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| Primary Regulators PQ1PF1 PQ1PF1 Primary Regulator for Switching Power Supply (50W Class) s Features 5-terminal lead forming package (equivalent to TO-220) Built-in oscillation circuit (oscillation frequency : TYP. 100kHz) Output for power supply : 50W class Built-in overheat protection, overcurrent protection, low voltage mulfunction prevention function s Outline Dimensions (Unit : mm) 10.2MAX 3.20.1 7.40.2 3.60.2 4.50.2 2.80.2 s Applications Switching power supplies for VCRs Switching power supplies for word processors (24.6) PQ1PF1 (1.5) 2.0 5.00.5 5-0.80.1 (0.5) 3.20.5 4-(1.7) (5.0) 8.20.7 * ( ) : Typical value * Radius of lead forming portion R=TYP.1.0 1 Drain (VDS) 2 GND 3 Control (CA) 4 Feed back (FB) 5 Supply voltage (VCC) 1q 3q 5 q 2q 4q s Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Drain-GND(source)voltage Drain current Power supply voltage FB terminal input voltage CA terminal input current Power dissipation Junction temperature Operating temperature Storage temperature Soldering temperature Voltage between VCC terminal and GND terminal. Voltage between FB terminal and GND terminal. PD1:No heat sink, PD2:With infinite heat sink Overheat protection may operate at 125= *1 *2 *3 *4 *1 *2 *3 *4 * Please refer to the chapter" Handling Precautions ". " In the absence of confirmation by device specification sheets,SHARP takes no responsibility for any defects that may occur in equipment using any SHARP devices shown in catalogs,data books,etc.Contact SHARP in order to obtain the latest version of the device specification sheets before using any SHARP's device. " 4.4MIN 16.40.7 Primary Regulators s Electrical Characteristics Parameter Drain-source onstate resistance Drain-source leakage current Oscillation frequency Temperature change in oscillation frequency Maximum duty FB threshold voltage FB current CA threshold voltage CA sink current Overcurrent detecting level Operation starting voltage Operation stopping voltage Stand-by current Output OFF-mode consumption current Output-operating mode consumption current Charging current PQ1PF1 (Unless otherwise specified, conditions shall be VDS=10V,Vcc=18V,VCA=OPEN,VFB=2.2V, RL=56, Ta=25C) Symbol RDS (on) IDSS fo fo DMAX VFBL VFBH VFB(OCP) IFB VCAL VCAH VCA(ON/OFF) VCA(OVP) ICAIN ID(OCP) VCC(ON) VCC(OFF) ICC(ST) ICC(OFF) ICC(OP) ICA(CHG) Conditions ID=2A VDS=500V,Vcc=7V VCA=GND,VFB=GND Tj=0 to 125C Duty=0% Duty=DMAX VCA=6V VFB=GND Duty=0% Duty=DMAX MIN. 90 42 2.6 -800 0.49 7.2 20 15.5 8.5 -15 TYP. 1.2 100 5 45 0.9 1.8 2.8 -620 0.9 1.8 0.6 7.7 36 2.5 17.0 9.3 100 0.6 10 -10 MAX. 1.5 250 110 50 3.1 -440 0.74 8.2 52 18.5 10.1 150 1.8 18 -5 Unit A kHz % % V V V A V V V V A A V V A mA mA A VFB=1V,VCA=6V VDS=OPEN,VFB=OPEN VDS=OPEN,VFB=OPEN VDS=OPEN,Vcc=14V, VFB=OPEN VDS=OPEN,VCA=GND VFB=OPEN VCA=GND,VFB=OPEN Fig. 1 Test circuit CIN 100F 0.01F 5 q 1 q PQ1PF1 4 q 3 q 2 q A + RL A VCC VFB A VCA A VDS Primary Regulators Fig. 2 Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature 25 Power dissipation PD (W) PQ1PF1 Fig. 3 Stand-by Current vs. Junction Temperature 100 VCC=14V , VCA=OPEN VFB=OPEN, VDS=OPEN 20 15 10 5 0 -20 Fig. 4 Operation Starting Voltage vs. Junction Temperature Operation starting voltage VCC (ON )(V) 17.6 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.2 17.1 17.0 16.9 16.8 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 VCA=OPEN VFB=OPEN, VDS=OPEN ,, ,, ,, ,,, PD2 PD1 Stand-by current ICC (ST )(A) PD1 :No heat sink PD2 :With infinite heat sink 95 90 85 0 50 80 100 150 Ambient temperature Ta (C) 80 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Fig. 5 Output-Operating Mode Consumption Current vs. Junction Temperature 12 Output-operating mode consumption current ICC(OP) (mA) VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=2.2V,VDS=10V,RL=56 