital input, may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified.
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure 8-3. Since the analog input pins share their connection with a digital input, they have reverse biased ESD protection diodes to VDD and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latch-up may occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is recommended for the analog sources. Also, any external component connected to an analog input pin, such as a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little leakage current to minimize inaccuracies introduced.
FIGURE 8-3:
ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD
Rs < 10K AIN VA CPIN 5 pF
VT 0.6V
RIC To ADC Input
VT 0.6V
ILEAKAGE 500 nA
Vss Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions RIC = Interconnect Resistance = Source Impedance RS = Analog Voltage VA VT = Threshold Voltage
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8.3 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the comparator. The CM<2:0> bits of the CMCON0 register are used to select these modes as shown in Figure 8-4. * Analog function (A): digital input buffer is disabled * Digital function (D): comparator digital output, overrides port function * Normal port function (I/O): independent of comparator The port pins denoted as "A" will read as a `0' regardless of the state of the I/O pin or the I/O control TRIS bit. Pins used as analog inputs should also have the corresponding TRIS bit set to `1' to disable the digital output driver. Pins denoted as "D" should have the corresponding TRIS bit set to `0' to enable the digital output driver. Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled during a Comparator mode change to prevent unintended interrupts.
FIGURE 8-4:
CM<2:0> = 000
COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
Comparator w/o Output and with Internal Reference CM<2:0> = 100
CINOff(1) CIN+ A I/O COUT
Comparator Reset (POR Default Value - low power)
CINCIN+
A A
COUT (pin) I/O
COUT (pin) I/O From CVREF Module
Comparator with Output CM<2:0> = 001
Multiplexed Input with Internal Reference and Output CM<2:0> = 101
CINCOUT CIN+ A A CIS = 0 CIS = 1 COUT
CINCIN+
A A
COUT (pin) D
COUT (pin) D From CVREF Module
Comparator without Output CM<2:0> = 010
Multiplexed Input with Internal Reference CM<2:0> = 110
CINCIN+ COUT (pin)
A A I/O COUT
CINCIN+ COUT (pin)
A A I/O From CVREF Module CIS = 0 CIS = 1 COUT
Comparator with Output and Internal Reference CM<2:0> = 011
Comparator Off (Lowest power) CM<2:0> = 111
CINCIN+
A I/O COUT CINCIN+ From CVREF Module I/O I/O Off(1)
COUT (pin) D
COUT (pin) I/O
Legend: A = Analog Input, ports always reads `0' I/O = Normal port I/O Note 1: Reads as `0', unless CINV = 1.
CIS = Comparator Input Switch (CMCON0<3>) D = Comparator Digital Output
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8.4 Comparator Control 8.5 Comparator Response Time
The CMCON0 register (Register 8-1) provides access to the following comparator features: * * * * Mode selection Output state Output polarity Input switch The comparator output is indeterminate for a period of time after the change of an input source or the selection of a new reference voltage. This period is referred to as the response time. The response time of the comparator differs from the settling time of the voltage reference. Therefore, both of these times must be considered when determining the total response time to a comparator input change. See the Comparator and Voltage Reference Specifications in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for more details.
8.4.1
COMPARATOR OUTPUT STATE
The Comparator state can always be read internally via the COUT bit of the CMCON0 register. The comparator state may also be directed to the COUT pin in the following modes: * CM<2:0> = 001 * CM<2:0> = 011 * CM<2:0> = 101 When one of the above modes is selected, the associated TRIS bit of the COUT pin must be cleared.
8.4.2
COMPARATOR OUTPUT POLARITY
Inverting the output of the comparator is functionally equivalent to swapping the comparator inputs. The polarity of the comparator output can be inverted by setting the CINV bit of the CMCON0 register. Clearing CINV results in a non-inverted output. A complete table showing the output state versus input conditions and the polarity bit is shown in Table 8-1.
TABLE 8-1:
OUTPUT STATE VS. INPUT CONDITIONS
CINV 0 0 1 1 COUT 0 1 1 0
Input Conditions VIN- > VIN+ VIN- < VIN+ VIN- > VIN+ VIN- < VIN+ Note:
COUT refers to both the register bit and output pin.
8.4.3
COMPARATOR INPUT SWITCH
The inverting input of the comparator may be switched between two analog pins in the following modes: * CM<2:0> = 101 * CM<2:0> = 110 In the above modes, both pins remain in analog mode regardless of which pin is selected as the input. The CIS bit of the CMCON0 register controls the comparator input switch.
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8.6 Comparator Interrupt Operation
FIGURE 8-5:
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is a change in the output value of the comparator. Changes are recognized by means of a mismatch circuit which consists of two latches and an exclusive-or gate (see Figure 8.2). One latch is updated with the comparator output level when the CMCON0 register is read. This latch retains the value until the next read of the CMCON0 register or the occurrence of a Reset. The other latch of the mismatch circuit is updated on every Q1 system clock. A mismatch condition will occur when a comparator output change is clocked through the second latch on the Q1 clock cycle. The mismatch condition will persist, holding the CMIF bit of the PIR1 register true, until either the CMCON0 register is read or the comparator output returns to the previous state. Note: A write operation to the CMCON0 register will also clear the mismatch condition because all writes include a read operation at the beginning of the write cycle.
COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING W/O CMCON0 READ
Q1 Q3 CIN+ COUT Set CMIF (level) CMIF reset by software TRT
FIGURE 8-6:
COMPARATOR INTERRUPT TIMING WITH CMCON0 READ
Q1 Q3 CIN+ COUT Set CMIF (level) CMIF cleared by CMCON0 read reset by software TRT
Software will need to maintain information about the status of the comparator output to determine the actual change that has occurred. The CMIF bit of the PIR1 register, is the comparator interrupt flag. This bit must be reset in software by clearing it to `0'. Since it is also possible to write a `1' to this register, a simulated interrupt may be initiated. The CMIE bit of the PIE1 register and the PEIE and GIE bits of the INTCON register must all be set to enable comparator interrupts. If any of these bits are cleared, the interrupt is not enabled, although the CMIF bit of the PIR1 register will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs. The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) b) Any read or write of CMCON0. This will end the mismatch condition. Clear the CMIF interrupt flag.
Note 1: If a change in the CMCON0 register (COUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF of the PIR1 register interrupt flag may not get set. 2: When either comparator is first enabled, bias circuitry in the Comparator module may cause an invalid output from the comparator until the bias circuitry is stable. Allow about 1 s for bias settling then clear the mismatch condition and interrupt flags before enabling comparator interrupts.
A persistent mismatch condition will preclude clearing the CMIF interrupt flag. Reading CMCON0 will end the mismatch condition and allow the CMIF bit to be cleared. Note: If a change in the CMCON0 register (COUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF interrupt flag may not get set.
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8.7 Operation During Sleep 8.8 Effects of a Reset
The comparator, if enabled before entering Sleep mode, remains active during Sleep. The additional current consumed by the comparator is shown separately in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications". If the comparator is not used to wake the device, power consumption can be minimized while in Sleep mode by turning off the comparator. The comparator is turned off by selecting mode CM<2:0> = 000 or CM<2:0> = 111 of the CMCON0 register. A change to the comparator output can wake-up the device from Sleep. To enable the comparator to wake the device from Sleep, the CMIE bit of the PIE1 register and the PEIE bit of the INTCON register must be set. The instruction following the Sleep instruction always executes following a wake from Sleep. If the GIE bit of the INTCON register is also set, the device will then execute the Interrupt Service Routine. A device Reset forces the CMCON0 and CMCON1 registers to their Reset states. This forces the Comparator module to be in the Comparator Reset mode (CM<2:0> = 000). Thus, all comparator inputs are analog inputs with the comparator disabled to consume the smallest current possible.
REGISTER 8-1:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 bit 6
CMCON0: COMPARATOR CONFIGURATION REGISTER
R-0 COUT U-0 -- R/W-0 CINV R/W-0 CIS R/W-0 CM2 R/W-0 CM1 R/W-0 CM0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set Unimplemented: Read as `0' COUT: Comparator Output bit When CINV = 0: 1 = VIN+ > VIN0 = VIN+ < VINWhen CINV = 1: 1 = VIN+ < VIN0 = VIN+ > VINUnimplemented: Read as `0' CINV: Comparator Output Inversion bit 1 = Output inverted 0 = Output not inverted CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit When CM<2:0> = 110 or 101: 1 = CIN+ connects to VIN0 = CIN- connects to VINWhen CM<2:0> = 0xx or 100 or 111: CIS has no effect.
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 5 bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
CM<2:0>: Comparator Mode bits (See Figure 8-5) 000 = CIN pins are configured as analog, COUT pin configured as I/O, Comparator output turned off 001 = CIN pins are configured as analog, COUT pin configured as Comparator output 010 = CIN pins are configured as analog, COUT pin configured as I/O, Comparator output available internally 011 = CIN- pin is configured as analog, CIN+ pin is configured as I/O, COUT pin configured as Comparator output, CVREF is non-inverting input 100 = CIN- pin is configured as analog, CIN+ pin is configured as I/O, COUT pin is configured as I/O, Comparator output available internally, CVREF is non-inverting input 101 = CIN pins are configured as analog and multiplexed, COUT pin is configured as Comparator output, CVREF is non-inverting input 110 = CIN pins are configured as analog and multiplexed, COUT pin is configured as I/O, Comparator output available internally, CVREF is non-inverting input 111 = CIN pins are configured as I/O, COUT pin is configured as I/O, Comparator output disabled, Comparator off.
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8.9 Comparator Gating Timer1 8.10
This feature can be used to time the duration or interval of analog events. Clearing the T1GSS bit of the CMCON1 register will enable Timer1 to increment based on the output of the comparator. This requires that Timer1 is on and gating is enabled. See Section 6.0 "Timer1 Module with Gate Control" for details. It is recommended to synchronize the comparator with Timer1 by setting the CMSYNC bit when the comparator is used as the Timer1 gate source. This ensures Timer1 does not miss an increment if the comparator changes during an increment.
Synchronizing Comparator Output to Timer1
The comparator output can be synchronized with Timer1 by setting the CMSYNC bit of the CMCON1 register. When enabled, the comparator output is latched on the falling edge of the Timer1 clock source. If a prescaler is used with Timer1, the comparator output is latched after the prescaling function. To prevent a race condition, the comparator output is latched on the falling edge of the Timer1 clock source and Timer1 increments on the rising edge of its clock source. See the Comparator Block Diagram (Figure 82) and the Timer1 Block Diagram (Figure 6-1) for more information.
REGISTER 8-2:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-2 bit 1
CMCON1: COMPARATOR CONFIGURATION REGISTER
U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-1 T1GSS R/W-0 CMSYNC bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' T1GSS: Timer1 Gate Source Select bit(1) 1 = Timer 1 Gate Source is T1G pin (pin should be configured as digital input) 0 = Timer 1 Gate Source is comparator output CMSYNC: Comparator Output Synchronization bit(2) 1 = Output is synchronized with falling edge of Timer1 clock 0 = Output is asynchronous Refer to Section 6.6 "Timer1 Gate". Refer to Figure 8-2.
bit 0
Note 1: 2:
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8.11 Comparator Voltage Reference
EQUATION 8-1: CVREF OUTPUT VOLTAGE
The Comparator Voltage Reference module provides an internally generated voltage reference for the comparators. The following features are available: * * * * Independent from Comparator operation Two 16-level voltage ranges Output clamped to VSS Ratiometric with VDD VRR = 1 (low range): CVREF = (VR<3:0>/24) x VDD VRR = 0 (high range): CVREF = (VDD/4) + (VR<3:0> x VDD/32) The full range of VSS to VDD cannot be realized due to the construction of the module. See Figure 8-1.
The VRCON register (Register 8-3) controls the Voltage Reference module shown in Figure 8-7.
8.11.3
OUTPUT CLAMPED TO VSS
8.11.1
INDEPENDENT OPERATION
The CVREF output voltage can be set to Vss with no power consumption by configuring VRCON as follows: * VREN = 0 * VRR = 1 * VR<3:0> = 0000 This allows the comparator to detect a zero-crossing while not consuming additional CVREF module current.
The comparator voltage reference is independent of the comparator configuration. Setting the VREN bit of the VRCON register will enable the voltage reference.
8.11.2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
The CVREF voltage reference has 2 ranges with 16 voltage levels in each range. Range selection is controlled by the VRR bit of the VRCON register. The 16 levels are set with the VR<3:0> bits of the VRCON register.
8.11.4
OUTPUT RATIOMETRIC TO VDD
The CVREF output voltage is determined by the following
equations:
The comparator voltage reference is VDD derived and therefore, the CVREF output changes with fluctuations in VDD. The tested absolute accuracy of the Comparator Voltage Reference can be found in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications".
REGISTER 8-3:
R/W-0 VREN bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7
VRCON: VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-0 VRR U-0 -- R/W-0 VR3 R/W-0 VR2 R/W-0 VR1 R/W-0 VR0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
VREN: CVREF Enable bit 1 = CVREF circuit powered on 0 = CVREF circuit powered down, no IDD drain and CVREF = VSS. Unimplemented: Read as `0' VRR: CVREF Range Selection bit 1 = Low range 0 = High range Unimplemented: Read as `0' VR<3:0>: CVREF Value Selection 0 VR<3:0> 15 When VRR = 1: CVREF = (VR<3:0>/24) * VDD When VRR = 0: CVREF = VDD/4 + (VR<3:0>/32) * VDD
bit 6 bit 5
bit 4 bit 3-0
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FIGURE 8-7: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
16 Stages 8R VDD 8R 16-1 Analog MUX VREN CVREF to Comparator Input
15 14 2 1 0
R
R
R
R
VRR
VR<3:0>(1)
VREN VR<3:0> = 0000 VRR Note 1: Care should be taken to ensure VREF remains within the comparator Common mode input range. See Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for more detail.
TABLE 8-2:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPARATOR AND VOLTAGE REFERENCE MODULES
Bit 7 -- -- -- GIE EEIE EEIF -- -- VREN Bit 6 ADCS2 COUT -- PEIE ADIE ADIF -- -- -- Bit 5 ADCS1 -- -- T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF GP5 VRR Bit 4 ADCS0 CINV -- INTE -- -- GP4 -- Bit 3 ANS3 CIS -- GPIE CMIE CMIF GP3 VR3 Bit 2 ANS2 CM2 -- T0IF OSFIE OSFIF GP2 VR2 Bit 1 ANS1 CM1 T1GSS INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF GP1 VR1 Bit 0 ANS0 CM0 CMSYNC GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF GP0 TRISIO0 VR0 Value on POR, BOR -000 1111 -0-0 0000 ---- --10 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 --xx xxxx --11 1111 0-0- 0000 Value on all other Resets -000 1111 -0-0 0000 ---- --10 0000 000x 0000 0000 000- 0000 --uu uuuu --11 1111 -0-0 0000
Name ANSEL CMCON0 CMCON1 INTCON PIE1 PIR1 GPIO TRISIO VRCON Legend:
TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used for comparator.
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NOTES:
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9.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) MODULE
The ADC voltage reference is software selectable to either VDD or a voltage applied to the external reference pins. The ADC can generate an interrupt upon completion of a conversion. This interrupt can be used to wake-up the device from Sleep. Figure 9-1 shows the block diagram of the ADC.
The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) allows conversion of an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary representation of that signal. This device uses analog inputs, which are multiplexed into a single sample and hold circuit. The output of the sample and hold is connected to the input of the converter. The converter generates a 10-bit binary result via successive approximation and stores the conversion result into the ADC result registers (ADRESL and ADRESH).
FIGURE 9-1:
ADC BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDD
VCFG = 0
VREF
VCFG = 1
GP0/AN0 GP1/AN1/VREF GP2/AN2 GP4/AN3 GO/DONE ADFM ADON ADRESH A/D 10 0 = Left Justify 1 = Right Justify 10 ADRESL
CHS
9.1
ADC Configuration
9.1.2
CHANNEL SELECTION
When configuring and using the ADC the following functions must be considered: * * * * * * GPIO configuration Channel selection ADC voltage reference selection ADC conversion clock source Interrupt control Results formatting
The CHS bits of the ADCON0 register determine which channel is connected to the sample and hold circuit. When changing channels, a delay is required before starting the next conversion. Refer to Section 9.2 "ADC Operation" for more information.
9.1.1
GPIO CONFIGURATION
The ADC can be used to convert both analog and digital signals. When converting analog signals, the I/O pin should be configured for analog by setting the associated TRIS and ANSEL bits. See the corresponding GPIO section for more information. Note: Analog voltages on any pin that is defined as a digital input may cause the input buffer to conduct excess current.
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9.1.3
ADC VOLTAGE REFERENCE
The VCFG bit of the ADCON0 register provides control of the positive voltage reference. The positive voltage reference can be either VDD or an external voltage source. The negative voltage reference is always connected to the ground reference.
The time to complete one bit conversion is defined as TAD. One full 10-bit conversion requires 11 TAD periods as shown in Figure 9-2. For correct conversion, the appropriate TAD specification must be met. See A/D conversion requirements in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for more information. Table 9-1 gives examples of appropriate ADC clock selections. Note: Unless using the FRC, any changes in the system clock frequency will change the ADC clock frequency, which may adversely affect the ADC result.
9.1.4
CONVERSION CLOCK
The source of the conversion clock is software selectable via the ADCS bits of the ANSEL register. There are seven possible clock options: * * * * * * * FOSC/2 FOSC/4 FOSC/8 FOSC/16 FOSC/32 FOSC/64 FRC (dedicated internal oscillator)
TABLE 9-1:
ADC CLOCK PERIOD (TAD) VS. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES (VDD > 3.0V)
Device Frequency (FOSC) 20 MHz 100 200 ns(2) ns(2) 8 MHz 250 500 ns(2) ns(2) 4 MHz 500 1.0 ns(2) s(2) 1 MHz 2.0 s 4.0 s 8.0 s(3) 16.0 s(3) 32.0 s(3) 64.0 s(3) 2-6 s(1,4)
ADC Clock Period (TAD) ADC Clock Source FOSC/2 FOSC/4 FOSC/8 FOSC/16 FOSC/32 FOSC/64 FRC Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: ADCS<2:0> 000 100 001 101 010 110 x11
400 ns(2) 800 ns(2) 1.6 s 3.2 s 2-6 s(1,4)
1.0 s(2) 2.0 s 4.0 s 8.0 s(3) 2-6 s(1,4)
2.0 s 4.0 s 8.0 2-6 s(3) 16.0 s(3) s(1,4)
Shaded cells are outside of recommended range. The FRC source has a typical TAD time of 4 s for VDD > 3.0V. These values violate the minimum required TAD time. For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended. When the device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the FRC clock source is only recommended if the conversion will be performed during Sleep.
FIGURE 9-2:
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION TAD CYCLES
TCY to TAD TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7 TAD8 TAD9 TAD10 TAD11 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Conversion Starts Holding Capacitor is Disconnected from Analog Input (typically 100 ns) Set GO/DONE bit ADRESH and ADRESL registers are loaded, GO bit is cleared, ADIF bit is set, Holding capacitor is connected to analog input
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9.1.5 INTERRUPTS 9.1.6 RESULT FORMATTING
The ADC module allows for the ability to generate an interrupt upon completion of an Analog-to-Digital conversion. The ADC interrupt flag is the ADIF bit in the PIR1 register. The ADC interrupt enable is the ADIE bit in the PIE1 register. The ADIF bit must be cleared in software. Note: The ADIF bit is set at the completion of every conversion, regardless of whether or not the ADC interrupt is enabled. The 10-bit A/D conversion result can be supplied in two formats, left justified or right justified. The ADFM bit of the ADCON0 register controls the output format. Figure 9-3 shows the two output formats.
This interrupt can be generated while the device is operating or while in Sleep. If the device is in Sleep, the interrupt will wake-up the device. Upon waking from Sleep, the next instruction following the SLEEP instruction is always executed. If the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution, the global interrupt must be disabled. If the global interrupt is enabled, execution will switch to the interrupt service routine. Please see Section 12.4 "Interrupts" for more information.
FIGURE 9-3:
10-BIT A/D CONVERSION RESULT FORMAT
ADRESH ADRESL LSB bit 0 10-bit A/D Result bit 7 bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as `0' LSB bit 0 bit 7 10-bit A/D Result bit 0
(ADFM = 0)
MSB bit 7
(ADFM = 1) bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as `0'
MSB
9.2
9.2.1
ADC Operation
STARTING A CONVERSION
9.2.3
TERMINATING A CONVERSION
To enable the ADC module, the ADON bit of the ADCON0 register must be set to a `1'. Setting the GO/DONE bit of the ADCON0 register to a `1' will start the Analog-to-Digital conversion. Note: The GO/DONE bit should not be set in the same instruction that turns on the ADC. Refer to Section 9.2.6 "A/D Conversion Procedure".
If a conversion must be terminated before completion, the GO/DONE bit can be cleared in software. The ADRESH:ADRESL registers will not be updated with the partially complete Analog-to-Digital conversion sample. Instead, the ADRESH:ADRESL register pair will retain the value of the previous conversion. Additionally, a 2 TAD delay is required before another acquisition can be initiated. Following this delay, an input acquisition is automatically started on the selected channel. Note: A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state. Thus, the ADC module is turned off and any pending conversion is terminated.
9.2.2
COMPLETION OF A CONVERSION
When the conversion is complete, the ADC module will: * Clear the GO/DONE bit * Set the ADIF flag bit * Update the ADRESH:ADRESL registers with new conversion result
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9.2.4 ADC OPERATION DURING SLEEP
8. The ADC module can operate during Sleep. This requires the ADC clock source to be set to the FRC option. When the FRC clock source is selected, the ADC waits one additional instruction before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed, which can reduce system noise during the conversion. If the ADC interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from Sleep when the conversion completes. If the ADC interrupt is disabled, the ADC module is turned off after the conversion completes, although the ADON bit remains set. When the ADC clock source is something other than FRC, a SLEEP instruction causes the present conversion to be aborted and the ADC module is turned off, although the ADON bit remains set. Clear the ADC interrupt flag (required if interrupt is enabled).
Note 1: The global interrupt can be disabled if the user is attempting to wake-up from Sleep and resume in-line code execution. 2: See Section 9.3 Requirements". "A/D Acquisition
EXAMPLE 9-1:
A/D CONVERSION
9.2.5
SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
The CCP Special Event Trigger allows periodic ADC measurements without software intervention. When this trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit is set by hardware and the Timer1 counter resets to zero. Using the Special Event Trigger does not assure proper ADC timing. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the ADC timing requirements are met. See Section 11.0 "Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module" for more information.
9.2.6
A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE
This is an example procedure for using the ADC to perform an Analog-to-Digital conversion: 1. Configure GPIO Port: * Disable pin output driver (See TRIS register) * Configure pin as analog Configure the ADC module: * Select ADC conversion clock * Configure voltage reference * Select ADC input channel * Select result format * Turn on ADC module Configure ADC interrupt (optional): * Clear ADC interrupt flag * Enable ADC interrupt * Enable peripheral interrupt * Enable global interrupt(1) Wait the required acquisition time(2). Start conversion by setting the GO/DONE bit. Wait for ADC conversion to complete by one of the following: * Polling the GO/DONE bit * Waiting for the ADC interrupt (interrupts enabled) Read ADC Result
;This code block configures the ADC ;for polling, Vdd reference, Frc clock ;and GP0 input. ; ;Conversion start & polling for completion ; are included. ; BANKSEL TRISIO ; BSF TRISIO,0 ;Set GP0 to input BANKSEL ANSEL ; MOVLW B'01110001' ;ADC Frc clock, IORWF ANSEL ; and GP0 as analog BANKSEL ADCON0 ; MOVLW B'10000001' ;Right justify, MOVWF ADCON0 ;Vdd Vref, AN0, On CALL SampleTime ;Acquisiton delay BSF ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion BTFSC ADCON0,GO ;Is conversion done? GOTO $-1 ;No, test again BANKSEL ADRESH ; MOVF ADRESH,W ;Read upper 2 bits MOVWF RESULTHI ;Store in GPR space BANKSEL ADRESL ; MOVF ADRESL,W ;Read lower 8 bits MOVWF RESULTLO ;Store in GPR space
2.
9.2.7
ADC REGISTER DEFINITIONS
The following registers are used to control the operation of the ADC.
3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
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REGISTER 9-1:
R/W-0 ADFM bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0
R/W-0 VCFG U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CHS1 R/W-0 CHS0 R/W-0 GO/DONE R/W-0 ADON bit 0
ADFM: A/D Conversion Result Format Select bit 1 = Right justified 0 = Left justified VCFG: Voltage Reference bit 1 = VREF pin 0 = VDD Unimplemented: Read as `0' CHS<1:0>: Analog Channel Select bits 00 = AN0 01 = AN1 10 = AN2 11 = AN3 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit 1 = A/D conversion cycle in progress. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion cycle. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D conversion has completed. 0 = A/D conversion completed/not in progress ADON: ADC Enable bit 1 = ADC is enabled 0 = ADC is disabled and consumes no operating current
bit 6
bit 5-4 bit 3-2
bit 1
bit 0
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REGISTER 9-2:
R/W-x ADRES9 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 0
R/W-x ADRES8 R/W-x ADRES7 R/W-x ADRES6 R/W-x ADRES5 R/W-x ADRES4 R/W-x ADRES3 R/W-x ADRES2 bit 0
ADRES<9:2>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result
REGISTER 9-3:
R/W-x ADRES1 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-0
ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 0
R/W-x ADRES0 R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
ADRES<1:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result Reserved: Do not use.
REGISTER 9-4:
R/W-x -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-2 bit 1-0
ADRESH: ADC RESULT REGISTER HIGH (ADRESH) ADFM = 1
R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x -- R/W-x ADRES9 R/W-x ADRES8 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Reserved: Do not use. ADRES<9:8>: ADC Result Register bits Upper 2 bits of 10-bit conversion result
REGISTER 9-5:
R/W-x ADRES7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0
ADRESL: ADC RESULT REGISTER LOW (ADRESL) ADFM = 1
R/W-x ADRES6 R/W-x ADRES5 R/W-x ADRES4 R/W-x ADRES3 R/W-x ADRES2 R/W-x ADRES1 R/W-x ADRES0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
ADRES<7:0>: ADC Result Register bits Lower 8 bits of 10-bit conversion result
DS41211D-page 66
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
9.3 A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the ADC to meet its specified accuracy, the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The Analog Input model is shown in Figure 9-4. The source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD), see Figure 9-4. The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. As the source impedance is decreased, the acquisition time may be decreased. After the analog input channel is selected (or changed), an A/D acquisition must be done before the conversion can be started. To calculate the minimum acquisition time, Equation 9-1 may be used. This equation assumes that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the ADC). The 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the ADC to meet its specified resolution.
EQUATION 9-1: Assumptions:
ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE Temperature = 50C and external impedance of 10k 5.0V VDD
TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Hold Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient = TAMP + TC + TCOFF = 2s + TC + [ ( Temperature - 25C ) ( 0.05s/C ) ] The value for TC can be approximated with the following equations:
1VAPPLIED 1 - ----------- = VCHOLD 2047
--------- RC VAPPLIED 1 - e = VCHOLD -------- 1RC VAPPLIED 1 - e = VAPPLIED 1 - ----------- 2047 - Tc - TC
;[1] VCHOLD charged to within 1/2 lsb
;[2] VCHOLD charge response to VAPPLIED
;combining [1] and [2]
Solving for TC:
TC = - CHOLD ( RIC + RSS + RS ) ln(1/2047) = - 10pF ( 1k + 7k + 10k ) ln(0.0004885) = 1.37 s
Therefore: TACQ = 2S + 1.37S + [ ( 50C- 25C ) ( 0.05S/C ) ] = 4.67S
Note 1: The reference voltage (VREF) has no effect on the equation, since it cancels itself out. 2: The charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) is not discharged after each conversion. 3: The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. This is required to meet the pin leakage specification.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 67
PIC12F683
FIGURE 9-4: ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD Rs VA ANx CPIN 5 pF VT = 0.6V RIC 1k I LEAKAGE 500 nA Sampling Switch SS Rss
VT = 0.6V
CHOLD = 10 pF VSS/VREF-
Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance = Threshold Voltage VT I LEAKAGE = Leakage current at the pin due to various junctions RIC = Interconnect Resistance SS = Sampling Switch CHOLD = Sample/Hold Capacitance
6V 5V VDD 4V 3V 2V
RSS
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sampling Switch (k)
FIGURE 9-5:
ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION
Full-Scale Range
3FFh 3FEh 3FDh ADC Output Code 3FCh 3FBh Full-Scale Transition 1 LSB ideal
004h 003h 002h 001h 000h 1 LSB ideal
Analog Input Voltage
VSS/VREF-
Zero-Scale Transition
VDD/VREF+
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(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 9-2:
Name ADCON0 ANSEL ADRESH ADRESL INTCON PIE1 PIR1 GPIO TRISIO Legend: Bit 7 ADFM --
SUMMARY OF ASSOCIATED ADC REGISTERS
Bit 6 VCFG ADCS2 Bit 5 -- ADCS1 Bit 4 -- ADCS0 Bit 3 CHS1 ANS3 Bit 2 CHS0 ANS2 Bit 1 GO/DONE ANS1 Bit 0 ADON ANS0 Value on POR, BOR 00-- 0000 -000 1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx INTE -- -- GP4 TRISIO4 GPIE CMIE CMIF GP3 TRISIO3 T0IF OSFIE OSFIF GP2 TRISIO2 INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF GP1 TRISIO1 GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF GP0 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 --xx xxxx Value on all other Resets 0000 0000 -000 1111 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 000x 0000 0000 000- 0000 --uu uuuu --11 1111
A/D Result Register High Byte A/D Result Register Low Byte GIE EEIE EEIF -- -- PEIE ADIE ADIF -- -- T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF GP5 TRISIO5
TRISIO0 --11 1111
x = unknown, u = unchanged, -- = unimplemented read as `0'. Shaded cells are not used for ADC module.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 69
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NOTES:
DS41211D-page 70
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
10.0 DATA EEPROM MEMORY
The EEPROM data memory is readable and writable during normal operation (full VDD range). This memory is not directly mapped in the register file space. Instead, it is indirectly addressed through the Special Function Registers. There are four SFRs used to read and write this memory: * * * * EECON1 EECON2 (not a physically implemented register) EEDAT EEADR The EEPROM data memory allows byte read and write. A byte write automatically erases the location and writes the new data (erase before write). The EEPROM data memory is rated for high erase/write cycles. The write time is controlled by an on-chip timer. The write time will vary with voltage and temperature as well as from chip-to-chip. Please refer to AC Specifications in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for exact limits. When the data memory is code-protected, the CPU may continue to read and write the data EEPROM memory. The device programmer can no longer access the data EEPROM data and will read zeroes.
EEDAT holds the 8-bit data for read/write, and EEADR holds the address of the EEPROM location being accessed. PIC12F683 has 256 bytes of data EEPROM with an address range from 0h to FFh.
REGISTER 10-1:
R/W-0 EEDAT7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0
EEDAT: EEPROM DATA REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 EEDAT5 R/W-0 EEDAT4 R/W-0 EEDAT3 R/W-0 EEDAT2 R/W-0 EEDAT1 R/W-0 EEDAT0 bit 0
EEDAT6
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
EEDATn: Byte Value to Write To or Read From Data EEPROM bits
REGISTER 10-2:
R/W-0 EEADR7 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-0
EEADR: EEPROM ADDRESS REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 EEADR5 R/W-0 EEADR4 R/W-0 EEADR3 R/W-0 EEADR2 R/W-0 EEADR1 R/W-0 EEADR0 bit 0
EEADR6
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
EEADR: Specifies One of 256 Locations for EEPROM Read/Write Operation bits
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 71
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10.1 EECON1 and EECON2 Registers
EECON1 is the control register with four low-order bits physically implemented. The upper four bits are nonimplemented and read as `0's. Control bits RD and WR initiate read and write, respectively. These bits cannot be cleared, only set in software. They are cleared in hardware at completion of the read or write operation. The inability to clear the WR bit in software prevents the accidental, premature termination of a write operation. The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation. On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is set when a write operation is interrupted by a MCLR Reset, or a WDT Time-out Reset during normal operation. In these situations, following Reset, the user can check the WRERR bit, clear it and rewrite the location. The data and address will be cleared. Therefore, the EEDAT and EEADR registers will need to be re-initialized. Interrupt flag, EEIF bit of the PIR1 register, is set when write is complete. This bit must be cleared in software. EECON2 is not a physical register. Reading EECON2 will read all `0's. The EECON2 register is used exclusively in the data EEPROM write sequence. Note: The EECON1, EEDAT and EEADR registers should not be modified during a data EEPROM write (WR bit = 1).
REGISTER 10-3:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend:
EECON1: EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-x WRERR R/W-0 WREN R/S-0 WR R/S-0 RD bit 0
S = Bit can only be set R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-4 bit 3 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' WRERR: EEPROM Error Flag bit 1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any MCLR Reset, any WDT Reset during normal operation or BOR Reset) 0 = The write operation completed WREN: EEPROM Write Enable bit 1 = Allows write cycles 0 = Inhibits write to the data EEPROM WR: Write Control bit 1 = Initiates a write cycle (The bit is cleared by hardware once write is complete. The WR bit can only be set, not cleared, in software.) 0 = Write cycle to the data EEPROM is complete RD: Read Control bit 1 = Initiates an EEPROM read (Read takes one cycle. RD is cleared in hardware. The RD bit can only be set, not cleared, in software.) 0 = Does not initiate an EEPROM read
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
DS41211D-page 72
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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10.2 Reading the EEPROM Data Memory
After a write sequence has been initiated, clearing the WREN bit will not affect this write cycle. The WR bit will be inhibited from being set unless the WREN bit is set. At the completion of the write cycle, the WR bit is cleared in hardware and the EE Write Complete Interrupt Flag bit (EEIF) is set. The user can either enable this interrupt or poll this bit. The EEIF bit of the PIR1 register must be cleared by software.
To read a data memory location, the user must write the address to the EEADR register and then set control bit RD of the EECON1 register, as shown in Example 10-1. The data is available, at the very next cycle, in the EEDAT register. Therefore, it can be read in the next instruction. EEDAT holds this value until another read, or until it is written to by the user (during a write operation).
10.4
Write Verify
EXAMPLE 10-1:
BANKSEL MOVLW MOVWF BSF MOVF
DATA EEPROM READ
EEADR ; CONFIG_ADDR ; EEADR ;Address to read EECON1,RD ;EE Read EEDAT,W ;Move data to W
Depending on the application, good programming practice may dictate that the value written to the data EEPROM should be verified (see Example 10-3) to the desired value to be written.
EXAMPLE 10-3:
BANKSELEEDAT MOVF EEDAT,W BSF
WRITE VERIFY
; ;EEDAT not changed ;from previous write ;YES, Read the ;value written ;Is data the same ;No, handle error ;Yes, continue
10.3
Writing to the EEPROM Data Memory
EECON1,RD EEDAT,W STATUS,Z WRITE_ERR
To write an EEPROM data location, the user must first write the address to the EEADR register and the data to the EEDAT register. Then the user must follow a specific sequence to initiate the write for each byte, as shown in Example 10-2.
XORWF BTFSS GOTO :
EXAMPLE 10-2:
BANKSEL BSF BCF BTFSC GOTO MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BSF BSF
DATA EEPROM WRITE
; ;Enable write ;Disable INTs ;See AN576 ; ;Unlock write ; ; ; ;Start the write ;Enable INTS
10.4.1
USING THE DATA EEPROM
EECON1 EECON1,WREN INTCON,GIE INTCON,GIE $-2 55h EECON2 AAh EECON2 EECON1,WR INTCON,GIE
The write will not initiate if the above sequence is not exactly followed (write 55h to EECON2, write AAh to EECON2, then set WR bit) for each byte. We strongly recommend that interrupts be disabled during this code segment. A cycle count is executed during the required sequence. Any number that is not equal to the required cycles to execute the required sequence will prevent the data from being written into the EEPROM. Additionally, the WREN bit in EECON1 must be set to enable write. This mechanism prevents accidental writes to data EEPROM due to errant (unexpected) code execution (i.e., lost programs). The user should keep the WREN bit clear at all times, except when updating EEPROM. The WREN bit is not cleared by hardware.
The data EEPROM is a high-endurance, byte addressable array that has been optimized for the storage of frequently changing information (e.g., program variables or other data that are updated often). When variables in one section change frequently, while variables in another section do not change, it is possible to exceed the total number of write cycles to the EEPROM (specification D124) without exceeding the total number of write cycles to a single byte (specifications D120 and D120A). If this is the case, then a refresh of the array must be performed. For this reason, variables that change infrequently (such as constants, IDs, calibration, etc.) should be stored in Flash program memory.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
Required Sequence
DS41211D-page 73
PIC12F683
10.5 Protection Against Spurious Write 10.6
There are conditions when the user may not want to write to the data EEPROM memory. To protect against spurious EEPROM writes, various mechanisms have been built in. On power-up, WREN is cleared. Also, the Power-up Timer (64 ms duration) prevents EEPROM write. The write initiate sequence and the WREN bit together help prevent an accidental write during: * Brown-out * Power Glitch * Software Malfunction
Data EEPROM Operation During Code-Protect
Data memory can be code-protected by programming the CPD bit in the Configuration Word register (Register 12-1) to `0'. When the data memory is code-protected, the CPU is able to read and write data to the data EEPROM. It is recommended to code-protect the program memory when code-protecting data memory. This prevents anyone from programming zeroes over the existing code (which will execute as NOPs) to reach an added routine, programmed in unused program memory, which outputs the contents of data memory. Programming unused locations in program memory to `0' will also help prevent data memory code protection from becoming breached.
TABLE 10-1:
Name INTCON PIR1 PIE1 EEDAT EEADR EECON1 Legend: Note 1:
SUMMARY OF ASSOCIATED DATA EEPROM REGISTERS
Bit 6 PEIE ADIF ADIE EEDAT6 -- Bit 5 T0IE CCP1IF CCP1IE EEDAT5 -- Bit 4 INTE -- -- EEDAT4 -- Bit 3 GPIE CMIF CMIE EEDAT3 WRERR Bit 2 T0IF OSFIF OSFIE EEDAT2 WREN Bit 1 INTF TMR2IF TMR2IE EEDAT1 WR Bit 0 GPIF TMR1IF TMR1IE EEDAT0 RD Value on POR, BOR 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ---- x000 ---- ---Value on all other Resets 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ---- q000 ---- ----
Bit 7 GIE EEIF EEIE EEDAT7 --
EEADR7 EEADR6 EEADR5 EEADR4 EEADR3 EEADR2 EEADR1 EEADR0
EECON2(1) EEPROM Control Register 2
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as `0', q = value depends upon condition. Shaded cells are not used by the Data EEPROM module. EECON2 is not a physical register.
DS41211D-page 74
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
11.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM (CCP) MODULE
Additional information on CCP modules is available in the Application Note AN594, "Using the CCP Modules" (DS00594).