11 10 9 8 7 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Junction temperature Tj (C) Fig. 6 Oscillation Frequency vs. Junction Temperature 110 Oscillation frequency fO (kHz) VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=2.2V,VDS=10V,RL=56 Fig. 7 Maximum Duty vs. Junction Temperature 47.0 Maximum duty DMAX (%) 46.5 46.0 45.5 45.0 44.5 44.0 43.5 43.0 42.5 42.0 -25 VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=2.2V,VDS=10V,RL=56 105 100 95 90 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Primary Regulators Fig.8 Drain-source onstate resistance RDS(ON) () PQ1PF1 Fig.9 Overcurrent detecting level ID (OCP) (A) Drain-soure onstate resistance vs. Junction Temperature 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -25 VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=2.2V,VDS=10V,ID=2A Overcurrent Detecting Level vs. Junction Temperature 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 -25 VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=2.2V,VDS=10V 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Fig.10 FB Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 1.20 1.15 FB threshold voltage VFBL (V) 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Junction temperature Tj (C) VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VDS=10V,RL=56 Fig.11 FB Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 2.10 2.05 FB threshold voltage VFBH (V) VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VDS=10V,RL=56 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Fig.12 CA Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 0.75 CA threshold voltage VCA(ON/OFF) (V) Fig.13 CA Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 1.20 CA threshold voltage VCA L (V) 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 -25 VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VDS=10V,RL=56 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 -25 VCC=18V,VFB=2.2V VDS=10V,RL=56 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Primary Regulators Fig.14 CA Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Junction temperature Tj (C) PQ1PF1 Fig.15 CA Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 8.6 CA threshold voltage VCA(OVP) (V) VCC=18V,VFB=2.2V VDS=10V,RL=56 CA threshold voltage VCA H (V) VCC=18V,VFB=2.2V 8.4 VDS=10V,RL=56 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Junction temperature Tj (C) Fig.16 FB Threshold Voltage vs. Junction Temperature 3.00 VCC=18V,VCA=6V VDS=10V,RL=56 Fig.17 CA Sink Current vs. Junction Temperature 50 VCC=18V,VCA=6V VDS=10V,RL=56,VFB=1V CA sink current ICA(IN) (A) 45 FB threshold voltage VFB(OCP) (V) 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 40 35 2.70 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 30 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Fig.18 FB Current vs. Junction Temperature -700 -650 FB current IFB (A) -600 -550 -500 -450 -400 -25 VCC=18V,VCA=OPEN VFB=GND,VDS=OPEN Fig.19 Charging Current vs. Junction -10.5 Temperature Charging current ICA(CHG) (A) VCC=18V,VCA=GND -10.3 VFB=OPEN,VDS=10V,RL=56 -10.1 -9.9 -9.7 -9.5 -9.3 -9.1 -8.9 -8.7 -8.5 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperature Tj (C) 125 Primary Regulators Fig.20 Output-OFF Mode Consumption Current vs. Junction Temperature Output-OFF mode consumption current ICC(OFF) (mA) 0.08 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Junction temperature Tj (C) VCC=18V,VCA=GND VFB=OPEN,VDS=OPEN PQ1PF1 Fig.21 Operation Stopping Voltage vs. Junction Temperature Operation stopping voltage VCC(OFF) (V) 9.40 9.35 9.30 9.25 9.20 9.15 9.10 -25 VCA=GND VFB=OPEN,VDS=OPEN 0 25 50 75 100 Junction temperture Tj (C) 125 s Block Diagram CA Low voltage malfunction prevention circuit Cut-off voltage detecting circuit OFF voltage detecting circuit Overheat detection