The Capture/Compare/PWM module is a peripheral which allows the user to time and control different events. In Capture mode, the peripheral allows the timing of the duration of an event.The Compare mode allows the user to trigger an external event when a predetermined amount of time has expired. The PWM mode can generate a Pulse-Width Modulated signal of varying frequency and duty cycle. The timer resources used by the module are shown in Table 11-1
TABLE 11-1:
CCP MODE - TIMER RESOURCES REQUIRED
Timer Resource Timer1 Timer1 Timer2
CCP Mode Capture Compare PWM
REGISTER 11-1:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-6 bit 5-4
CCP1CON: CCP1 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 -- R/W-0 DC1B1 R/W-0 DC1B0 R/W-0 CCP1M3 R/W-0 CCP1M2 R/W-0 CCP1M1 R/W-0 CCP1M0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as `0' DC1B<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Least Significant bits Capture mode: Unused. Compare mode: Unused. PWM mode: These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPR1L. CCP1M<3:0>: CCP Mode Select bits 0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets CCP module) 0001 = Unused (reserved) 0010 = Unused (reserved) 0011 = Unused (reserved) 0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge 0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge 0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge 0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge 1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCP1IF bit is set) 1001 = Compare mode, clear output on match (CCP1IF bit is set) 1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCP1IF bit is set, CCP1 pin is unaffected) 1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCP1IF bit is set, TMR1 is reset and A/D conversion is started if the ADC module is enabled. CCP1 pin is unaffected.) 110x = PWM mode active-high 111x = PWM mode active-low
bit 3-0
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 75
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11.1 Capture Mode
11.1.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 register when an event occurs on pin CCP1. An event is defined as one of the following and is configured by the CCP1M<3:0> bits of the CCP1CON register: * * * * Every falling edge Every rising edge Every 4th rising edge Every 16th rising edge Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode for the CCP module to use the capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the capture operation may not work.
11.1.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
When a capture is made, the Interrupt Request Flag bit CCP1IF of the PIR1 register is set. The interrupt flag must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs before the value in the CCPR1H, CCPR1L register pair is read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new captured value (see Figure 11-1).
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the CCP1IE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1 register clear to avoid false interrupts. Additionally, the user should clear the CCP1IF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register following any change in operating mode.
11.1.4
CCP PRESCALER
11.1.1
CCP1 PIN CONFIGURATION
In Capture mode, the CCP1 pin should be configured as an input by setting the associated TRIS control bit. Note: If the CCP1 pin is configured as an output, a write to the GPIO port can cause a capture condition.
There are four prescaler settings specified by the CCP1M<3:0> bits of the CCP1CON register. Whenever the CCP module is turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode, the prescaler counter is cleared. Any Reset will clear the prescaler counter. Switching from one capture prescaler to another does not clear the prescaler and may generate a false interrupt. To avoid this unexpected operation, turn the module off by clearing the CCP1CON register before changing the prescaler (see Example 11-1).
FIGURE 11-1:
CAPTURE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
Set Flag bit CCP1IF (PIR1 register)
EXAMPLE 11-1:
BANKSEL CCP1CON CLRF MOVLW
CHANGING BETWEEN CAPTURE PRESCALERS
Prescaler / 1, 4, 16 CCP1 pin
CCPR1H and Edge Detect Capture Enable TMR1H
CCPR1L
MOVWF
TMR1L
;Set Bank bits to point ;to CCP1CON CCP1CON ;Turn CCP module off NEW_CAPT_PS ;Load the W reg with ; the new prescaler ; move value and CCP ON CCP1CON ;Load CCP1CON with this ; value
CCP1CON<3:0> System Clock (FOSC)
DS41211D-page 76
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
11.2 Compare Mode
11.2.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair value. When a match occurs, the CCP1 module may: * * * * * Toggle the CCP1 output. Set the CCP1 output. Clear the CCP1 output. Generate a Special Event Trigger. Generate a Software Interrupt. In Compare mode, Timer1 must be running in either Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode. The compare operation may not work in Asynchronous Counter mode.
11.2.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
The action on the pin is based on the value of the CCP1M<3:0> control bits of the CCP1CON register. All Compare modes can generate an interrupt.
When Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen (CCP1M<3:0> = 1010), the CCP1 module does not assert control of the CCP1 pin (see the CCP1CON register).
11.2.4
SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
FIGURE 11-2:
COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
CCP1CON<3:0> Mode Select Set CCP1IF Interrupt Flag (PIR1) 4 CCPR1H CCPR1L
When Special Event Trigger mode is chosen (CCP1M<3:0> = 1011), the CCP1 module does the following: * Resets Timer1 * Starts an ADC conversion if ADC is enabled The CCP1 module does not assert control of the CCP1 pin in this mode (see the CCP1CON register). The Special Event Trigger output of the CCP occurs immediately upon a match between the TMR1H, TMR1L register pair and the CCPR1H, CCPR1L register pair. The TMR1H, TMR1L register pair is not reset until the next rising edge of the Timer1 clock. This allows the CCPR1H, CCPR1L register pair to effectively provide a 16-bit programmable period register for Timer1. Note 1: The Special Event Trigger from the CCP module does not set interrupt flag bit TMRxIF of the PIR1 register. 2: Removing the match condition by changing the contents of the CCPR1H and CCPR1L register pair, between the clock edge that generates the Special Event Trigger and the clock edge that generates the Timer1 Reset, will preclude the Reset from occurring.
CCP1 Pin Q S R TRIS Output Enable
Output Logic
Match
Comparator TMR1H TMR1L
Special Event Trigger Special Event Trigger will: * Clear TMR1H and TMR1L registers. * NOT set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF of the PIR1 register. * Set the GO/DONE bit to start the ADC conversion.
11.2.1
CCP1 PIN CONFIGURATION
The user must configure the CCP1 pin as an output by clearing the associated TRIS bit. Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force the CCP1 compare output latch to the default low level. This is not the GPIO I/O data latch.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 77
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11.3 PWM Mode
The PWM mode generates a Pulse-Width Modulated signal on the CCP1 pin. The duty cycle, period and resolution are determined by the following registers: * * * * PR2 T2CON CCPR1L CCP1CON The PWM output (Figure 11-4) has a time base (period) and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle).
FIGURE 11-4:
Period Pulse Width
CCP PWM OUTPUT
TMR2 = PR2 TMR2 = CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCP module produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output on the CCP1 pin. Since the CCP1 pin is multiplexed with the PORT data latch, the TRIS for that pin must be cleared to enable the CCP1 pin output driver. Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will relinquish CCP1 control of the CCP1 pin.
TMR2 = 0
Figure 11-1 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM operation. Figure 11-4 shows a typical waveform of the PWM signal. For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP module for PWM operation, see Section 11.3.7 "Setup for PWM Operation".
FIGURE 11-3:
SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK DIAGRAM
CCP1CON<5:4>
Duty Cycle Registers CCPR1L
CCPR1H(2) (Slave)
CCP1 Pin R S TRIS Q
Comparator
(1)
TMR2
Comparator Clear Timer2, toggle CCP1 pin and latch duty cycle
PR2
Note 1:
2:
The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time base. In PWM mode, CCPR1H is a read-only register.
DS41211D-page 78
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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11.3.1 PWM PERIOD EQUATION 11-2: PULSE WIDTH
The PWM period is specified by the PR2 register of Timer2. The PWM period can be calculated using the formula of Equation 11-1. Pulse Width = ( CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4> ) * TOSC * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
EQUATION 11-1:
PWM PERIOD EQUATION 11-3: DUTY CYCLE RATIO
PWM Period = [ ( PR2 ) + 1 ] * 4 * TOSC * (TMR2 Prescale Value) When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events occur on the next increment cycle: * TMR2 is cleared * The CCP1 pin is set. (Exception: If the PWM duty cycle = 0%, the pin will not be set.) * The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPR1L into CCPR1H. Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 7.0 "Timer2 Module") is not used in the determination of the PWM frequency.
) Duty Cycle Ratio = ( CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4> ---------------------------------------------------------------------4 ( PR2 + 1 ) The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are used to double buffer the PWM duty cycle. This double buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation. The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with either the 2-bit internal system clock (FOSC), or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit time base. The system clock is used if the Timer2 prescaler is set to 1:1. When the 10-bit time base matches the CCPR1H and 2bit latch, then the CCP1 pin is cleared (see Figure 11-1).
11.3.2
PWM DUTY CYCLE
11.3.3
PWM RESOLUTION
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing a 10-bit value to multiple registers: CCPR1L register and DC1B<1:0> bits of the CCP1CON register. The CCPR1L contains the eight MSbs and the CCP1<1:0> bits of the CCP1CON register contain the two LSbs. CCPR1L and DC1B<1:0> bits of the CCP1CON register can be written to at any time. The duty cycle value is not latched into CCPR1H until after the period completes (i.e., a match between PR2 and TMR2 registers occurs). While using the PWM, the CCPR1H register is read-only. Equation 11-2 is used to calculate the PWM pulse width. Equation 11-3 is used to calculate the PWM duty cycle ratio.
The resolution determines the number of available duty cycles for a given period. For example, a 10-bit resolution will result in 1024 discrete duty cycles, whereas an 8-bit resolution will result in 256 discrete duty cycles. The maximum PWM resolution is 10 bits when PR2 is 255. The resolution is a function of the PR2 register value as shown by Equation 11-4.
EQUATION 11-4:
PWM RESOLUTION
Resolution = log [ 4 ( PR2 + 1 ) ] bits ----------------------------------------log ( 2 )
Note:
If the pulse width value is greater than the period the assigned PWM pin(s) will remain unchanged.
TABLE 11-2:
EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 20 MHz)
1.22 kHz 16 0xFF 10 4.88 kHz 4 0xFF 10 19.53 kHz 1 0xFF 10 78.12 kHz 1 0x3F 8 156.3 kHz 1 0x1F 7 208.3 kHz 1 0x17 6.6
PWM Frequency Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) PR2 Value Maximum Resolution (bits)
TABLE 11-3:
EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS (FOSC = 8 MHz)
1.22 kHz 16 0x65 8 4.90 kHz 4 0x65 8 19.61 kHz 1 0x65 8 76.92 kHz 1 0x19 6 153.85 kHz 1 0x0C 5 200.0 kHz 1 0x09 5
PWM Frequency Timer Prescale (1, 4, 16) PR2 Value Maximum Resolution (bits)
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 79
PIC12F683
11.3.4 OPERATION IN SLEEP MODE 11.3.7 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
In Sleep mode, the TMR2 register will not increment and the state of the module will not change. If the CCP1 pin is driving a value, it will continue to drive that value. When the device wakes up, TMR2 will continue from its previous state. The following steps should be taken when configuring the CCP module for PWM operation: 1. 2. 3. Disable the PWM pin (CCP1) output drivers by setting the associated TRIS bit. Set the PWM period by loading the PR2 register. Configure the CCP module for the PWM mode by loading the CCP1CON register with the appropriate values. Set the PWM duty cycle by loading the CCPR1L register and DC1B bits of the CCP1CON register. Configure and start Timer2: * Clear the TMR2IF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1 register. * Set the Timer2 prescale value by loading the T2CKPS bits of the T2CON register. * Enable Timer2 by setting the TMR2ON bit of the T2CON register. Enable PWM output after a new PWM cycle has started: * Wait until Timer2 overflows (TMR2IF bit of the PIR1 register is set). * Enable the CCP1 pin output driver by clearing the associated TRIS bit.
11.3.5
CHANGES IN SYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY
The PWM frequency is derived from the system clock frequency. Any changes in the system clock frequency will result in changes to the PWM frequency. See Section 3.0 "Oscillator Module (With Fail-Safe Clock Monitor)" for additional details.
4. 5.
11.3.6
EFFECTS OF RESET
Any Reset will force all ports to Input mode and the CCP registers to their Reset states. 6.
DS41211D-page 80
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 11-4:
Name CCP1CON CCPR1L CCPR1H CMCON1 INTCON PIE1 PIR1 T1CON TMR1L TMR1H TRISIO Legend: Bit 7 --
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE AND TIMER1
Bit 6 -- Bit 5 DC1B1 Bit 4 DC1B0 Bit 3 CCP1M3 Bit 2 CCP1M2 Bit 1 CCP1M1 Bit 0 CCP1M0 Value on POR, BOR --00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx -- GPIE CMIE CMIF T1OSCEN -- T0IF OSFIE OSFIF T1SYNC T1GSS INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF TMR1CS CMSYNC GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF TMR1ON ---- --10 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx TRISIO1 TRISIO0 --11 1111 Value on all other Resets --00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx ---- --10 0000 000x 000- 0000 000- 0000 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx --11 1111
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte (MSB) -- GIE EEIE EEIF T1GINV -- PEIE ADIE ADIF TMR1GE -- T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF T1CKPS1 -- INTE -- -- T1CKPS0
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register -- -- TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2
- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the Capture and Compare.
TABLE 11-5:
Name CCP1CON CCPR1L CCPR1H INTCON PIE1 PIR1 PR2 T2CON TMR2 TRISIO Legend: Bit 7 --
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2
Bit 6 -- Bit 5 DC1B1 Bit 4 DC1B0 Bit 3 CCP1M3 Bit 2 CCP1M2 Bit 1 CCP1M1 Bit 0 CCP1M0 Value on POR, BOR --00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx GPIE CMIE CMIF T0IF OSFIE OSFIF INTF TMR2IE TMR2IF GPIF TMR1IE TMR1IF 0000 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 1111 1111 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 0000 0000 TRISIO5 TRISIO4 TRISIO3 TRISIO2 TRISIO1 TRISIO0 --11 1111 Value on all other Resets --00 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 000x -000 0000 -000 0000 1111 1111 -000 0000 0000 0000 --11 1111
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte (LSB) Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte (MSB) GIE EEIE EEIF PEIE ADIE ADIF T0IE CCP1IE CCP1IF INTE -- --
Timer2 Period Register -- TOUTPS3
Timer2 Module Register -- --
- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown. Shaded cells are not used by the PWM.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 81
PIC12F683
NOTES:
DS41211D-page 82
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
12.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU
The PIC12F683 has two timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. The other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a fixed delay of 64 ms (nominal) on power-up only, designed to keep the part in Reset while the power supply stabilizes. There is also circuitry to reset the device if a brown-out occurs, which can use the Power-up Timer to provide at least a 64 ms Reset. With these three functions on-chip, most applications need no external Reset circuitry. The Sleep mode is designed to offer a very low-current Power-down mode. The user can wake-up from Sleep through: * External Reset * Watchdog Timer Wake-up * An interrupt Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application. The INTOSC option saves system cost while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of Configuration bits are used to select various options (see Register 12-1).
The PIC12F683 has a host of features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving features and offer code protection. These features are: * Reset - Power-on Reset (POR) - Power-up Timer (PWRT) - Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) - Brown-out Reset (BOR) * Interrupts * Watchdog Timer (WDT) * Oscillator Selection * Sleep * Code Protection * ID Locations * In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM
Note:
Address 2007h is beyond the user program memory space. It belongs to the special configuration memory space (2000h-3FFFh), which can be accessed only during programming. See "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41204) for more information.
12.1
Configuration Bits
The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as `0'), or left unprogrammed (read as `1') to select various device configurations as shown in Register 12-1. These bits are mapped in program memory location 2007h.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 83
PIC12F683
REGISTER 12-1:
-- bit 15
CONFIG: CONFIGURATION WORD REGISTER
-- -- -- FCMEN IESO BOREN1 BOREN0 bit 8
CPD bit 7
Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR
CP
MCLRE
PWRTE
WDTE
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0 bit 0
W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set
P = Programmable' `0' = Bit is cleared
U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-12 bit 11
Unimplemented: Read as `1' FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enabled bit 1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled 0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is disabled IESO: Internal External Switchover bit 1 = Internal External Switchover mode is enabled 0 = Internal External Switchover mode is disabled BOREN<1:0>: Brown-out Reset Selection bits(1) 11 = BOR enabled 10 = BOR enabled during operation and disabled in Sleep 01 = BOR controlled by SBOREN bit of the PCON register 00 = BOR disabled CPD: Data Code Protection bit(2) 1 = Data memory code protection is disabled 0 = Data memory code protection is enabled CP: Code Protection bit(3) 1 = Program memory code protection is disabled 0 = Program memory code protection is enabled MCLRE: GP3/MCLR pin function select bit(4) 1 = GP3/MCLR pin function is MCLR 0 = GP3/MCLR pin function is digital input, MCLR internally tied to VDD PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit 1 = PWRT disabled 0 = PWRT enabled WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled and can be enabled by SWDTEN bit of the WDTCON register FOSC<2:0>: Oscillator Selection bits 111 = RC oscillator: CLKOUT function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 110 = RCIO oscillator: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, RC on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 101 = INTOSC oscillator: CLKOUT function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 100 = INTOSCIO oscillator: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 011 = EC: I/O function on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, CLKIN on GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 010 = HS oscillator: High-speed crystal/resonator on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 001 = XT oscillator: Crystal/resonator on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN 000 = LP oscillator: Low-power crystal on GP4/OSC2/CLKOUT and GP5/OSC1/CLKIN Enabling Brown-out Reset does not automatically enable Power-up Timer. The entire data EEPROM will be erased when the code protection is turned off. The entire program memory will be erased when the code protection is turned off. When MCLR is asserted in INTOSC or RC mode, the internal clock oscillator is disabled.
bit 10
bit 9-8
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Note 1: 2: 3: 4:
DS41211D-page 84
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
12.2 Calibration Bits
Brown-out Reset (BOR), Power-on Reset (POR) and 8 MHz internal oscillator (HFINTOSC) are factory calibrated. These calibration values are stored in fuses located in the Calibration Word (2009h). The Calibration Word is not erased when using the specified bulk erase sequence in the "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41244) and thus, does not require reprogramming. Some registers are not affected in any Reset condition; their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any other Reset. Most other registers are reset to a "Reset state" on: * * * * * Power-on Reset MCLR Reset MCLR Reset during Sleep WDT Reset Brown-out Reset (BOR)
12.3
Reset
The PIC12F683 differentiates between various kinds of Reset: a) b) c) d) e) f) Power-on Reset (POR) WDT Reset during normal operation WDT Reset during Sleep MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during Sleep Brown-out Reset (BOR)
WDT wake-up does not cause register resets in the same manner as a WDT Reset since wake-up is viewed as the resumption of normal operation. TO and PD bits are set or cleared differently in different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 12-2. Software can use these bits to determine the nature of the Reset. See Table 12-4 for a full description of Reset states of all registers. A simplified block diagram of the On-Chip Reset Circuit is shown in Figure 12-1. The MCLR Reset path has a noise filter to detect and ignore small pulses. See Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for pulse-width specifications.
FIGURE 12-1:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
External Reset
MCLR/VPP pin SLEEP WDT Module VDD Rise Detect VDD Brown-out(1) Reset Power-on Reset BOREN SBOREN WDT Time-out Reset
S
OST/PWRT OST 10-bit Ripple Counter OSC1/ CLKI pin PWRT LFINTOSC 11-bit Ripple Counter R Q Chip_Reset
Enable PWRT Enable OST
Note 1: Refer to the Configuration Word register (Register 12-1).
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 85
PIC12F683
12.3.1 POWER-ON RESET FIGURE 12-2:
VDD
The on-chip POR circuit holds the chip in Reset until VDD has reached a high enough level for proper operation. To take advantage of the POR, simply connect the MCLR pin through a resistor to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create Power-on Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is required. See Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications" for details. If the BOR is enabled, the maximum rise time specification does not apply. The BOR circuitry will keep the device in Reset until VDD reaches VBOD (see Section 12.3.4 "Brown-Out Reset (BOR)"). Note: The POR circuit does not produce an internal Reset when VDD declines. To re-enable the POR, VDD must reach Vss for a minimum of 100 s.
RECOMMENDED MCLR CIRCUIT
R1 1 k (or greater) R2
PIC(R) MCU
MCLR SW1 (optional) 100 (needed with capacitor) C1 0.1 F (optional, not critical)
When the device starts normal operation (exits the Reset condition), device operating parameters (i.e., voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in Reset until the operating conditions are met. For additional information, refer to the Application Note AN607, "Power-up Trouble Shooting" (DS00607).