circuit Constant voltage source VCC VDS OSC R Q S Overload cut-off voltage circuit PWM + - FB DET Drive circuit Overcurrent detection circuit GND Primary Regulators s Description for Each Operation PQ1PF1 1. Low voltage mulfunction prevention circuit This device has a built-in low voltage malfunction prevention circuit to prevent malfuncting when power supply voltage Vcc becomes as low as starting time. When power supply voltage comes up to operation starting voltageVCC( ON)17.0V TYP., IC will start to operate. When power supply voltage falls short of operation stopping voltageVCC(OFF)9.3V TYP., IC will stop operating, and output is shut down. Before starting power supplies or after stopping operation, applying current to Vcc terminal is stood for stand-by current ICC(ST), and it is kept at 100A TYP. (Vcc=14V) . 2. Oscillator IC has a built-in oscillator, and oscillation frequncy is fixed at 100kHz TYP. 3. CA terminal CA terminal can be connected to capacitor CA, and it enables to perform various functions such as soft start function, overcurrent protection function, overvoltage protection function, and ON/OFF control function. 3-1 Soft start function Soft start circuit is shown in Fig.1. When voltage Vcc is supplied, CA terminal voltage VCA starts rising, charging a capacitor CA with charge current from CA terminal(10A TYP.). According to rising CA teminal voltage VCA, output pulse width becomes gradually wider, and it may cause soft start. ON duty D of output pulse width is as follows. D=0% at VCA=0.9V TYP. D=Dmax=45% at VCA=1.8V TYP. During normal operaion, VCA is clamped at 3.6V by the internal circuit of IC. CA CA 3 VCC 3.6V 10A OSC FB 4 + - 5 PWM Fig.1 Soft Start Circuit Primary Regulators 3-2 Overcurrent protection function PQ1PF1 Overcurrent protection circuit is shown in Fig.2. Fig.3 shows timing chart of OFF control process after detecting overcurrent. First, drain current of MOS-FET (which is built-in device) is getting high due to overcurrent. When it comes up to overcurrent detection level ID(OCP)=2.5A, overcurrent protection circuit will operate and minimize output pulse width to minimum duty by pulseby-pulse. Minimizing output pulse width makes output voltage lower. As output voltage is lowered, collector-emitter voltage of PC1 will be turned OFF and FB voltage VFB will be high. When VFB comes up to threshold voltage of overload shut-down VFB(OCP) 2.8V, CA voltage VCA will be released from clamped voltage 3.6V and the capacitor CA which is connected to CA terminal will be charged again by 10A of charge current. When VCA increases to CA threshold voltageVCA (OVP) 7.7V, internal constant voltage supply of IC becomes OFF-state and maintain shut-down state. To maintain output shut-down condition, 0.3mA (Vcc=11V) TYP. is required. To restart, Vcc needs to be lowered less then operation stopping voltageVCC(OFF) 9.3V by applying input voltage again. Fig.2 Overcurrent Protection Circuit Fig.3 Timing Chart Overcurrent Protection CA 4 PC1 3 5 1 PQ1PF1 Output current 2 VFB (OCP) 2.8V VFB VCA (OVP) 7.7V VCA 3.6V DMAX DMIN 0 Overcurrent Overload shut-down detection Primary Regulators 3-3 Overvoltage protection function PQ1PF1 Fig.4 shows overvoltage protection circuit. Photocoupler PC2 becomes ON-state when output voltage is in overvoltage condition. When PC2 is ON-state, current from Vcc via resistor R charges capacitor CA and CA voltage VCA increases. When VCA reaches CA threshold voltageVCA( OVP) 7.7V, internal constant voltage supply of IC becomes OFF-state and maintain shut-down state. To maintain output shut-down condition, 0.3mA (Vcc=11V) TYP. is reguired. To restart, Vcc needs to be lowered less than operation stopping voltage VCC(OFF) 9.3V by applying input voltage again. Fig.4 Overvoltage Protection Cricuit R PC2 3 CA CA 5 VCC PQ1PF1 3-4 ON/OFF control function