12.3.3
POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT)
12.3.2
MCLR
PIC12F683 has a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore small pulses. It should be noted that a WDT Reset does not drive MCLR pin low. Voltages applied to the MCLR pin that exceed its specification can result in both MCLR Resets and excessive current beyond the device specification during the ESD event. For this reason, Microchip recommends that the MCLR pin no longer be tied directly to VDD. The use of an RC network, as shown in Figure 12-2, is suggested. An internal MCLR option is enabled by clearing the MCLRE bit in the Configuration Word register. When MCLRE = 0, the Reset signal to the chip is generated internally. When the MCLRE = 1, the GP3/MCLR pin becomes an external Reset input. In this mode, the GP3/MCLR pin has a weak pull-up to VDD.
The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 64 ms (nominal) time-out on power-up only, from POR or Brown-out Reset. The Power-up Timer operates from the 31 kHz LFINTOSC oscillator. For more information, see Section 3.5 "Internal Clock Modes". The chip is kept in Reset as long as PWRT is active. The PWRT delay allows the VDD to rise to an acceptable level. A Configuration bit, PWRTE, can disable (if set) or enable (if cleared or programmed) the Power-up Timer. The Power-up Timer should be enabled when Brown-out Reset is enabled, although it is not required. The Power-up Timer delay will vary from chip-to-chip due to: * VDD variation * Temperature variation * Process variation See DC parameters for details "Electrical Specifications"). (Section 15.0
Note:
Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latch-up. Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a "low" level to the MCLR pin, rather than pulling this pin directly to VSS.
DS41211D-page 86
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
12.3.4 BROWN-OUT RESET (BOR)
The BOREN0 and BOREN1 bits in the Configuration Word register select one of four BOR modes. Two modes have been added to allow software or hardware control of the BOR enable. When BOREN<1:0> = 01, the SBOREN bit of the PCON register enables/disables the BOR, allowing it to be controlled in software. By selecting BOREN<1:0> = 10, the BOR is automatically disabled in Sleep to conserve power and enabled on wake-up. In this mode, the SBOREN bit is disabled. See Register 12-1 for the Configuration Word definition. A brown-out occurs when VDD falls below VBOR for greater than parameter TBOR (see Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications"). The brown-out condition will reset the device. This will occur regardless of VDD slew rate. A Brown-out Reset may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less than parameter TBOR. On any Reset (Power-on, Brown-out Reset, Watchdog Timer, etc.), the chip will remain in Reset until VDD rises above VBOR (see Figure 12-3). If enabled, the Power-up Timer will be invoked by the Reset and keep the chip in Reset an additional 64 ms. Note: The Power-up Timer is enabled by the PWRTE bit in the Configuration Word register. If VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset and the Power-up Timer will be re-initialized. Once VDD rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute a 64 ms Reset.
12.3.5
BOR CALIBRATION
The PIC12F683 stores the BOR calibration values in fuses located in the Calibration Word register (2008h). The Calibration Word register is not erased when using the specified bulk erase sequence in the "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41204) and thus, does not require reprogramming. Note: Address 2008h is beyond the user program memory space. It belongs to the special configuration memory space (2000h-3FFFh), which can be accessed only during programming. See "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41204) for more information.
FIGURE 12-3:
VDD
BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS
VBOR
Internal Reset VDD
64 ms(1)
VBOR < 64 ms
Internal Reset
64 ms(1)
VDD
VBOR
Internal Reset Note 1: 64 ms delay only if PWRTE bit is programmed to `0'.
64 ms(1)
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 87
PIC12F683
12.3.6 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE 12.3.7
On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: * PWRT time-out is invoked after POR has expired. * OST is activated after the PWRT time-out has expired. The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and PWRTE bit status. For example, in EC mode with PWRTE bit erased (PWRT disabled), there will be no time-out at all. Figure 12-4, Figure 12-5 and Figure 12-6 depict time-out sequences. The device can execute code from the INTOSC while OST is active by enabling Two-Speed Start-up or Fail-Safe Monitor (see Section 3.7.2 "Two-Speed Start-up Sequence" and Section 3.8 "Fail-Safe Clock Monitor"). Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire. Then, bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately (see Figure 12-5). This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one PIC12F683 device operating in parallel. Table 12-5 shows the Reset conditions for some special registers, while Table 12-4 shows the Reset conditions for all the registers.
POWER CONTROL (PCON) REGISTER
The Power Control register PCON (address 8Eh) has two Status bits to indicate what type of Reset occurred last. Bit 0 is BOR (Brown-out). BOR is unknown on Power-on Reset. It must then be set by the user and checked on subsequent Resets to see if BOR = 0, indicating that a Brown-out has occurred. The BOR Status bit is a "don't care" and is not necessarily predictable if the brown-out circuit is disabled (BOREN<1:0> = 00 in the Configuration Word register). Bit 1 is POR (Power-on Reset). It is a `0' on Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user must write a `1' to this bit following a Power-on Reset. On a subsequent Reset, if POR is `0', it will indicate that a Power-on Reset has occurred (i.e., VDD may have gone too low). For more information, see Section 4.2.4 "Ultra Low-Power Wake-up" and Section 12.3.4 "Brown-Out Reset (BOR)".
TABLE 12-1:
TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
Power-up Brown-out Reset PWRTE = 0 TPWRT + 1024 * TOSC TPWRT PWRTE = 1 1024 * TOSC -- Wake-up from Sleep 1024 * TOSC --
Oscillator Configuration PWRTE = 0 XT, HS, LP RC, EC, INTOSC TPWRT + 1024 * TOSC TPWRT PWRTE = 1 1024 * TOSC --
TABLE 12-2:
POR 0 u u u u u x 0 u u u u
STATUS/PCON BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
TO 1 1 0 0 u 1 PD 1 1 u 0 u 0 Power-on Reset Brown-out Reset WDT Reset WDT Wake-up MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during Sleep Condition
BOR
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown
TABLE 12-3:
Name CONFIG(2) PCON STATUS Legend: Note 1: 2: Bit 9
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN-OUT RESET
Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR -- --01 --qq 0001 1xxx Value on all other Resets(1) -- --0u --uu 000q quuu
BOREN1
BOREN0
CPD -- IRP
CP -- RP1
MCLRE
PWRTE
WDTE -- PD
FOSC2 -- Z
FOSC1 POR DC
FOSC0 BOR C
ULPWUE SBOREN RP0 TO
u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. Shaded cells are not used by BOR. Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation. See Configuration Word register (Register 12-1) for operation of all register bits.
DS41211D-page 88
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 12-4: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (DELAYED MCLR)
VDD MCLR Internal POR TPWRT
PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
FIGURE 12-5:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (DELAYED MCLR)
VDD MCLR Internal POR TPWRT PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
FIGURE 12-6:
VDD MCLR Internal POR
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR WITH VDD)
TPWRT PWRT Time-out
TOST
OST Time-out
Internal Reset
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 89
PIC12F683
TABLE 12-4:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS
Address Power-on Reset MCLR Reset WDT Reset Brown-out Reset(1) uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 000q quuu uuuu uuuu --x0 x000 ---0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 -000 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu --00 0000 ---0 1000 0000 0000 ---- --10 uuuu uuuu 00-- 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 0000 0000 --0u --uu(1,5) -110 q000 ---u uuuu 1111 1111 --11 -111 --00 0000 0-0- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
(4)
Wake-up from Sleep through Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep through WDT Time-out uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PC + 1(3) uuuq quuu(4) uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuuu(2) uuuu uuuu(2) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu -uuu uuuu uuuu uuuu -uuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuuu ---- --uu uuuu uuuu uu-- uuuu uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu uuuu uuuu --uu --uu -uuu uuuu ---u uuuu 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu u-u- uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
W INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR GPIO PCLATH INTCON PIR1 TMR1L TMR1H T1CON TMR2 T2CON CCPR1L CCPR1H CCP1CON WDTCON CMCON0 CMCON1 ADRESH ADCON0 OPTION_REG TRISIO PIE1 PCON OSCCON OSCTUNE PR2 WPU IOC VRCON EEDAT EEADR Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
-- 00h/80h 01h 02h/82h 03h/83h 04h/84h 05h 0Ah/8Ah 0Bh/8Bh 0Ch 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 18h 19h 20h 1Eh 1Fh 81h 85h 8Ch 8Eh 8Fh 90h 92h 95h 96h 99h 9Ah 9Bh
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx --x0 x000 ---0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0000 0000 -000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx --00 0000 ---0 1000 0000 0000 ---- --10 xxxx xxxx 00-- 0000 1111 1111 --11 1111 0000 0000 --01 --0x -110 q000 ---0 0000 1111 1111 --11 -111 --00 0000 0-0- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently. One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up). When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h). See Table 12-5 for Reset value for specific condition. If Reset was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other Resets will cause bit 0 = u.
DS41211D-page 90
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 12-4:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Address Power-on Reset MCLR Reset WDT Reset Brown-out Reset(1) ---- q000 ---- ---uuuu uuuu -000 1111 Wake-up from Sleep through Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep through WDT Time-out ---- uuuu ---- ---uuuu uuuu -uuu uuuu
EECON1 EECON2 ADRESL ANSEL Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh
---- x000 ---- ---xxxx xxxx -000 1111
u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently. One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up). When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h). See Table 12-5 for Reset value for specific condition. If Reset was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other Resets will cause bit 0 = u.
TABLE 12-5:
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Condition Program Counter 000h 000h 000h 000h PC + 1 000h PC + 1
(1)
Status Register 0001 1xxx 000u uuuu 0001 0uuu 0000 uuuu uuu0 0uuu 0001 1uuu uuu1 0uuu
PCON Register --01 --0x --0u --uu --0u --uu --0u --uu --uu --uu --01 --10 --uu --uu
Power-on Reset MCLR Reset during Normal Operation MCLR Reset during Sleep WDT Reset WDT Wake-up Brown-out Reset Interrupt Wake-up from Sleep
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0'. Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE, is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h) after execution of PC + 1.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 91
PIC12F683
12.4
* * * * * * * * * *
Interrupts
The PIC12F683 has multiple interrupt sources: External Interrupt GP2/INT Timer0 Overflow Interrupt GPIO Change Interrupts Comparator Interrupt A/D Interrupt Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Timer2 Match Interrupt EEPROM Data Write Interrupt Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Interrupt CCP Interrupt
For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or GPIO change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency depends upon when the interrupt event occurs (see Figure 12-8). The latency is the same for one or two-cycle instructions. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid multiple interrupt requests. Note 1: Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding mask bit or the GIE bit. 2: When an instruction that clears the GIE bit is executed, any interrupts that were pending for execution in the next cycle are ignored. The interrupts, which were ignored, are still pending to be serviced when the GIE bit is set again. For additional information on Timer1, Timer2, comparators, ADC, data EEPROM or Enhanced CCP modules, refer to the respective peripheral section.
The Interrupt Control register (INTCON) and Peripheral Interrupt Request Register 1 (PIR1) record individual interrupt requests in flag bits. The INTCON register also has individual and global interrupt enable bits. The Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE of the INTCON register, enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts, or disables (if cleared) all interrupts. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding enable bits in the INTCON register and PIE1 register. GIE is cleared on Reset. When an interrupt is serviced, the following actions occur automatically: * The GIE is cleared to disable any further interrupt. * The return address is pushed onto the stack. * The PC is loaded with 0004h. The Return from Interrupt instruction, RETFIE, exits the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which re-enables unmasked interrupts. The following interrupt flags are contained in the INTCON register: * INT Pin Interrupt * GPIO Change Interrupt * Timer0 Overflow Interrupt The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the PIR1 register. The corresponding interrupt enable bit is contained in the PIE1 register. The following interrupt flags are contained in the PIR1 register: * * * * * * * EEPROM Data Write Interrupt A/D Interrupt Comparator Interrupt Timer1 Overflow Interrupt Timer2 Match Interrupt Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Interrupt CCP Interrupt
12.4.1
GP2/INT INTERRUPT
The external interrupt on the GP2/INT pin is edge-triggered; either on the rising edge if the INTEDG bit of the OPTION register is set, or the falling edge, if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge appears on the GP2/INT pin, the INTF bit of the INTCON register is set. This interrupt can be disabled by clearing the INTE control bit of the INTCON register. The INTF bit must be cleared by software in the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The GP2/INT interrupt can wake-up the processor from Sleep, if the INTE bit was set prior to going into Sleep. See Section 12.7 "Power-Down Mode (Sleep)" for details on Sleep and Figure 12-10 for timing of wake-up from Sleep through GP2/INT interrupt. Note: The ANSEL and CMCON0 registers must be initialized to configure an analog channel as a digital input. Pins configured as analog inputs will read `0' and cannot generate an interrupt.
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PIC12F683
12.4.2 TIMER0 INTERRUPT 12.4.3 GPIO INTERRUPT
An overflow (FFh 00h) in the TMR0 register will set the T0IF (INTCON<2>) bit. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing the T0IE bit of the INTCON register. See Section 5.0 "Timer0 Module" for operation of the Timer0 module. An input change on GPIO change sets the GPIF bit of the INTCON register. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing the GPIE bit of the INTCON register. Plus, individual pins can be configured through the IOC register. Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when any GPIO operation is being executed, then the GPIF interrupt flag may not get set.
FIGURE 12-7:
INTERRUPT LOGIC
IOC-GP0 IOC0 IOC-GP1 IOC1 IOC-GP2 IOC2 IOC-GP3 IOC3 IOC-GP4 IOC4 IOC-GP5 IOC5 TMR2IF TMR2IE TMR1IF TMR1IE CMIF CMIE ADIF ADIE EEIF EEIE OSFIF OSFIE CCP1IF CCP1IE T0IF T0IE INTF INTE GPIF GPIE PEIE GIE Wake-up (If in Sleep mode)
Interrupt to CPU
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
FIGURE 12-8:
Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT (3) (4) INT pin INTF flag (INTCON reg.) GIE bit (INTCON reg.) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction Fetched Instruction Executed Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: (1) (5) (1) Interrupt Latency (2)
INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PC
PC + 1 Inst (PC + 1)
PC + 1 --
0004h Inst (0004h)
0005h Inst (0005h) Inst (0004h)
Inst (PC)
Inst (PC - 1)
Inst (PC)
Dummy Cycle
Dummy Cycle
INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1). Asynchronous interrupt latency = 3-4 TCY. Synchronous latency = 3 TCY, where TCY = instruction cycle time. Latency is the same whether Inst (PC) is a single cycle or a 2-cycle instruction. CLKOUT is available only in INTOSC and RC Oscillator modes. For minimum width of INT pulse, refer to AC specifications in Section 15.0 "Electrical Specifications". INTF is enabled to be set any time during the Q4-Q1 cycles.
TABLE 12-6:
Name INTCON IOC PIR1 PIE1
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERRUPTS
Bit 6 PEIE -- ADIF ADIE Bit 5 T0IE IOC5 CCP1IF CCP1IE Bit 4 INTE IOC4 -- -- Bit 3 GPIE IOC3 CMIF CMIE Bit 2 T0IF IOC2 OSFIF OSFIE Bit 1 INTF IOC1 TMR2IF TMR2IE Bit 0 GPIF IOC0 TMR1IF Value on POR, BOR Value on all other Resets
Bit 7 GIE -- EEIF EEIE
0000 0000 0000 0000 --00 0000 --00 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000
TMR1IE 000- 0000 000- 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as `0', q = value depends upon condition. Shaded cells are not used by the interrupt module.
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PIC12F683
12.5 Context Saving During Interrupts
Note: The PIC12F683 normally does not require saving the PCLATH. However, if computed GOTO's are used in the ISR and the main code, the PCLATH must be saved and restored in the ISR. During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key registers during an interrupt (e.g., W and STATUS registers). This must be implemented in software. Since the lower 16 bytes of all banks are common in the PIC12F683 (see Figure 2-2), temporary holding registers, W_TEMP and STATUS_TEMP, should be placed in here. These 16 locations do not require banking and therefore, makes it easier to context save and restore. The same code shown in Example 12-1 can be used to: * * * * * Store the W register. Store the STATUS register. Execute the ISR code. Restore the Status (and Bank Select Bit register). Restore the W register.
EXAMPLE 12-1:
MOVWF SWAPF
SAVING STATUS AND W REGISTERS IN RAM
;Copy W to TEMP ;Swap status to ;Swaps are used ;Save status to register be saved into W because they do not affect the status bits bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
W_TEMP STATUS,W
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP : :(ISR) : SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W MOVWF SWAPF SWAPF STATUS W_TEMP,F W_TEMP,W
;Insert user code here ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W ;(sets bank to original state) ;Move W into STATUS register ;Swap W_TEMP ;Swap W_TEMP into W
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
12.6
* * * * *
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
12.6.2
WDT CONTROL
The WDT has the following features: Operates from the LFINTOSC (31 kHz) Contains a 16-bit prescaler Shares an 8-bit prescaler with Timer0 Time-out period is from 1 ms to 268 seconds Configuration bit and software controlled
The WDTE bit is located in the Configuration Word register. When set, the WDT runs continuously. When the WDTE bit in the Configuration Word register is set, the SWDTEN bit of the WDTCON register has no effect. If WDTE is clear, then the SWDTEN bit can be used to enable and disable the WDT. Setting the bit will enable it and clearing the bit will disable it. The PSA and PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION register have the same function as in previous versions of the PIC12F683 Family of microcontrollers. See Section 5.0 "Timer0 Module" for more information.
WDT is cleared under certain conditions described in Table 12-7.
12.6.1
WDT OSCILLATOR
The WDT derives its time base from the 31 kHz LFINTOSC. The LTS bit of the OSCCON register does not reflect that the LFINTOSC is enabled. The value of WDTCON is `---0 1000' on all Resets. This gives a nominal time base of 17 ms. Note: When the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is invoked, the WDT is held in Reset, because the WDT Ripple Counter is used by the OST to perform the oscillator delay count. When the OST count has expired, the WDT will begin counting (if enabled).
FIGURE 12-9:
WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
From Timer0 Clock Source 0 Prescaler(1) 16-bit WDT Prescaler 1 8 PSA
PS<2:0> To Timer0 0 1 PSA
31 kHz LFINTOSC Clock
WDTPS<3:0>
WDTE from Configuration Word register SWDTEN from WDTCON WDT Time-out Note 1: This is the shared Timer0/WDT prescaler. See Section 5.0 "Timer0 Module" for more information.
TABLE 12-7:
WDTE = 0
WDT STATUS
Conditions WDT
CLRWDT Command Oscillator Fail Detected Exit Sleep + System Clock = T1OSC, EXTRC, INTRC, EXTCLK Exit Sleep + System Clock = XT, HS, LP
Cleared
Cleared until the end of OST
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PIC12F683
REGISTER 12-2:
U-0 -- bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-5 bit 4-1 W = Writable bit `1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' `0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
WDTCON: WATCHDOG TIMER CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 WDTPS3 R/W-1 WDTPS2 R/W-0 WDTPS1 R/W-0 WDTPS0 R/W-0 SWDTEN bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as `0' WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Period Select bits Bit Value = Prescale Rate 0000 = 1:32 0001 = 1:64 0010 = 1:128 0011 = 1:256 0100 = 1:512 (Reset value) 0101 = 1:1024 0110 = 1:2048 0111 = 1:4096 1000 = 1:8192 1001 = 1:16384 1010 = 1:32768 1011 = 1:65536 1100 = Reserved 1101 = Reserved 1110 = Reserved 1111 = Reserved SWDTEN: Software Enable or Disable the Watchdog Timer(1) 1 = WDT is turned on 0 = WDT is turned off (Reset value) If WDTE Configuration bit = 1, then WDT is always enabled, irrespective of this control bit. If WDTE Configuration bit = 0, then it is possible to turn WDT on/off with this control bit.
bit 0
Note 1:
TABLE 12-8:
Name WDTCON OPTION_REG CONFIG Legend: Note 1:
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATCHDOG TIMER
Bit 7 -- GPPU CPD Bit 6 -- INTEDG CP Bit 5 -- T0CS MCLRE Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR, BOR ---0 1000 1111 1111 -- Value on all other Resets ---0 1000 1111 1111 --
WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WSTPS1 WDTPS0 SWDTEN T0SE PWRTE PSA WDTE PS2 FOSC2 PS1 FOSC1 PS0 FOSC0
Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer. See Register 12-1 for operation of all Configuration Word register bits.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
12.7 Power-Down Mode (Sleep)
The Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If the Watchdog Timer is enabled: * * * * * WDT will be cleared but keeps running. PD bit in the STATUS register is cleared. TO bit is set. Oscillator driver is turned off. I/O ports maintain the status they had before SLEEP was executed (driving high, low or high-impedance). When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next instruction (PC + 1) is prefetched. For the device to wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up occurs regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after the SLEEP instruction, then branches to the interrupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction. Note: If the global interrupts are disabled (GIE is cleared) and any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit and the corresponding interrupt flag bits set, the device will immediately wake-up from Sleep.
For lowest current consumption in this mode, all I/O pins should be either at VDD or VSS, with no external circuitry drawing current from the I/O pin and the comparators and CVREF should be disabled. I/O pins that are high-impedance inputs should be pulled high or low externally to avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for lowest current consumption. The contribution from on-chip pull-ups on GPIO should be considered. The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level. Note: It should be noted that a Reset generated by a WDT time-out does not drive MCLR pin low.
The WDT is cleared when the device wakes up from Sleep, regardless of the source of wake-up.
12.7.2
WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS
When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur: * If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will complete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT prescaler and postscaler (if enabled) will not be cleared, the TO bit will not be set and the PD bit will not be cleared. * If the interrupt occurs during or after the execution of a SLEEP instruction, the device will Immediately wake-up from Sleep. The SLEEP instruction is executed. Therefore, the WDT and WDT prescaler and postscaler (if enabled) will be cleared, the TO bit will be set and the PD bit will be cleared. Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction was executed as a NOP. To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruction should be executed before a SLEEP instruction. See Figure 12-10 for more details.
12.7.1
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake-up from Sleep through one of the following events: 1. 2. 3. External Reset input on MCLR pin. Watchdog Timer wake-up (if WDT was enabled). Interrupt from GP2/INT pin, GPIO change or a peripheral interrupt.
The first event will cause a device Reset. The two latter events are considered a continuation of program execution. The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register can be used to determine the cause of a device Reset. The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when Sleep is invoked. TO bit is cleared if WDT wake-up occurred. The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device from Sleep: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Timer1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an asynchronous counter. ECCP Capture mode interrupt. A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is FRC). EEPROM write operation completion. Comparator output changes state. Interrupt-on-change. External Interrupt from INT pin.
Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since during Sleep, no on-chip clocks are present.
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PIC12F683
FIGURE 12-10: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOST(2) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT(4) INT pin INTF flag (INTCON<1>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>) Instruction Flow PC Processor in Sleep Interrupt Latency (3)
PC Instruction Inst(PC) = Sleep Fetched Instruction Inst(PC - 1) Executed 1: 2: 3: 4:
PC + 1 Inst(PC + 1) Sleep
PC + 2
PC + 2 Inst(PC + 2) Inst(PC + 1)
PC + 2
0004h Inst(0004h)
0005h Inst(0005h) Inst(0004h)
Dummy Cycle
Dummy Cycle
Note
XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed. TOST = 1024 TOSC (drawing not to scale). This delay does not apply to EC and RCIO Oscillator modes. GIE = 1 assumed. In this case after wake-up, the processor jumps to 0004h. If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line. CLKOUT is not available in XT, HS, LP or EC Oscillator modes, but shown here for timing reference.
12.8
Code Protection
If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out using ICSPTM for verification purposes. Note: The entire data EEPROM and Flash program memory will be erased when the code protection is turned off. See the "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41204) for more information.
12.9
ID Locations
Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated as ID locations where the user can store checksum or other code identification numbers. These locations are not accessible during normal execution, but are readable and writable during Program/Verify mode. Only the Least Significant 7 bits of the ID locations are used.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 99
PIC12F683
12.10 In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM
The PIC12F683 microcontrollers can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is simply done with five connections for: * * * * * clock data power ground programming voltage
12.11 In-Circuit Debugger
Since in-circuit debugging requires access to three pins, MPLAB(R) ICD 2 development with a 14-pin device is not practical. A special 14-pin PIC12F683 ICD device is used with MPLAB ICD 2 to provide separate clock, data and MCLR pins and frees all normally available pins to the user. A special debugging adapter allows the ICD device to be used in place of a PIC12F683 device. The debugging adapter is the only source of the ICD device. When the ICD pin on the PIC12F683 ICD device is held low, the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled. This function allows simple debugging functions when used with MPLAB ICD 2. When the microcontroller has this feature enabled, some of the resources are not available for general use. Table 12-9 shows which features are consumed by the background debugger.
This allows customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed devices and then program the microcontroller just before shipping the product. This also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware to be programmed. The device is placed into a Program/Verify mode by holding the GP0 and GP1 pins low, while raising the MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH. See the "PIC12F6XX/16F6XX Memory Programming Specification" (DS41204) for more information. GP0 becomes the programming data and GP1 becomes the programming clock. Both GP0 and GP1 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in Program/Verify mode. A typical In-Circuit Serial Programming connection is shown in Figure 12-11.
TABLE 12-9:
Resource Stack
DEBUGGER RESOURCES
Description 1 level Address 0h must be NOP 700h-7FFh
Program Memory
FIGURE 12-11:
TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
To Normal Connections
For more information, see "MPLAB(R) ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger User's Guide" (DS51331), available on Microchip's web site (www.microchip.com).
FIGURE 12-12:
14-PIN ICD PINOUT
External Connector Signals +5V 0V VPP CLK Data I/O
14-Pin PDIP In-Circuit Debug Device
PIC12F683
ICDMCLR VDD GP5 GP4 GP3 ICD 2 3 4 5 6 7 NC 1 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 ICDCLK ICDDATA GND GP0 GP1 GP2 NC
*
VSS MCLR/VPP/GP3 GP1 GP0
*
*
*
To Normal Connections * Isolation devices (as required)
DS41211D-page 100
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PIC12F683-ICD
VDD
PIC12F683
13.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
TABLE 13-1:
Field
f W b k x
The PIC12F683 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is comprised of three basic categories: * Byte-oriented operations * Bit-oriented operations * Literal and control operations Each PIC16 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type and one or more operands, which further specify the operation of the instruction. The formats for each of the categories is presented in Figure 13-1, while the various opcode fields are summarized in Table 13-1. Table 13-2 lists the instructions recognized by the MPASMTM assembler. For byte-oriented instructions, `f' represents a file register designator and `d' represents a destination designator. The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If `d' is zero, the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is one, the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, `b' represents a bit field designator, which selects the bit affected by the operation, while `f' represents the address of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, `k' represents an 8-bit or 11-bit constant, or literal value. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods; for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a nominal instruction execution time of 1 s. All instructions are executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true, or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. When this occurs, the execution takes two instruction cycles, with the second cycle executed as a NOP. All instruction examples use the format `0xhh' to represent a hexadecimal number, where `h' signifies a hexadecimal digit.
OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Description
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0: store result in W, d = 1: store result in file register f. Default is d = 1. Program Counter Time-out bit Carry bit Digit carry bit Zero bit Power-down bit
d
PC TO C DC Z PD
FIGURE 13-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
0
Byte-oriented file register operations 13 876 OPCODE d f (FILE #) d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 7-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 13 10 9 76 OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) b = 3-bit bit address f = 7-bit file register address Literal and control operations General 13 OPCODE 8 7 k (literal)
0
13.1
Read-Modify-Write Operations
0
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W) operation. The register is read, the data is modified, and the result is stored according to either the instruction, or the destination designator `d'. A read operation is performed on a register even if the instruction writes to that register. For example, a CLRF PORTA instruction will read PORTA, clear all the data bits, then write the result back to PORTA. This example would have the unintended consequence of clearing the condition that set the RAIF flag.
k = 8-bit immediate value CALL and GOTO instructions only 13 11 OPCODE 10 k (literal) 0
k = 11-bit immediate value
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
TABLE 13-2:
Mnemonic, Operands
PIC12F683 INSTRUCTION SET
14-Bit Opcode Description Cycles MSb BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS LSb Status Affected Notes
ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF
f, d f, d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d
Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate Left f through Carry Rotate Right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap nibbles in f Exclusive OR W with f
1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0111 0101 0001 0001 1001 0011 1011 1010 1111 0100 1000 0000 0000 1101 1100 0010 1110 0110
dfff dfff lfff 0xxx dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff lfff 0xx0 dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff
ffff ffff ffff xxxx ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff
C, DC, Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
1, 2 1, 2 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1, 2
C C C, DC, Z Z
1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ADDLW ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW RETFIE RETLW RETURN SLEEP SUBLW XORLW Note 1: f, b f, b f, b f, b k k k - k k k - k - - k k Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set Add literal and W AND literal with W Call Subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Go to address Inclusive OR literal with W Move literal to W Return from interrupt Return with literal in W Return from Subroutine Go into Standby mode Subtract W from literal Exclusive OR literal with W 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 01 01 01 01 00bb 01bb 10bb 11bb bfff bfff bfff bfff ffff ffff ffff ffff C, DC, Z Z TO, PD Z 1, 2 1, 2 3 3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS 11 11 10 00 10 11 11 00 11 00 00 11 11 111x 1001 0kkk 0000 1kkk 1000 00xx 0000 01xx 0000 0000 110x 1010 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0110 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0110 kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 1001 kkkk 1000 0011 kkkk kkkk
TO, PD C, DC, Z Z
2: 3:
When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF GPIO, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is `1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a `0'. If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned to the Timer0 module. If the Program Counter (PC) is modified, or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP.
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PIC12F683
13.2
ADDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Instruction Descriptions
Add literal and W [ label ] ADDLW 0 k 255 (W) + k (W) C, DC, Z The contents of the W register are added to the eight-bit literal `k' and the result is placed in the W register. Operation: Status Affected: Description: k BCF Syntax: Operands: Bit Clear f [ label ] BCF 0 f 127 0b7 0 (f) None Bit `b' in register `f' is cleared. f,b
ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Add W and f [ label ] ADDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) + (f) (destination) C, DC, Z Add the contents of the W register with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'. f,d
BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Bit Set f [ label ] BSF 0 f 127 0b7 1 (f) None Bit `b' in register `f' is set. f,b
ANDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
AND literal with W [ label ] ANDLW 0 k 255 (W) .AND. (k) (W) Z The contents of W register are AND'ed with the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in the W register. k
BTFSC Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear [ label ] BTFSC f,b 0 f 127 0b7 skip if (f) = 0 None If bit `b' in register `f' is `1', the next instruction is executed. If bit `b', in register `f', is `0', the next instruction is discarded, and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2-cycle instruction.
ANDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
AND W with f [ label ] ANDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) (destination) Z AND the W register with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'. f,d
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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BTFSS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Bit Test f, Skip if Set [ label ] BTFSS f,b 0 f 127 0b<7 skip if (f) = 1 None If bit `b' in register `f' is `0', the next instruction is executed. If bit `b' is `1', then the next instruction is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2-cycle instruction. Status Affected: Description: CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation: Clear Watchdog Timer [ label ] CLRWDT None 00h WDT 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO 1 PD TO, PD CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the prescaler of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD are set.
CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Call Subroutine [ label ] CALL k 0 k 2047 (PC)+ 1 TOS, k PC<10:0>, (PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11> None Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC + 1) is pushed onto the stack. The eleven-bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of the PC are loaded from PCLATH. CALL is a two-cycle instruction.
COMF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Complement f [ label ] COMF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (destination) Z The contents of register `f' are complemented. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in W. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'. f,d
Status Affected: Description:
CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Clear f [ label ] CLRF 0 f 127 00h (f) 1Z Z The contents of register `f' are cleared and the Z bit is set. f
DECF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Decrement f [ label ] DECF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (destination) Z Decrement register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'.
CLRW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Clear W [ label ] CLRW None 00h (W) 1Z Z W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set.
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DECFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Decrement f, Skip if 0 [ label ] DECFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (destination); skip if result = 0 None The contents of register `f' are decremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f'. If the result is `1', the next instruction is executed. If the result is `0', then a NOP is executed instead, making it a 2-cycle instruction. INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Increment f, Skip if 0 [ label ] INCFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (destination), skip if result = 0 None The contents of register `f' are incremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f'. If the result is `1', the next instruction is executed. If the result is `0', a NOP is executed instead, making it a 2-cycle instruction.
GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Unconditional Branch [ label ] GOTO k 0 k 2047 k PC<10:0> PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11> None GOTO is an unconditional branch. The eleven-bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a two-cycle instruction.
IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Inclusive OR literal with W [ label ] IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. k (W) Z The contents of the W register are OR'ed with the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in the W register.
INCF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Increment f [ label ] INCF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (destination) Z The contents of register `f' are incremented. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f'.
IORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Inclusive OR W with f [ label ] IORWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .OR. (f) (destination) Z Inclusive OR the W register with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f'.
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MOVF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Move f [ label ] MOVF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (dest) Z The contents of register f is moved to a destination dependent upon the status of d. If d = 0, destination is W register. If d = 1, the destination is file register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file register since status flag Z is affected. 1 1
MOVF FSR, 0
MOVWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
Move W to f [ label ] (W) (f) None Move data from W register to register `f'. 1 1 MOVW F OPTION MOVWF f 0 f 127
Words: Cycles: Example:
Before Instruction OPTION = W = After Instruction OPTION = W =
0xFF 0x4F 0x4F 0x4F
After Instruction W= value in FSR register Z=1
MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Move literal to W [ label ] k (W) None The eight-bit literal `k' is loaded into W register. The "don't cares" will assemble as `0's. 1 1
MOVLW 0x5A
NOP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Words: Cycles: Example:
No Operation [ label ] None No operation None No operation. 1 1
NOP
MOVLW k
NOP
0 k 255
Words: Cycles: Example:
After Instruction W=
0x5A
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RETFIE Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Return from Interrupt [ label ] None TOS PC, 1 GIE None Return from Interrupt. Stack is POPed and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded in the PC. Interrupts are enabled by setting Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). This is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2
RETFIE
RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Return with literal in W [ label ] RETLW k 0 k 255 k (W); TOS PC None The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal `k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2 CALL TABLE;W contains table
;offset value * ;W now has table value * * ADDWF PC ;W = offset RETLW k1 ;Begin table RETLW k2 ; * * * RETLW kn ; End of table
RETFIE
Words: Cycles: Example:
Words: Cycles: Example:
After Interrupt PC = GIE =
TABLE TOS 1
Before Instruction W = 0x07 After Instruction W = value of k8
RETURN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Return from Subroutine [ label ] None TOS PC None Return from subroutine. The stack is POPed and the top of the stack (TOS) is loaded into the program counter. This is a two-cycle instruction. RETURN
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RLF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Rotate Left f through Carry [ label ] 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C The contents of register `f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry flag. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'.
C Register f
SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Enter Sleep mode [ label ] SLEEP None 00h WDT, 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO, 0 PD TO, PD The power-down Status bit, PD is cleared. Time-out Status bit, TO is set. Watchdog Timer and its prescaler are cleared. The processor is put into Sleep mode with the oscillator stopped.
RLF
f,d
Status Affected: Description:
Words: Cycles: Example:
1 1
RLF REG1,0 REG1 C = = = = = 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 1100 1100 1
Before Instruction
After Instruction
REG1 W C
RRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Rotate Right f through Carry [ label ] RRF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C The contents of register `f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry flag. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed back in register `f'.
C Register f
SUBLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Description:
Subtract W from literal [ label ] SUBLW k 0 k 255 k - (W) (W) The W register is subtracted (2's complement method) from the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in the W register. C=0 C=1 DC = 0 DC = 1 W>k Wk W<3:0> > k<3:0> W<3:0> k<3:0>
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
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SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Description: Subtract W from f [ label ] SUBWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - (W) (destination) Subtract (2's complement method) W register from register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f. C=0 C=1 DC = 0 DC = 1 W>f Wf W<3:0> > f<3:0> W<3:0> f<3:0> XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description: Exclusive OR literal with W [ label ] XORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k (W) Z The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight-bit literal `k'. The result is placed in the W register.
Status Affected: C, DC, Z
SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Swap Nibbles in f [ label ] SWAPF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>), (f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>) None The upper and lower nibbles of register `f' are exchanged. If `d' is `0', the result is placed in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is placed in register `f'.
XORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Description:
Exclusive OR W with f [ label ] XORWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) (destination) Z Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register `f'. If `d' is `0', the result is stored in the W register. If `d' is `1', the result is stored back in register `f'. f,d
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NOTES:
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14.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
14.1
The PIC(R) microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software * Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers - MPASMTM Assembler - MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers - MPLINKTM Object Linker/ MPLIBTM Object Librarian - MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library * Simulators - MPLAB SIM Software Simulator * Emulators - MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator - MPLAB REAL ICETM In-Circuit Emulator * In-Circuit Debugger - MPLAB ICD 2 * Device Programmers - PICSTART(R) Plus Development Programmer - MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer - PICkitTM 2 Development Programmer * Low-Cost Demonstration and Development Boards and Evaluation Kits
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows(R) operating system-based application that contains: * A single graphical interface to all debugging tools - Simulator - Programmer (sold separately) - Emulator (sold separately) - In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately) * A full-featured editor with color-coded context * A multiple project manager * Customizable data windows with direct edit of contents * High-level source code debugging * Visual device initializer for easy register initialization * Mouse over variable inspection * Drag and drop variables from source to watch windows * Extensive on-line help * Integration of select third party tools, such as HI-TECH Software C Compilers and IAR C Compilers The MPLAB IDE allows you to: * Edit your source files (either assembly or C) * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PIC MCU emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - Source files (assembly or C) - Mixed assembly and C - Machine code MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost-effective simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility and power.
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14.2 MPASM Assembler 14.5
The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for all PIC MCUs. The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel(R) standard HEX files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines and generated machine code and COFF files for debugging. The MPASM Assembler features include: * Integration into MPLAB IDE projects * User-defined macros to streamline assembly code * Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files * Directives that allow complete control over the assembly process
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker and Librarian
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 C Compiler uses the assembler to produce its object file. The assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an executable file. Notable features of the assembler include: * * * * * * Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set Support for fixed-point and floating-point data Command line interface Rich directive set Flexible macro language MPLAB IDE compatibility
14.6 14.3 MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers
MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
The MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 Code Development Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip's PIC18 and PIC24 families of microcontrollers and the dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 family of digital signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger.
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC-hosted environment by simulating the PIC MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of the simulator to record and track program execution, actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers. The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers, and the MPASM and MPLAB ASM30 Assemblers. The software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the hardware laboratory environment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool.
14.4
MPLINK Object Linker/ MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects from precompiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of precompiled code. When a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. This allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. The object linker/library features include: * Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files * Enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together * Flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
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14.7 MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance In-Circuit Emulator 14.9 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
Microchip's In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool, connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash PIC MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. The MPLAB ICD 2 utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built into the Flash devices. This feature, along with Microchip's In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol, offers costeffective, in-circuit Flash debugging from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment. This enables a designer to develop and debug source code by setting breakpoints, single stepping and watching variables, and CPU status and peripheral registers. Running at full speed enables testing hardware and applications in real time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development programmer for selected PIC devices.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PIC microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator is advanced by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which allows editing, building, downloading and source debugging from a single environment. The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The architecture of the MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator allows expansion to support new PIC microcontrollers. The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator system has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are typically found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 32-bit operating system were chosen to best make these features available in a simple, unified application.
14.10 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal, CE compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display (128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modular, detachable socket assembly to support various package types. The ICSPTM cable assembly is included as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3 connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable. The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and optimized algorithms for quick programming of large memory devices and incorporates an SD/MMC card for file storage and secure data applications.