IC operation can be stopped and output voltage can be OFF-state by lowering CA voltage VCA less than 0.6V TYP. Fig.5 shows ON/ OFF control circuit. When transistor Q1 becomes ON-state by external signal and VCA is less than 0.6V, output turns off. Output is ON-state again by soft start function which is caused by Q1 OFF. Fig. 5 ON/OFF Control Function 3 Q1 CA CA PQ1PF1 Primary Regulators 4. FB-terminal Fig.6 shows circuit example of feedback signal input circuit for fixed output voltage. PQ1PF1 Fig.6 + VCC 5 2 4 FB R + C PC1 PC1 1 3 VCA GND VDS PQ1PF1 Output voltage is controlled by connecting photocoupler PC1 between FB-terminal and GND terminal . When output voltage or transmisslon waveform is unstable, connect C&R on both sides of PC1 to reduce gain of control system. 5. Overcurrent detection circuit This module detects drain current ID of MOS-FET, and minimize output pulse width by pulse-by-pulse at ID=2.5A TYP. 6. Overheat protection circuit Overheat protection circuit starts to operate when internal temperature of IC is at 140C TYP. CA voltage VCA will be released from clamped voltage 3.6V and the capacitor CA which is connected to CA terminal will be charged again by 10A of charge current. When VCA increases to CA threshold voltageVCA (OVP) 7.7V, internal constant voltage supply of IC becomes OFF-state and maintain shut-down state. To maintain output shut-down condition, 0.3mA (Vcc=11V) TYP. is required. Output shut-down condition is maintained even if lowering internal temperature of IC. To restart, Vcc needs to be lowered less than 9.3V by applying input voltage again. Primary Regulators s Precautions in Designing 1 Starting circuit PQ1PF1 Fig.7 Diagram of Starting Circuit and It's Peripheral Portion V IN DC R9 D6 5 VCC 2 GND PQ1PF1 1 VDS + C10 Auxiliary winding 1-1 Setting starting resistance Concerning stand-by current (0.15mA) MAX. and *starting time of power supply, the value of starting resistor R9 is obtained by the following equation. *For ex.) during 0.5s, C10 is charged to the level of operation starting voltage (18.5V) MAX. R9= (VIN(DC)- VCC(ON)) / [0.15X10-3+(18.5XC10)/0.5] VIN(DC) : DC input voltage (Minimum input voltage which is necessary for IC to start operation VCC(ON) : Operation starting voltage of IC (18.5V MAX.) When IC start to operate, current to VCC terminal increases. The current is supplied by an auxiliary winding of main tramsformer. After rectification of auxiliary winding, voltage (both side of C10) must be set on operation stopping voltage (VCC(OFF)=9.3V Typ.) or more. MOS-FET driving voltage in IC is about 13V, which is applied from Vcc terminal. When Vcc is about 16.5V or more, MOS-FET driving voltage is in optimum condition due to built-in voltage regulator circuit for driving voltage. ex. 70VACX 2=99VDC) Primary Regulators PQ1PF1 1-2Extending the capacity of smoothing capacitor (C10) for auxiliary winding voltage. After smoothing rectification of auxiliary winding (both sides of C10=Vcc), ripple voltage becomes high by turns and diameter of auxiliary winding. When voltage falls below operation stopping voltageVCC(OFF), it may sometimes cause operating error. In this case, it is recommended to extend C10. However, starting time becomes longer due to extending C10 because starting time is determined by both startig resistor R9 and C10. To shorten the starting time, it is recommended to employ 2-step rectification circuit. (Fig.8) Fig.8 2-step Rectification Circuit R9 D7 D6 5 VCC 2 GND PQ1PF1 C11 22F C10 100F As a standard in designing, proper capacity of C11 is 10 to 47F. Extending the capacity of C10 in 2-step rectification circuit, current to Vcc terminal can be supplied from storaged charge in C10 after starting operation IC. 1-3 Slow up input During slow up start (input voltage is gradually rising), there is some cases that