14.8
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is Microchip's next generation high-speed emulator for Microchip Flash DSC(R) and MCU devices. It debugs and programs PIC(R) and dsPIC(R) Flash microcontrollers with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE), included with each kit. The MPLAB REAL ICE probe is connected to the design engineer's PC using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with either a connector compatible with the popular MPLAB ICD 2 system (RJ11) or with the new high speed, noise tolerant, lowvoltage differential signal (LVDS) interconnection (CAT5). MPLAB REAL ICE is field upgradeable through future firmware downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming releases of MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported, and new features will be added, such as software breakpoints and assembly code trace. MPLAB REAL ICE offers significant advantages over competitive emulators including low-cost, full-speed emulation, real-time variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters) interconnection cables.
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14.11 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer
The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is an easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer supports most PIC devices in DIP packages up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket. The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is CE compliant.
14.13 Demonstration, Development and Evaluation Boards
A wide variety of demonstration, development and evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs allows quick application development on fully functional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware and source code for examination and modification. The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs, temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232 interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional EEPROM memory. The demonstration and development boards can be used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom circuits and for learning about various microcontroller applications. In addition to the PICDEMTM and dsPICDEMTM demonstration/development board series of circuits, Microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for analog filter design, KEELOQ(R) security ICs, CAN, IrDA(R), PowerSmart(R) battery management, SEEVAL(R) evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate sensing, plus many more. Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com) and the latest "Product Selector Guide" (DS00148) for the complete list of demonstration, development and evaluation kits.
14.12 PICkit 2 Development Programmer
The PICkitTM 2 Development Programmer is a low-cost programmer and selected Flash device debugger with an easy-to-use interface for programming many of Microchip's baseline, mid-range and PIC18F families of Flash memory microcontrollers. The PICkit 2 Starter Kit includes a prototyping development board, twelve sequential lessons, software and HI-TECH's PICCTM Lite C compiler, and is designed to help get up to speed quickly using PIC(R) microcontrollers. The kit provides everything needed to program, evaluate and develop applications using Microchip's powerful, mid-range Flash memory family of microcontrollers.
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15.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings()
Ambient temperature under bias..........................................................................................................-40 to +125C Storage temperature ........................................................................................................................ -65C to +150C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ................................................................................................... -0.3V to +6.5V Voltage on MCLR with respect to Vss ............................................................................................... -0.3V to +13.5V Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ........................................................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Total power dissipation(1) ............................................................................................................................... 800 mW Maximum current out of VSS pin ...................................................................................................................... 95 mA Maximum current into VDD pin ......................................................................................................................... 95 mA Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)............................................................................................................... 20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (Vo < 0 or Vo >VDD)......................................................................................................... 20 mA Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin.................................................................................................... 25 mA Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin .............................................................................................. 25 mA Maximum current sunk by GPIO ...................................................................................................................... 90 mA Maximum current sourced GPIO...................................................................................................................... 90 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD - VOH) x IOH} + (VOl x IOL).
NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure above maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
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FIGURE 15-1: PIC12F683 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
5.5 5.0 4.5 VDD (V) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 8 10 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 20
FIGURE 15-2:
HFINTOSC FREQUENCY ACCURACY OVER DEVICE VDD AND TEMPERATURE
125 5% 85 Temperature (C)
60
2%
25
1%
0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 VDD (V)
4.5
5.0
5.5
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15.1 DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-I (Industrial) PIC12F683-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.5 1.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- VSS 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 -- -- V V V V V V Conditions FOSC < = 8 MHz: HFINTOSC, EC FOSC < = 4 MHz FOSC < = 10 MHz FOSC < = 20 MHz Device in Sleep mode See Section 12.3.1 "Power-on Reset" for details.
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. D001 D001C D001D D002* D003 VDR VPOR RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD Start Voltage to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal VDD Rise Rate to ensure internal Power-on Reset signal
Sym VDD
Characteristic Supply Voltage
D004*
SVDD
0.05
--
--
V/ms See Section 12.3.1 "Power-on Reset" for details.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode without losing RAM data.
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15.2 DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-I (Industrial) PIC12F683-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Conditions Device Characteristics Supply Current (IDD)(1, 2) Min -- -- -- D011* -- -- -- D012 -- -- -- D013* -- -- -- D014 -- -- -- D015 -- -- -- D016* -- -- -- D017 -- -- -- D018 -- -- -- D019 -- -- Typ 11 18 35 140 220 380 260 420 0.8 130 215 360 220 375 0.65 8 16 31 340 500 0.8 410 700 1.30 230 400 0.63 2.6 2.8 Max 16 28 54 240 380 550 360 650 1.1 220 360 520 340 550 1.0 20 40 65 450 700 1.2 650 950 1.65 400 680 1.1 3.25 3.35 Units VDD A A A A A A A A mA A A A A A mA A A A A A mA A A mA A A mA mA mA 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 FOSC = 20 MHz HS Oscillator mode FOSC = 4 MHz EXTRC mode(3) FOSC = 8 MHz HFINTOSC mode FOSC = 4 MHz HFINTOSC mode FOSC = 31 kHz LFINTOSC mode FOSC = 4 MHz EC Oscillator mode FOSC = 1 MHz EC Oscillator mode FOSC = 4 MHz XT Oscillator mode FOSC = 1 MHz XT Oscillator mode Note FOSC = 32 kHz LP Oscillator mode
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param No. D010
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD; MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on the current consumption. 3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be extended by the formula IR = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k.
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15.3 DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-I (Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial Conditions Device Characteristics Power-down Base Current(IPD)(2) Min -- -- -- -- D021 -- -- -- D022 D023 -- -- -- -- -- D024 -- -- -- D025* -- -- -- D026 -- -- -- D027 -- -- Typ 0.05 0.15 0.35 150 1.0 2.0 3.0 42 85 32 60 120 30 45 75 39 59 98 4.5 5.0 6.0 0.30 0.36 Max 1.2 1.5 1.8 500 2.2 4.0 7.0 60 122 45 78 160 36 55 95 47 72 124 7.0 8.0 12 1.6 1.9 Units VDD A A A nA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 A/D Current(1), no conversion in progress T1OSC Current(1), 32.768 kHz CVREF Current(1) (low range) CVREF Current(1) (high range) Comparator Current(1), both comparators enabled BOR Current(1) -40C TA +25C WDT Current(1) Note WDT, BOR, Comparators, VREF and T1OSC disabled
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. D020
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. The peripheral current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max values should be used when calculating total current consumption. 2: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 119
PIC12F683
15.4
DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C for extended Conditions Device Characteristics Power-down Base Current (IPD)(2) Min -- -- -- D021E -- -- -- D022E D023E -- -- -- -- -- D024E -- -- -- D025E* -- -- -- D026E -- -- -- D027E -- -- Typ 0.05 0.15 0.35 1 2 3 42 85 32 60 120 30 45 75 39 59 98 4.5 5 6 0.30 0.36 Max 9 11 15 17.5 19 22 65 127 45 78 160 70 90 120 91 117 156 25 30 40 12 16 Units VDD A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 A/D Current(1), no conversion in progress T1OSC Current(1), 32.768 kHz CVREF Current(1) (low range) CVREF Current(1) (high range) Comparator Current(1), both comparators enabled BOR Current(1) WDT Current(1) Note WDT, BOR, Comparators, VREF and T1OSC disabled
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. D020E
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: The peripheral current is the sum of the base IDD or IPD and the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. The peripheral current can be determined by subtracting the base IDD or IPD current from this limit. Max values should be used when calculating total current consumption. 2: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD.
DS41211D-page 120
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
15.5 DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-I (Industrial) PIC12F683-E (Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No.
Sym
VIL
Characteristic
Input Low Voltage I/O Port: with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger buffer MCLR, OSC1 (RC mode)(1) OSC1 (XT and LP modes) OSC1 (HS mode)
D030 D030A D031 D032 D033 D033A VIH D040 D040A D041 D042 D043 D043A D043B IIL D060 D061 D063 D070* D080 VOH D090 * Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: IPUR VOL
Vss Vss Vss VSS VSS VSS
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
0.8 0.15 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.3 0.3 VDD
V V V V V V
4.5V VDD 5.5V 2.0V VDD 4.5V 2.0V VDD 5.5V
Input High Voltage I/O ports: with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger buffer MCLR OSC1 (XT and LP modes) OSC1 (HS mode) OSC1 (RC mode) Input Leakage Current(2) I/O ports MCLR(3) OSC1 GPIO Weak Pull-up Current Output Low I/O ports Output High Voltage(5) I/O ports VDD - 0.7 -- -- V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) Voltage(5) -- -- 0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V (Ind.) -- -- -- 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 250 1 5 5 400 A A A A VSS VPIN VDD, Pin at high-impedance VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP oscillator configuration VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS 2.0 0.25 VDD + 0.8 0.8 VDD 0.8 VDD 1.6 0.7 VDD 0.9 VDD -- -- -- -- -- -- -- VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD V V V V V V V (Note 1) 4.5V VDD 5.5V 2.0V VDD 4.5V 2.0V VDD 5.5V
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended to use an external clock in RC mode. Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin. The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages. See Section 10.4.1 "Using the Data EEPROM" for additional information. Including OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 121
PIC12F683
15.5 DC Characteristics: PIC12F683-I (Industrial) PIC12F683-E (Extended) (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial -40C TA +125C for extended Min
--
DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No.
D100
Sym
IULP
Characteristic
Ultra Low-Power Wake-Up Current
Typ
200
Max
--
Units
nA
Conditions
See Application Note AN879, "Using the Microchip Ultra Low-Power Wake-up Module" (DS00879)
Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins D101* COSC2 OSC2 pin -- -- 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock is used to drive OSC1
D101A* CIO D120 D120A D121 ED ED VDRW
All I/O pins Data EEPROM Memory Byte Endurance Byte Endurance VDD for Read/Write
-- 100K 10K VMIN
-- 1M 100K --
50 -- -- 5.5
pF E/W E/W V -40C TA +85C +85C TA +125C Using EECON1 to read/write VMIN = Minimum operating voltage
D122 D123 D124
TDEW TRETD TREF
Erase/Write Cycle Time Characteristic Retention Number of Total Erase/Write Cycles before Refresh(4) Program Flash Memory Cell Endurance Cell Endurance VDD for Read VDD for Erase/Write Erase/Write cycle time Characteristic Retention
-- 40 1M
5 -- 10M
6 -- --
ms Year Provided no other specifications are violated E/W -40C TA +85C
D130 D130A D131 D132 D133 D134
EP ED VPR VPEW TPEW TRETD *
10K 1K VMIN 4.5 -- 40
100K 10K -- -- 2 --
-- -- 5.5 5.5 2.5 --
E/W E/W V V ms
-40C TA +85C +85C TA +125C VMIN = Minimum operating voltage
Year Provided no other specifications are violated
Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended to use an external clock in RC mode. Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin. The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages. See Section 10.4.1 "Using the Data EEPROM" for additional information. Including OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
DS41211D-page 122
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
15.6 Thermal Considerations
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. TH01 JA Sym Characteristic Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient Typ 84.6 163.0 52.4 46.3 41.2 38.8 3.0 2.6 150 -- -- Units C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C W W Conditions
TH02
TH03 TH04 TH05 TH06 TH07 Note 1: 2: 3:
8-pin PDIP package 8-pin SOIC package 8-pin DFN-S 4x4x0.9 mm package 8-pin DFN-S 6x5 mm package JC Thermal Resistance 8-pin PDIP package Junction to Case 8-pin SOIC package 8-pin DFN-S 4x4x0.9 mm package 8-pin DFN-S 6x5 mm package TJ Junction Temperature For derated power calculations PD Power Dissipation PD = PINTERNAL + PI/O PINTERNAL Internal Power Dissipation PINTERNAL = IDD x VDD (NOTE 1) PI/O I/O Power Dissipation -- W PI/O = (IOL * VOL) + (IOH * (VDD - VOH)) PDER Derated Power -- W PDER = (TJ - TA)/JA (NOTE 2, 3) IDD is current to run the chip alone without driving any load on the output pins. TA = Ambient Temperature. Maximum allowable power dissipation is the lower value of either the absolute maximum total power dissipation or derated power (PDER).
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 123
PIC12F683
15.7 Timing Parameter Symbology
The timing parameter symbols have been created with one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F Frequency Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings: pp cc CCP1 ck CLKOUT cs CS di SDI do SDO dt Data in io I/O PORT mc MCLR Uppercase letters and their meanings: S F Fall H High I Invalid (High-impedance) L Low
T
Time
osc rd rw sc ss t0 t1 wr
OSC1 RD RD or WR SCK SS T0CKI T1CKI WR
P R V Z
Period Rise Valid High-impedance
FIGURE 15-3:
LOAD CONDITIONS
Load Condition
Pin
CL
VSS
Legend: CL =
50 pF 15 pF
for all pins for OSC2 output
DS41211D-page 124
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
15.8 AC Characteristics: PIC12F683 (Industrial, Extended)
CLOCK TIMING
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
FIGURE 15-4:
OSC1/CLKIN OS02 OS04 OS03 OSC2/CLKOUT (LP,XT,HS Modes) OS04
OSC2/CLKOUT (CLKOUT Mode)
TABLE 15-1:
CLOCK OSCILLATOR TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. OS01 Sym FOSC Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(1) Min DC DC DC DC -- 0.1 1 DC 27 250 50 50 -- 250 50 250 Typ -- -- -- -- 32.768 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30.5 -- -- -- Max 37 4 20 20 -- 4 20 4 * * * * -- 10,000 1,000 -- Units kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz s ns ns ns s ns ns ns Conditions LP Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode EC Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode RC Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode EC Oscillator mode LP Oscillator mode XT Oscillator mode HS Oscillator mode RC Oscillator mode
Oscillator Frequency(1)
OS02
TOSC
External CLKIN Period(1)
Oscillator Period(1)
200 TCY DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC 2 -- -- s LP oscillator 100 -- -- ns XT oscillator 20 -- -- ns HS oscillator OS05* TosR, External CLKIN Rise, 0 -- * ns LP oscillator TosF External CLKIN Fall 0 -- * ns XT oscillator 0 -- * ns HS oscillator * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min" values with an external clock applied to OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices.
OS03 OS04*
TCY TosH, TosL
Instruction Cycle Time(1) External CLKIN High, External CLKIN Low
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 125
PIC12F683
TABLE 15-2: OSCILLATOR PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. OS06 OS07 OS08 Sym TWARM TSC HFOSC Characteristic Internal Oscillator Switch when running(3) Fail-Safe Sample Clock Period(1) Internal Calibrated HFINTOSC Frequency(2) Freq. Tolerance -- -- 1% 2% 5% Min -- -- 7.92 7.84 7.60 Typ -- 21 8.0 8.0 8.0 Max 2 -- 8.08 8.16 8.40 Units TOSC ms MHz MHz MHz Conditions Slowest clock LFINTOSC/64 VDD = 3.5V, 25C 2.5V VDD 5.5V, 0C TA +85C 2.0V VDD 5.5V, -40C TA +85C (Ind.), -40C TA +125C (Ext.)
OS09* OS10*
LFOSC TIOSC
ST
Internal Uncalibrated LFINTOSC Frequency HFINTOSC Oscillator Wake-up from Sleep Start-up Time
-- -- -- --
15 5.5 3.5 3
31 12 7 6
45 24 14 11
kHz s s s VDD = 2.0V, -40C to +85C VDD = 3.0V, -40C to +85C VDD = 5.0V, -40C to +85C
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min" values with an external clock applied to the OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 2: To ensure these oscillator frequency tolerances, VDD and VSS must be capacitively decoupled as close to the device as possible. 0.1 F and 0.01 F values in parallel are recommended. 3: By design.
DS41211D-page 126
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 15-5:
Cycle
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING
Write Q4 Fetch Q1 Read Q2 Execute Q3
Fosc OS11 CLKOUT OS19 OS13 I/O pin (Input) OS15 I/O pin (Output) Old Value OS18, OS19 OS14 New Value OS17 OS20 OS21 OS16 OS18 OS12
TABLE 15-3:
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. OS11 OS12 OS13 OS14 OS15* OS16 OS17 OS18 OS19 OS20* OS21* * Note 1: 2: Sym TOSH2CKL TOSH2CKH TCKL2IOV TIOV2CKH TOSH2IOV TOSH2IOI TIOV2OSH TIOR TIOF TINP TGPP Characteristic FOSC to CLKOUT (1) FOSC to CLKOUT (1) CLKOUT to Port out Port input valid before valid(1) CLKOUT(1) Min -- -- -- TOSC + 200 ns -- 50 20 -- -- -- -- 25 TCY Typ -- -- -- -- 50 -- -- 15 40 28 15 -- -- Max 70 72 20 -- 70 -- -- 72 32 55 30 -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns VDD = 2.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 2.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 5.0V VDD = 5.0V Conditions VDD = 5.0V VDD = 5.0V
FOSC (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid FOSC (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time) Port input valid to FOSC (Q2 cycle) (I/O in setup time) Port output rise time(2) Port output fall time(2) INT pin input high or low time GPIO interrupt-on-change new input level time
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC. Includes OSC2 in CLKOUT mode.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 127
PIC12F683
FIGURE 15-6: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
VDD MCLR Internal POR 33 PWRT Time-out OSC Start-Up Time 32 30
Internal Reset(1) Watchdog Timer Reset(1) 34 I/O pins Note 1: Asserted low. 31 34
FIGURE 15-7:
VDD
BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING AND CHARACTERISTICS
VBOR
VBOR + VHYST
(Device in Brown-out Reset)
(Device not in Brown-out Reset)
37
Reset (due to BOR) *
33*
64 ms delay only if PWRTE bit in the Configuration Word register is programmed to `0'.
DS41211D-page 128
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 15-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER AND BROWN-OUT RESET PARAMETERS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. 30 31 32 33* 34* Sym TMCL TWDT TOST TPWRT TIOZ Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (No Prescaler) Oscillation Start-up Timer Period(1, 2) Power-up Timer Period I/O High-impedance from MCLR Low or Watchdog Timer Reset Brown-out Reset Voltage Brown-out Reset Hysteresis Brown-out Reset Minimum Detection Period Min 2 5 10 10 -- 40 -- Typ -- -- 16 16 1024 65 -- Max -- -- 29 31 -- 140 2.0 Units s s ms ms Conditions VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C VDD = 5V VDD = 5V, -40C to +85C VDD = 5V
TOSC (NOTE 3) ms s
35 36* 37*
VBOR VHYST TBOR
2.0 -- 100
-- 50 --
2.2 -- --
V mV s
(NOTE 4) VDD VBOR
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min" values with an external clock applied to the OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 2: By design. 3: Period of the slower clock. 4: To ensure these voltage tolerances, VDD and VSS must be capacitively decoupled as close to the device as possible. 0.1 F and 0.01 F values in parallel are recommended.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 129
PIC12F683
FIGURE 15-8: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
T0CKI 40 41
42
T1CKI 45 47 46 49
TMR0 or TMR1
TABLE 15-5:
TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. 40* 41* 42* Sym TT0H TT0L TT0P Characteristic T0CKI High Pulse Width T0CKI Low Pulse Width T0CKI Period No Prescaler With Prescaler No Prescaler With Prescaler Min 0.5 TCY + 20 10 0.5 TCY + 20 10 Greater of: 20 or TCY + 40 N 0.5 TCY + 20 15 30 0.5 TCY + 20 15 30 Greater of: 30 or TCY + 40 N 60 -- 2 TOSC Typ -- -- -- -- -- Max -- -- -- -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (2, 4, ..., 256) Conditions
45*
TT1H
T1CKI High Synchronous, No Prescaler Time Synchronous, with Prescaler Asynchronous T1CKI Low Time Synchronous, No Prescaler Synchronous, with Prescaler Asynchronous
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 2, 4, 8)
46*
TT1L
47*
TT1P
T1CKI Input Synchronous Period Asynchronous
-- 32.768 --
-- -- 7 TOSC
ns kHz -- Timers in Sync mode
48 49*
FT1
Timer1 Oscillator Input Frequency Range (oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
TCKEZTMR1 Delay from External Clock Edge to Timer Increment *
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
DS41211D-page 130
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 15-9: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (ECCP)
CCP1 (Capture mode)
CC01 CC03 Note: Refer to Figure 15-3 for load conditions.
CC02
TABLE 15-6:
CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (ECCP)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. CC01* CC02* CC03* Sym TccL TccH TccP Characteristic CCP1 Input Low Time CCP1 Input High Time CCP1 Input Period No Prescaler With Prescaler No Prescaler With Prescaler Min 0.5TCY + 20 20 0.5TCY + 20 20 3TCY + 40 N Typ -- -- -- -- -- Max -- -- -- -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 4 or 16) Conditions
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 131
PIC12F683
TABLE 15-7: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. CM01 CM02 Sym VOS VCM Characteristics Input Offset Voltage Input Common Mode Voltage Common Mode Rejection Ratio Response Time Falling Rising CM05* TMC2COV Comparator Mode Change to Output Valid Min -- 0 +55 -- -- -- Typ 5.0 -- -- 150 200 -- Max 10 VDD - 1.5 -- 600 1000 10 Units mV V dB ns ns s (NOTE 1) Comments (VDD - 1.5)/2
CM03* CMRR CM04* TRT
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Response time is measured with one comparator input at (VDD - 1.5)/2 - 100 mV to (VDD - 1.5)/2 + 20 mV.
TABLE 15-8:
COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE (CVREF) SPECIFICATIONS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. CV01* CV02* CV03* CV04* Sym CLSB CACC CR CST Characteristics Step Size(2) Absolute Accuracy Unit Resistor Value (R) Settling Time(1) Min -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ VDD/24 VDD/32 -- -- 2k -- Max -- -- 1/2 1/2 -- 10 Units V V LSb LSb s Comments Low Range (VRR = 1) High Range (VRR = 0) Low Range (VRR = 1) High Range (VRR = 0)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Settling time measured while VRR = 1 and VR<3:0> transitions from `0000' to `1111'. 2: See Section 8.11 "Comparator Voltage Reference" for more information.
DS41211D-page 132
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
TABLE 15-9: PIC12F683 A/D CONVERTER (ADC) CHARACTERISTICS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param Sym No. AD01 AD02 AD03 AD04 AD07 NR EIL EDL EOFF EGN Characteristic Resolution Integral Error Differential Error Offset Error Gain Error Reference Voltage
(3)
Min -- -- -- -- -- 2.2 2.7 VSS --
Typ -- -- -- -- -- --
Max 10 bits 1 1 1 1 -- VDD VREF 10
Units bit
Conditions
LSb VREF = 5.12V LSb No missing codes to 10 bits VREF = 5.12V LSb VREF = 5.12V LSb VREF = 5.12V V Absolute minimum to ensure 1 LSb accuracy V k
AD06 VREF AD06A AD07 AD08 VAIN ZAIN
Full-Scale Range Recommended Impedance of Analog Voltage Source VREF Input Current(3)
-- --
AD09* IREF
10 --
-- --
1000 50
A A
During VAIN acquisition. Based on differential of VHOLD to VAIN. During A/D conversion cycle.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Total Absolute Error includes integral, differential, offset and gain errors. 2: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes. 3: ADC VREF is from external VREF or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input. 4: When ADC is off, it will not consume any current other than leakage current. The power-down current specification includes any such leakage from the ADC module.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 133
PIC12F683
TABLE 15-10: PIC12F683 A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +125C Param No. Sym Characteristic A/D Clock Period A/D Internal RC Oscillator Period AD131 TCNV Conversion Time (not including Acquisition Time)(1) Min 1.6 3.0 3.0 1.6 -- Typ -- -- 6.0 4.0 11 Max Units 9.0 9.0 9.0 6.0 -- s s s s TAD Conditions TOSC-based, VREF 3.0V TOSC-based, VREF full range ADCS<1:0> = 11 (ADRC mode) At VDD = 2.5V At VDD = 5.0V Set GO/DONE bit to new data in A/D Result register.
AD130* TAD
AD132* TACQ Acquisition Time AD133* TAMP Amplifier Settling Time AD134 TGO Q4 to A/D Clock Start -- -- --
11.5 -- TOSC/2 TOSC/2 + TCY
-- 5 -- --
s s -- -- If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: ADRESH and ADRESL registers may be read on the following TCY cycle. 2: See Section 9.3 "A/D Acquisition Requirements" for minimum conditions.
DS41211D-page 134
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 15-10: PIC12F683 A/D CONVERSION TIMING (NORMAL MODE)
1 TCY AD131 AD130 A/D CLK A/D Data ADRES ADIF GO Sample Note 1: AD132 Sampling Stopped 9 8 OLD_DATA 7 6 3 2 1 0 NEW_DATA 1 TCY DONE BSF ADCON0, GO AD134 Q4
(TOSC/2(1))
If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
FIGURE 15-11:
PIC12F683 A/D CONVERSION TIMING (SLEEP MODE)
BSF ADCON0, GO AD134 Q4 A/D CLK A/D Data ADRES ADIF GO Sample AD132 Sampling Stopped 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 0 NEW_DATA 1 TCY DONE (TOSC/2 + TCY(1)) AD131 AD130 1 TCY
OLD_DATA
Note 1:
If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 135
PIC12F683
NOTES:
DS41211D-page 136
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
16.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND TABLES
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested. In some graphs or tables, the data presented are outside specified operating range (i.e., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices are ensured to operate properly only within the specified range. Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore, outside the warranted range.
"Typical" represents the mean of the distribution at 25C. "Maximum" or "minimum" represents (mean + 3) or (mean - 3) respectively, where is a standard deviation, over each temperature range. FIGURE 16-1:
3.5 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (EC MODE)
3.0
5.5V 5.0V
2.5
IDD (mA)
2.0
4.0V
1.5
3.0V
1.0
2.0V
0.5
0.0 1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz FOSC 12 MHz 14 MHz 16 MHz 18 MHz 20 MHz
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 137
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-2:
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 IDD (mA) 4.0V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz FOSC 12 MHz 14 MHz 16 MHz 18 MHz 20 MHz 3.0V Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) 5.5V 5.0V
MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (EC MODE) EC Mode
2.0V
FIGURE 16-3:
4.0 3.5 3.0
TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HS MODE)
Typical IDD vs. FOSC Over Vdd HS Mode
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
5.5V 5.0V
2.5 IDD (mA) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 4 MHz 10 MHz FOSC 16 MHz 4.0V 3.5V 3.0V
4.5V
20 MHz
DS41211D-page 138
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-4: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HS MODE)
Maximum IDD vs. FOSC Over Vdd HS Mode 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 IDD (mA) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 4 MHz 10 MHz FOSC 16 MHz 20 MHz 4.0V 3.5V 3.0V Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) 5.5V 5.0V 4.5V
FIGURE 16-5:
900 800 700 600 IDD (A) 500
TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC (XT MODE)
XT Mode
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
4 MHz 400 300 1 MHz 200 100 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 139
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-6: MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC (XT MODE)
XT Mode 1,400 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
1,200
1,000
IDD (A)
800 4 MHz 600
400
1 MHz
200
0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-7:
800 700 600 500 IDD (A) 400 300
TYPICAL IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC (EXTRC MODE) EXTRC Mode
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
4 MHz
1 MHz 200 100 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
DS41211D-page 140
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-8:
1,400 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
MAXIMUM IDD vs. VDD (EXTRC MODE)
EXTRC Mode
1,200
1,000 4 MHz
IDD (A)
800
600
400
1 MHz
200
0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-9:
80 70 60 50 IDD (A) 40 30
IDD vs. VDD OVER FOSC (LFINTOSC MODE, 31 kHz)
LFINTOSC Mode, 31KHZ
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Maximum
Typical 20 10 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 141
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-10:
70 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
IDD vs. VDD (LP MODE)
LP Mode
60
50 32 kHz Maximum IDD (A) 40
30
20
32 kHz Typical
10
0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-11:
1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 IDD (A) 800
TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HFINTOSC MODE) HFINTOSC
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
5.5V 5.0V
4.0V
3.0V 600 400 200 0 125 kHz 250 kHz 500 kHz 1 MHz FOSC 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 2.0V
DS41211D-page 142
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-12:
2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 IDD (A) 1,000 3.0V 800 600 400 200 0 125 kHz 250 kHz 500 kHz 1 MHz FOSC 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 2.0V 4.0V Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) 5.5V 5.0V
MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD (HFINTOSC MODE)
HFINTOSC
FIGURE 16-13:
0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 IPD (A) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.0 2.0
TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD (SLEEP MODE, ALL PERIPHERALS DISABLED)
Typical (Sleep Mode all Peripherals Disabled)
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 143
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-14:
18.0 16.0 14.0 Max. 125C 12.0 IPD (A) 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Max. 85C Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean + 3 Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD (SLEEP MODE, ALL PERIPHERALS DISABLED)
Maximum (Sleep Mode all Peripherals Disabled)
FIGURE 16-15:
180 160 140 120 IPD (A) 100
COMPARATOR IPD vs. VDD (BOTH COMPARATORS ENABLED)
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Maximum
Typical 80 60 40 20 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
DS41211D-page 144
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-16:
160 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
BOR IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
140
120
100 IPD (A) Maximum 80 Typical 60
40
20
0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VDD (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-17:
3.0
TYPICAL WDT IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
Typical
2.5
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
2.0 IPD (A)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 145
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-18:
25.0
MAXIMUM WDT IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
Maximum
20.0 Max. 125C 15.0 Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
IPD (A)
10.0
5.0
Max. 85C
0.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-19:
30 28 26 24 22 Time (ms) 20
WDT PERIOD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) Max. (125C) Max. (85C)
Typical 18 16 14 Minimum 12 10 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
DS41211D-page 146
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-20:
30 28 26 Maximum 24 22 Time (ms) 20 Typical 18 16 Minimum 14 12 10 -40C 25C Temperature (C) 85C 125C Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
WDT PERIOD vs. TEMPERATURE OVER VDD (5.0V)
Vdd = 5V
FIGURE 16-21:
140
CVREF IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (HIGH RANGE)
High Range
120
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
100 Max. 125C IPD (A) 80 Max. 85C 60 Typical 40
20
0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 147
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-22:
180 160 140 120 Max. 125C IPD (A) 100 Max. 85C 80 Typical 60 40 20 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
CVREF IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (LOW RANGE)
FIGURE 16-23:
VOL vs. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 3.0V)
(VDD = 3V, -40xC TO 125xC)
0.8 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
0.7
Max. 125C
0.6
0.5 VOL (V)
Max. 85C
0.4
0.3
Typical 25C
0.2 Min. -40C 0.1
0.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 IOL (mA) 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
DS41211D-page 148
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-24:
0.45 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Typical: Statistical Mean @25xC Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 Maximum: Means + 3 to 125xC) (-40xC (-40C to 125C)
VOL vs. IOL OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 5.0V)
0.40
Max. 125C Max. 85C
0.35
0.30
VOL (V)
0.25 Typ. 25C 0.20
0.15
Min. -40C
0.10
0.05
0.00 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 IOL (mA) 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
FIGURE 16-25:
3.5
VOH vs. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE (VDD = 3.0V)
3.0 Max. -40C Typ. 25C
2.5
Min. 125C 2.0 VOH (V) 1.5 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 IOH (mA) -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 (c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 149
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-26:
5.5
VOH vs. IOH OVER TEMPERATURE TO 125xC) (VDD = 5V, -40xC (VDD = 5.0V)
5.0 Max. -40C
Typ. 25C 4.5 VOH (V) Min. 125C
4.0
3.5
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
3.0 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 IOH (mA) -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.0
FIGURE 16-27:
1.7
TTL INPUT THRESHOLD VIN vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
(TTL Input, -40xC TO 125xC)
1.5
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C) Max. -40C
1.3 VIN (V) Typ. 25C 1.1 Min. 125C 0.9
0.7
0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
DS41211D-page 150
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-28: SCHMITT TRIGGER INPUT THRESHOLD VIN vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
(ST Input, -40xC TO 125xC) 4.0 VIH Max. 125C 3.5 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
VIH Min. -40C
3.0
VIN (V)
2.5
2.0 VIL Max. -40C 1.5 VIL Min. 125C
1.0
0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
FIGURE 16-29:
45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 IPD (mA) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2.0
T1OSC IPD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (32 kHz)
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 Maximum: Mean + 3 to 125xC) (-40xC (-40C to 125C) Max. 125C
Max. 85C
Typ. 25C
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 151
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-30:
1000 900 800 Response Time (nS) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2.0 2.5 VDD (V) 4.0 5.5 Typ. 25C Min. -40C Note: VCM = VDD - 1.5V)/2 V+ input = VCM V- input = Transition from VCM + 100MV to VCM - 20MV Max. 125C
COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME (RISING EDGE)
531 806
Max. 85C
FIGURE 16-31:
1000 900 800 700 Response Time (nS) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Note:
COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME (FALLING EDGE)
Max. 125C
VCM = VDD - 1.5V)/2 V+ input = VCM V- input = Transition from VCM - 100MV to VCM + 20MV
Max. 85C
Typ. 25C Min. -40C
2.0
2.5 VDD (V)
4.0
5.5
DS41211D-page 152
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-32:
45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 Frequency (Hz) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Min. 85C Min. 125C Typ. 25C
LFINTOSC FREQUENCY vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (31 kHz)
LFINTOSC 31Khz
Max. -40C
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
FIGURE 16-33:
8
ADC CLOCK PERIOD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
125C 6 85C
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Time (s)
4
25C
-40C 2
0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 153
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-34:
16 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
TYPICAL HFINTOSC START-UP TIMES vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
14 85C 12 25C 10 Time (s) -40C 8
6
4
2
0 2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
FIGURE 16-35:
25
MAXIMUM HFINTOSC START-UP TIMES vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
-40C to +85C
20
Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Time (s)
15 85C 25C 10 -40C
5
0 2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
DS41211D-page 154
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-36:
10 9 8 7 85C Time (s) 6 25C 5 -40C 4 3 2 1 0 2.0 Typical: Statistical Mean @25C Maximum: Mean (Worst-case Temp) + 3 (-40C to 125C)
MINIMUM HFINTOSC START-UP TIMES vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE
-40C to +85C
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
FIGURE 16-37:
5 4 3 Change from Calibration (%) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 2.0
TYPICAL HFINTOSC FREQUENCY CHANGE vs. VDD (25C)
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 155
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-38:
5 4 3 Change from Calibration (%) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
TYPICAL HFINTOSC FREQUENCY CHANGE OVER DEVICE VDD (85C)
FIGURE 16-39:
5 4 3 Change from Calibration (%) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 2.0
TYPICAL HFINTOSC FREQUENCY CHANGE vs. VDD (125C)
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD (V)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
DS41211D-page 156
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
FIGURE 16-40:
5 4 3 Change from Calibration (%) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 VDD (V) 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
TYPICAL HFINTOSC FREQUENCY CHANGE vs. VDD (-40C)
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 157
PIC12F683
NOTES:
DS41211D-page 158
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
17.0
17.1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Package Marking Information
8-Lead PDIP Example
XXXXXXXX XXXXXNNN YYWW
8-Lead SOIC (3.90 mm) XXXXXXXX XXXXYYWW NNN 8-Lead DFN (4x4x0.9 mm)
12F683 I/P e3 017 0415
Example 12F683 e3 I/SN0415 017 Example
XXXXXX XXXXXX YYWW NNN
8-Lead DFN-S (6x5 mm)
12F683 I/MD e3 0415 017
Example
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXYYWW NNN
12F683 I/MF e3 0415 017
Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN
e3
*
Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note:
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information.
*
Standard PIC(R) device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code and traceability code. For PIC device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 159
PIC12F683
17.2 Package Details
The following sections give the technical details of the packages.
8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line (P or PA) - 300 mil Body [PDIP]
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
N
NOTE 1 E1
1
2 D
3 E A2
A
A1 e b1 b
L
c
eB
Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins Pitch Top to Seating Plane Molded Package Thickness Base to Seating Plane Shoulder to Shoulder Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Tip to Seating Plane Lead Thickness Upper Lead Width Lower Lead Width Overall Row Spacing N e A A2 A1 E E1 D L c b1 b eB - .115 .015 .290 .240 .348 .115 .008 .040 .014 - MIN
INCHES NOM 8 .100 BSC - .130 - .310 .250 .365 .130 .010 .060 .018 - .210 .195 - .325 .280 .400 .150 .015 .070 .022 MAX
.430 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located with the hatched area. 2. Significant Characteristic. 3. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" per side. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-018B
DS41211D-page 160
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SN or OA) - Narrow, 3.90 mm Body [SOIC]
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
D e N
E E1
NOTE 1 1 2 3 b h c h
A
A2
A1
L L1
Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Chamfer (optional) Foot Length Footprint Foot Angle Lead Thickness Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom N e A A2 A1 E E1 D h L L1 c b 0 0.17 0.31 5 5 0.25 0.40 - 1.25 0.10 MIN
MILLIMETERS NOM 8 1.27 BSC - - - 6.00 BSC 3.90 BSC 4.90 BSC - - 1.04 REF - - - - - 8 0.25 0.51 15 0.50 1.27 1.75 - 0.25 MAX
15 Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Significant Characteristic. 3. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15 mm per side. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-057B
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41211D-page 161
PIC12F683
8-Lead Plastic Dual Flat, No Lead Package (MD) - 4x4x0.9 mm Body [DFN]
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
D N e N L
b
E
K EXPOSED PAD
E2
1 NOTE 1
2 TOP VIEW D2
2
1
NOTE 1
BOTTOM VIEW
A3 A
A1 NOTE 2
Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Standoff Contact Thickness Overall Length Exposed Pad Width Overall Width Exposed Pad Length Contact Width Contact Length N e A A1 A3 D E2 E D2 b L 0.00 0.25 0.30 0.00 0.80 0.00 MIN MILLIMETERS NOM 8 0.80 BSC 0.90 0.02 0.20 REF 4.00 BSC 2.20 4.00 BSC 3.00 0.30 0.55 3.60 0.35 0.65 - 2.80 1.00 0.05 MAX
Contact-to-Exposed Pad K 0.20 - Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Package may have one or more exposed tie bars at ends. 3. Package is saw singulated. 4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only.
Microchip Technology Drawing C04-131C
DS41211D-page 162
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
8-Lead Plastic Dual Flat, No Lead Package (MF) - 6x5 mm Body [DFN-S] PUNCH SINGULATED
Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
D D1 N b
e N K
L
E E1 EXPOSED PAD NOTE 1 1 2 TOP VIEW 2 D2 BOTTOM VIEW 1
E2
NOTE 1
A A1
A2 A3 NOTE 2
Units Dimension Limits Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Base Thickness Overall Length Molded Package Length Exposed Pad Length Overall Width Molded Package Width Exposed Pad Width Contact Width Contact Length Contact-to-Exposed Pad Model Draft Angle Top N e A A2 A1 A3 D D1 D2 E E1 E2 b L K 2.16 0.35 0.50 0.20 - 3.85 - - 0.00 MIN
MILLIMETERS NOM 8 1.27 BSC 0.85 0.65 0.01 0.20 REF 4.92 BSC 4.67 BSC 4.00 5.99 BSC 5.74 BSC 2.31 0.40 0.60 - - 2.46 0.47 0.75 - 12 4.15 1.00 0.80 0.05 MAX
Notes: 1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area. 2. Package may have one or more exposed tie bars at ends. 3. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only. Microchip Technology Drawing C04-113B
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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NOTES:
DS41211D-page 164
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
APPENDIX A:
Revision A
This is a new data sheet.
DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY
APPENDIX B:
MIGRATING FROM OTHER PIC(R) DEVICES
This discusses some of the issues in migrating from other PIC devices to the PIC12F683 device.
Revision B
Rewrites of the Oscillator and Special Features of the CPU sections. General corrections to Figures and formatting.