output is soon shut down after it starts to operate. It is because output voltage does not exceed the rated value due to halfway of slow up starting. A fall of output voltage during operating IC makes photocoupler PC1 (Fig.2) in voltage control system OFF-state. In that condition, CA terminal voltage is not fixed at 3.6V, and start to rise soon after starting to operate IC. When CA terminal voltage exceeds VCA (OVP) 7.7V, output of IC is shut down. To avoid the shud down, output must be kept the rated level, making operation starting voltage higher. Or add a discharge circuit of capactor CA which is connected to CA terminal. (Fig.9) Fig. 9 Circuit Diagram for Slow Up Input R3 D4 3 CA 2 GND PQ1PF1 R5 CA Primary Regulators PQ1PF1 To avoid shut down, keep VCA below 7.7V, by discharging the charge of CA at R5 through D4. To do this, use a power supply which can supply the rated power under the condition that AC input voltage is 75VAC, R3 and R5 are designed as follows when AC input voltage is less than 75VAC. Electric potential of both side of R5 stands for VR5. VR5<7.7-VFD4 VFD4 : forward voltage of diode D4 When current flowing into R3 is 0.2mA, R3= (2VIN (AC) [MIN]-7.7+VFD4) / (0.2X10-3) R5= (7.7-VFD4) / (0.2X10-3) VIN (AC) [MIN] : Minimum input voltage to gain the rated output 1-4 Redudtion of restarting time from shut-down state Under the shut down condition due to overcurrent and overvoltage protection function, once supply voltage of IC (Vcc) must be lowered below operation stopping voltage VCC (OFF) 9.3V TYP. in order to restart the power supply. Generally, AC input voltage is once turned off. However, in cases that starting resistor R9 is connected after smoothing rectification of input voltage(Reter to Fig. 10), it takes sometimes unexpected time to make the electric potential of Vcc drop to less than 9.3V. This is due to storaged charge of smoothing capacitor C6. In this case, connect a starting resistor before rectification of AC input voltage(Reter to Fig. 11). And Vcc has no influence of storaged charge of smoothing capacitor C6 while AC input voltage is OFF. Vcc soon drop to 0V, and that can shorten the restarting time. Fig.10 Connecting Starting Resistor after Rectification + C6 R9 VC6 VIN AC AC input D6 5 2 1 VCC GND VDS + C10 VCC 9.3V AC OFF Ta t Fig.11 Connecting Starting Resistor before Rectification + C6 VC6 VIN AC Possible to restart after Ta AC input R9 5 2 1 VCC GND VDS + D6 VCC C10 AC OFF t Possible to restart after AC OFF Primary Regulators PQ1PF1 While AC input voltage is OFF, output of IC is shut down and it takes some time to restart. This is because electric potential of IC input terminal (Vcc) is more than operation stopping voltageVCC (OFF) 9.3V Typ., and IC keeps operating.(Refer to Fig.12) In this case, connect the starting resistor before smoothing so that Vcc soon drops to 0V. As a result, output will not be shut down while AC input voltage is OFF. (Refer to Fig.11) Fig. 12 Timing Chart at OFF-state of AC Input Voltage (Connecting Starting Resistor after Rectification) VIN AC VOUT VCC 9.3V Output shut-down state Impossible to restart IC operates. AC OFF t possible to restart 2 Patterning to Printed Circuit Board Patterning to a printed circuit board may cause a noise and a malfuntion. Especially for dotted line portion Fig.13, reduce the roop area and make the pattern thick and short because high frequency current flows in that portion. The capacitor C12 which should be connected to CA teminal must be connected as close as possible to IC, and auxitiary winding GND must be directly connected to IC GND (do not connect by way of control system GND). Fig. 13 Patterning to PCB T1 VIN D5 VOUT + + C6 C16 GND (FG) GND IC VDS GND CA C12 FB VCC D6 PC1 + C10 Control system GND Auxiliary winding GND |
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