B.1
PIC16F676 to PIC12F683
FEATURE COMPARISON
PIC16F676 20 MHz 1024 64 10-bit 128 1/1 8 Y RA0/1/2/4/5 PIC12F683 20 MHz 2048 128 10-bit 256 2/1 8 Y GP0/1/2/4/5, MCLR 1 N Y Y Y 32 kHz8 MHz Y Feature
TABLE B-1:
Max Operating Speed Max Program Memory (Words) SRAM (bytes) A/D Resolution Data EEPROM (Bytes) Timers (8/16-bit) Oscillator Modes Brown-out Reset Internal Pull-ups
Revision C
Revisions throughout document. Incorporated Golden Chapters.
Revision D
Replaced Package Drawings; Revised Product ID Section (SN package to 3.90 mm); Replaced PICmicro with PIC; Replaced Dev Tool Section.
Interrupt-on-change Comparator ECCP Ultra Low-Power Wake-Up Extended WDT Software Control Option of WDT/BOR INTOSC Frequencies Clock Switching Note:
RA0/1/2/3/4/5 GP0/1/2/3/4/5 1 N N N N 4 MHz N
This device has been designed to perform to the parameters of its data sheet. It has been tested to an electrical specification designed to determine its conformance with these parameters. Due to process differences in the manufacture of this device, this device may have different performance characteristics than its earlier version. These differences may cause this device to perform differently in your application than the earlier version of this device.
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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NOTES:
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(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
INDEX
A
A/D Specifications.................................................... 133, 134 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................. 115 AC Characteristics Industrial and Extended ............................................ 125 Load Conditions ........................................................ 124 ADC .................................................................................... 61 Acquisition Requirements ........................................... 67 Associated registers.................................................... 69 Block Diagram............................................................. 61 Calculating Acquisition Time....................................... 67 Channel Selection....................................................... 61 Configuration............................................................... 61 Configuring Interrupt ................................................... 64 Conversion Clock........................................................ 62 Conversion Procedure ................................................ 64 GPIO Configuration..................................................... 61 Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) IMPEDANCE ................ 67 Interrupts..................................................................... 63 Operation .................................................................... 63 Operation During Sleep .............................................. 64 Reference Voltage (VREF)........................................... 62 Result Formatting........................................................ 63 Source Impedance...................................................... 67 Special Event Trigger.................................................. 64 Starting an A/D Conversion ........................................ 63 ADCON0 Register............................................................... 65 ADRESH Register (ADFM = 0) ........................................... 66 ADRESH Register (ADFM = 1) ........................................... 66 ADRESL Register (ADFM = 0)............................................ 66 ADRESL Register (ADFM = 1)............................................ 66 Analog Input Connection Considerations............................ 52 Analog-to-Digital Converter. See ADC ANSEL Register .................................................................. 33 Assembler MPASM Assembler................................................... 112 Timer2 ........................................................................ 49 TMR0/WDT Prescaler ................................................ 41 Watchdog Timer (WDT).............................................. 96 Brown-out Reset (BOR)...................................................... 87 Associated .................................................................. 88 Calibration .................................................................. 87 Specifications ........................................................... 129 Timing and Characteristics ....................................... 128
C
C Compilers MPLAB C18.............................................................. 112 MPLAB C30.............................................................. 112 Calibration Bits.................................................................... 85 Capture Module. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) .......................................... 75 Associated registers w/ Capture, Compare and Timer1 ......................................................... 81 Associated registers w/ PWM and Timer2.................. 81 Capture Mode............................................................. 76 CCPx Pin Configuration.............................................. 76 Compare Mode........................................................... 77 CCPx Pin Configuration...................................... 77 Software Interrupt Mode ............................... 76, 77 Special Event Trigger ......................................... 77 Timer1 Mode Selection................................. 76, 77 Prescaler .................................................................... 76 PWM Mode................................................................. 78 Duty Cycle .......................................................... 79 Effects of Reset .................................................. 80 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 20 MHZ .................................. 79 Example PWM Frequencies and Resolutions, 8 MHz .................................... 79 Operation in Sleep Mode.................................... 80 Setup for Operation ............................................ 80 System Clock Frequency Changes .................... 80 PWM Period ............................................................... 79 Setup for PWM Operation .......................................... 80 Timer Resources ........................................................ 75 CCP. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) CCP1CON Register............................................................ 75 Clock Sources External Modes........................................................... 21 EC ...................................................................... 21 HS ...................................................................... 22 LP ....................................................................... 22 OST .................................................................... 21 RC ...................................................................... 23 XT ....................................................................... 22 Internal Modes............................................................ 23 Frequency Selection........................................... 25 HFINTOSC ......................................................... 23 INTOSC .............................................................. 23 INTOSCIO .......................................................... 23 LFINTOSC.......................................................... 25 Clock Switching .................................................................. 27 Code Examples A/D Conversion .......................................................... 64 Assigning Prescaler to Timer0.................................... 42 Assigning Prescaler to WDT....................................... 42 Changing Between Capture Prescalers ..................... 76 Data EEPROM Read.................................................. 73 Data EEPROM Write .................................................. 73
B
Block Diagrams (CCP) Capture Mode Operation ................................. 76 ADC ............................................................................ 61 ADC Transfer Function ............................................... 68 Analog Input Model ............................................... 52, 68 CCP PWM................................................................... 78 Clock Source............................................................... 19 Comparator ................................................................. 51 Compare ..................................................................... 77 Crystal Operation ........................................................ 22 External RC Mode....................................................... 23 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) ................................. 29 GP1 Pin....................................................................... 37 GP2 Pin....................................................................... 37 GP3 Pin....................................................................... 38 GP4 Pin....................................................................... 38 GP5 Pin....................................................................... 39 In-Circuit Serial Programming Connections.............. 100 Interrupt Logic ............................................................. 93 MCLR Circuit............................................................... 86 On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................. 85 PIC12F683.................................................................... 5 Resonator Operation................................................... 22 Timer1......................................................................... 44
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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Indirect Addressing ..................................................... 18 Initializing GPIO .......................................................... 31 Saving STATUS and W Registers in RAM ................. 95 Ultra Low-Power Wake-up Initialization ...................... 35 Write Verify ................................................................. 73 Code Protection .................................................................. 99 Comparator ......................................................................... 51 C2OUT as T1 Gate ..................................................... 57 Configurations ............................................................. 53 I/O Operating Modes................................................... 53 Interrupts ..................................................................... 55 Operation .............................................................. 51, 54 Operation During Sleep .............................................. 56 Response Time ........................................................... 54 Synchronizing COUT w/Timer1 .................................. 57 Comparator Module Associated registers.................................................... 59 Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF) Response Time ........................................................... 54 Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF) ............................ 58 Effects of a Reset........................................................ 56 Specifications ............................................................ 132 Comparators C2OUT as T1 Gate ..................................................... 45 Effects of a Reset........................................................ 56 Specifications ............................................................ 132 Compare Module. See Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) CONFIG Register................................................................ 84 Configuration Bits................................................................ 83 CPU Features ..................................................................... 83 Customer Change Notification Service ............................. 171 Customer Notification Service........................................... 171 Customer Support ............................................................. 171
F
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ...................................................... 29 Fail-Safe Condition Clearing....................................... 29 Fail-Safe Detection ..................................................... 29 Fail-Safe Operation..................................................... 29 Reset or Wake-up from Sleep .................................... 29 Firmware Instructions ....................................................... 101 Fuses. See Configuration Bits
G
General Purpose Register File ............................................. 8 GPIO................................................................................... 31 Additional Pin Functions ............................................. 32 ANSEL Register ................................................. 32 Interrupt-on-Change ........................................... 32 Ultra Low-Power Wake-up............................ 32, 35 Weak Pull-up ...................................................... 32 Associated Registers .................................................. 39 GP0 ............................................................................ 36 GP1 ............................................................................ 37 GP2 ............................................................................ 37 GP3 ............................................................................ 38 GP4 ............................................................................ 38 GP5 ............................................................................ 39 Pin Descriptions and Diagrams .................................. 36 Specifications ........................................................... 127 GPIO Register .................................................................... 31
I
ID Locations........................................................................ 99 In-Circuit Debugger........................................................... 100 In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)............................... 100 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers ................... 18 Instruction Format............................................................. 101 Instruction Set................................................................... 101 ADDLW..................................................................... 103 ADDWF..................................................................... 103 ANDLW..................................................................... 103 ANDWF..................................................................... 103 BCF .......................................................................... 103 BSF........................................................................... 103 BTFSC ...................................................................... 103 BTFSS ...................................................................... 104 CALL......................................................................... 104 CLRF ........................................................................ 104 CLRW ....................................................................... 104 CLRWDT .................................................................. 104 COMF ....................................................................... 104 DECF ........................................................................ 104 DECFSZ ................................................................... 105 GOTO ....................................................................... 105 INCF ......................................................................... 105 INCFSZ..................................................................... 105 IORLW ...................................................................... 105 IORWF...................................................................... 105 MOVF ....................................................................... 106 MOVLW .................................................................... 106 MOVWF .................................................................... 106 NOP .......................................................................... 106 RETFIE ..................................................................... 107 RETLW ..................................................................... 107 RETURN................................................................... 107 RLF ........................................................................... 108 RRF .......................................................................... 108 SLEEP ...................................................................... 108
D
Data EEPROM Memory Associated Registers .................................................. 74 Code Protection .................................................... 71, 74 Data Memory Organization ................................................... 7 Map of the PIC12F683 .................................................. 8 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ................................................... 137 DC Characteristics Extended and Industrial ............................................ 121 Industrial and Extended ............................................ 117 Development Support ....................................................... 111 Device Overview ................................................................... 5
E
EEADR Register ................................................................. 71 EECON1 Register ............................................................... 72 EECON2 Register ............................................................... 72 EEDAT Register.................................................................. 71 EEPROM Data Memory Avoiding Spurious Write.............................................. 74 Reading....................................................................... 73 Write Verify ................................................................. 73 Writing ......................................................................... 73 Effects of Reset PWM mode ................................................................. 80 Electrical Specifications .................................................... 115 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Specifications ............................................................ 131 Errata .................................................................................... 3
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(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
SUBLW ..................................................................... 108 SUBWF ..................................................................... 109 SWAPF ..................................................................... 109 XORLW..................................................................... 109 XORWF..................................................................... 109 INTCON Register ................................................................ 14 Internal Oscillator Block INTOSC Specifications............................................ 126, 127 Internal Sampling Switch (RSS) IMPEDANCE ........................ 67 Internet Address................................................................ 171 Interrupts ............................................................................. 92 ADC ............................................................................ 64 Associated Registers .................................................. 94 Comparator ................................................................. 55 Context Saving............................................................ 95 Data EEPROM Memory Write .................................... 72 GP2/INT ...................................................................... 92 GPIO Interrupt-on-change .......................................... 93 Interrupt-on-Change.................................................... 32 Timer0......................................................................... 93 TMR1 .......................................................................... 46 INTOSC Specifications ............................................. 126, 127 IOC Register ....................................................................... 34 Oscillator Switching Fail-Safe Clock Monitor .............................................. 29 Two-Speed Clock Start-up ......................................... 27 OSCTUNE Register............................................................ 24
P
Packaging ......................................................................... 159 Details....................................................................... 160 Marking..................................................................... 159 PCL and PCLATH............................................................... 18 Computed GOTO ....................................................... 18 Stack........................................................................... 18 PCON Register ............................................................. 17, 88 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer..................... 114 PIE1 Register ..................................................................... 15 Pin Diagram .......................................................................... 2 Pinout Descriptions PIC12F683 ................................................................... 6 PIR1 Register ..................................................................... 16 Power-Down Mode (Sleep)................................................. 98 Power-On Reset (POR) ...................................................... 86 Power-up Timer (PWRT) .................................................... 86 Specifications ........................................................... 129 Precision Internal Oscillator Parameters .......................... 127 Prescaler Shared WDT/Timer0................................................... 42 Switching Prescaler Assignment ................................ 42 Program Memory Organization............................................. 7 Map and Stack for the PIC12F683 ............................... 7 Programming, Device Instructions.................................... 101
L
Load Conditions ................................................................ 124
M
MCLR .................................................................................. 86 Internal ........................................................................ 86 Memory Organization Data EEPROM Memory.............................................. 71 Microchip Internet Web Site .............................................. 171 Migrating from other PIC Devices ..................................... 165 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian ................... 112 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger ................................... 113 MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .................................................... 113 MPLAB ICE 4000 High-Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .................................................... 113 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .. 111 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer .................................... 113 MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ................ 112
R
Reader Response............................................................. 172 Read-Modify-Write Operations ......................................... 101 Registers ADCON0 (ADC Control 0) .......................................... 65 ADRESH (ADC Result High) with ADFM = 0) ............ 66 ADRESH (ADC Result High) with ADFM = 1) ............ 66 ADRESL (ADC Result Low) with ADFM = 0).............. 66 ADRESL (ADC Result Low) with ADFM = 1).............. 66 ANSEL (Analog Select) .............................................. 33 CCP1CON (CCP1 Control) ........................................ 75 CMCON0 (Comparator Control) Register................... 56 CMCON1 (Comparator Control) Register................... 57 CONFIG (Configuration Word) ................................... 84 EEADR (EEPROM Address) ...................................... 71 EECON1 (EEPROM Control 1) .................................. 72 EECON2 (EEPROM Control 2) .................................. 72 EEDAT (EEPROM Data) ............................................ 71 GPIO........................................................................... 31 INTCON (Interrupt Control) ........................................ 14 IOC (Interrupt-on-Change GPIO) ............................... 34 OPTION_REG (OPTION)..................................... 13, 43 OSCCON (Oscillator Control)..................................... 20 OSCTUNE (Oscillator Tuning).................................... 24 PCON (Power Control Register)................................. 17 PCON (Power Control) ............................................... 88 PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) .......................... 15 PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Register 1) ........................ 16 Reset Values .............................................................. 90 Reset Values (Special Registers)............................... 91 STATUS ..................................................................... 12 T1CON ....................................................................... 47 T2CON ....................................................................... 50 TRISIO (Tri-State GPIO) ............................................ 32 VRCON (Voltage Reference Control) ......................... 58
O
OPCODE Field Descriptions ............................................. 101 OPTION Register .......................................................... 13, 43 OSCCON Register .............................................................. 20 Oscillator Associated registers.............................................. 30, 48 Oscillator Module ................................................................ 19 EC ............................................................................... 19 HFINTOSC.................................................................. 19 HS ............................................................................... 19 INTOSC ...................................................................... 19 INTOSCIO................................................................... 19 LFINTOSC .................................................................. 19 LP................................................................................ 19 RC............................................................................... 19 RCIO ........................................................................... 19 XT ............................................................................... 19 Oscillator Parameters ....................................................... 126 Oscillator Specifications .................................................... 125 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) Specifications............................................................ 129
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC12F683
WDTCON (Watchdog Timer Control).......................... 97 WPU (Weak Pull-Up GPIO) ........................................ 34 Resets ................................................................................. 85 Brown-out Reset (BOR) .............................................. 85 MCLR Reset, Normal Operation ................................. 85 MCLR Reset, Sleep .................................................... 85 Power-on Reset (POR) ............................................... 85 WDT Reset, Normal Operation ................................... 85 WDT Reset, Sleep ...................................................... 85 Revision History ................................................................ 165 INT Pin Interrupt ......................................................... 94 Internal Oscillator Switch Timing ................................ 26 Reset, WDT, OST and Power-up Timer ................... 128 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (Delayed MCLR) ... 89 Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR with VDD) .. 89 Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock ........................... 130 Timer1 Incrementing Edge ......................................... 46 Two Speed Start-up.................................................... 28 Wake-up from Sleep Through Interrupt ...................... 99 Timing Parameter Symbology .......................................... 124 TRISIO Register ................................................................. 32 Two-Speed Clock Start-up Mode........................................ 27
S
Sleep Power-Down Mode ..................................................... 98 Wake-up...................................................................... 98 Wake-up Using Interrupts ........................................... 98 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM)..................................... 112 Special Event Trigger.......................................................... 64 Special Function Registers ................................................... 8 STATUS Register................................................................ 12
U
Ultra Low-Power Wake-up............................................ 32, 35
V
Voltage Reference. See Comparator Voltage Reference (CVREF) Voltage References Associated registers ................................................... 59 VREF. SEE ADC Reference Voltage
T
T1CON Register.................................................................. 47 T2CON Register.................................................................. 50 Thermal Considerations .................................................... 123 Time-out Sequence............................................................. 88 Timer0 ................................................................................. 41 Associated Registers .................................................. 43 External Clock ............................................................. 42 Interrupt................................................................. 13, 43 Operation .............................................................. 41, 44 Specifications ............................................................ 130 T0CKI .......................................................................... 42 Timer1 ................................................................................. 44 Associated registers.................................................... 48 Asynchronous Counter Mode ..................................... 45 Reading and Writing ........................................... 45 Interrupt....................................................................... 46 Modes of Operation .................................................... 44 Operation During Sleep .............................................. 46 Oscillator ..................................................................... 45 Prescaler ..................................................................... 45 Specifications ............................................................ 130 Timer1 Gate Inverting Gate ..................................................... 45 Selecting Source........................................... 45, 57 Synchronizing COUT w/Timer1 .......................... 57 TMR1H Register ......................................................... 44 TMR1L Register .......................................................... 44 Timer2 Associated registers.................................................... 50 Timers Timer1 T1CON................................................................ 47 Timer2 T2CON................................................................ 50 Timing Diagrams A/D Conversion ......................................................... 135 A/D Conversion (Sleep Mode) .................................. 135 Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................ 128 Brown-out Reset Situations ........................................ 87 CLKOUT and I/O....................................................... 127 Clock Timing ............................................................. 125 Comparator Output ..................................................... 51 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) ............. 131 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) ................................. 30
W
Wake-up Using Interrupts ................................................... 98 Watchdog Timer (WDT)...................................................... 96 Associated Registers .................................................. 97 Clock Source .............................................................. 96 Modes ......................................................................... 96 Period ......................................................................... 96 Specifications ........................................................... 129 WDTCON Register ............................................................. 97 WPU Register ..................................................................... 34 WWW Address ................................................................. 171 WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 3
DS41211D-page 170
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE
Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: * Product Support - Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user's guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software * General Technical Support - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing * Business of Microchip - Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: * * * * * Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Development Systems Information Line
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE
Microchip's customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions.
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DS41211D-page 171
PIC12F683
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent ________
From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: PIC12F683 Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS41211D FAX: (______) _________ - _________
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
DS41211D-page 172
(c) 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC12F683
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device X Temperature Range /XX Package XXX Pattern Examples:
a) b) Device: PIC12F683(1), PIC12F683T(2) VDD range 2.0V to 5.5V PIC12F683-E/P 301 = Extended Temp., PDIP package, 20 MHz, QTP pattern #301 PIC12F683-I/SN = Industrial Temp., SOIC package, 20 MHz
Temperature Range:
I E
= -40C to +85C(Industrial) = -40C to +125C (Extended)
Package:
P MD MF SN
= = = =
Plastic DIP Dual-Flat, No Leads (DFN-S, 4x4x0.9 mm) Dual-Flat, No Leads (DFN-S, 6x5 mm) 8-lead Small Outline (3.90 mm) Note 1: F = Standard Voltage Range LF = Wide Voltage Range T = in tape and reel PLCC, and TQFP packages only.
Pattern:
3-digit Pattern Code for QTP (blank otherwise)
2:
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DS41211D-page 173
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
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ASIA/PACIFIC
India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-4182-8400 Fax: 91-80-4182-8422 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122 Korea - Gumi Tel: 82-54-473-4301 Fax: 82-54-473-4302 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-646-8870 Fax: 60-4-646-5086 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-572-9526 Fax: 886-3-572-6459 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-536-4818 Fax: 886-7-536-4803 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
EUROPE
Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 Fax: 45-4485-2829 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 Fax: 44-118-921-5820
12/08/06
DS41211D-page 174
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