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EM MICROELECTRONIC - MARIN SA
EM6522
MFP version of EM6622 Ultra Low Power Microcontroller with 4x32 LCD Driver
Features
* Low Power - 11 A active mode, LCD On - 1.8 A standby mode, LCD Off - 0.1 A sleep mode @ 3 V, 32 KHz, 25 C Large Voltage range, 2 to 5.5 V 2 clocks per instruction cycle 72 basic instructions EEPROM 4096 x 16 bits RAM 128 x 4 bits Max. 12 inputs ; port A, port B, port SP Max. 8 outputs ; port B, port SP Voltage Level Detector, 8 levels software selectable from 1.2 V up to 4.0 V Melody, 7 tones + silence inclusive 4-bit timer Universal 10-bit counter, PWM, event counter Prescaler down to 1 second ( crystal = 32 KHz ) 1/1000 sec 12 bit binary coded decimal counter with hard or software start/stop function LCD 32 Segments, 3 or 4 times multiplexed 3 wire serial port , 8 bit, master and slave mode 5 external interrupts (port A, serial interface) 8 internal interrupts (3x prescaler, BCD counter 2x10-bit counter, melody timer, serial interface) timer watchdog and oscillation supervisor Figure 2. Pin Configuration, TQFP64 10 x 10 x 1 mm Figure 1. Architecture
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Description
The EM6522 is an advanced single chip CMOS 4bit microcontroller. It contains EEPROM, RAM, LCD driver, power on reset, watchdog timer, oscillation detection circuit, 10-bit up/down and event counter, 1ms BCD counter, prescaler, voltage level detector (Vld), serial interface and several clock functions. The low voltage feature and low power consumption make it the most suitable controller for battery, stand alone and mobile equipment. The EM6522 is manufactured using EM Microelectronic's Advanced Low Power (ALP) CMOS Process.
Typical Applications
* * * * * * * * * Timing device Automotive controls with display Intelligent display driver Measurement equipment Domestic appliance Interactive system with display Timer / sports timing devices Bicycle computers Safety and security devices
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EM6522
EM6522 at a glance * Power Supply
- Low voltage low power architecture including internal voltage regulator - 2.0 ... 5.5 V battery voltage - 11 A in active mode (Xtal, LCD on, 25 C) - 1.8 A in standby mode (Xtal, LCD off, 25 C) - 0.1 A in sleep mode (25 C) - 32 KHz Oscillator
* 4-Bit Input Port A
- Direct input read on the port terminals - Debouncer function available on all inputs - Interrupt request on positive or negative edge - Pull resistor selectable by register - Test variables (software) for conditional jumps - PA[0] and PA[3] are inputs for the event counter - PA[3] is Start/Stop input for the millisecond counter - Reset with input combination
* RAM
- 64 x 4 bit, direct addressable - 64 x 4 bit, indexed addressable
* 4-Bit Bi-directional Port B
- All different functions bit-wise selectable - Direct input read on the port terminals - Data output latches - CMOS or Nch. open drain outputs - Pull-down or pull-up selectable - Selectable PWM, 32kHz, 1kHz and 1Hz output
* EEPROM
- 4096 x 16 bit, metal mask programmable
* CPU
- 4-bit RISC architecture - 2 clock cycles per instruction - 72 basic instructions
* Prescaler
- 15 stage system clock divider down to 1Hz - 3 Interrupt requests; 1Hz, 32Hz or 8Hz, Blink - Prescaler reset (4kHz to 1Hz)
* Main Operating Modes and Resets
- Active mode (CPU is running) - Standby mode (CPU in halt) - Sleep mode (no clock, reset state) - Watchdog reset (logic and oscillation watchdogs) - Reset terminal and POR - Reset with input combination on port A (register selectable)
* Voltage Level Detector (SVLD)
- 8 different levels from 1.2 V to 4.0 V (ROM Version) - Busy flag during measure
* 10-Bit Universal Counter
- 10, 8, 6 or 4 bit up/down counting - Parallel load - Event counting (PA[0] or PA[3]) - 8 different input clocks - Full 10 bit or limited (8, 6, 4 bit) compare function - 2 interrupt requests (on compare and on 0) - Hi-frequency input on PA[3] and PA[0] - Pulse width modulation (PWM) output
* Liquid Crystal Display Driver (LCD)
- 32 Segments 3 or 4 times multiplexed - Internal or external voltage multiplier - Free Segment allocation architecture - LCD switch off for power save
* 8-Bit Serial Interface
- 3 wire master/slave mode - READY output during data transfer - Maximum shift clock is equal to system clock - Interrupt request to the CPU after 8 bits - Supports different serial formats - Can be configured as a parallel 4 bit I/O port - Direct input read on the port terminals - All outputs can be put tristate (default) - Selectable pull resistors in input mode - CMOS or Nch. open drain outputs
* Melody Generator
- Dedicated Buzzer terminal - 7 tones plus silence output - The output can be put tristate (default) - Internal 4-bit timer, usable also in standalone mode - 4 different timer input clocks - Timer with automatic reload or single run - Timer interrupt request when reaching 0
* Interrupt Controller
- 5 external and 8 internal interrupt request sources - Each interrupt request can individually be masked - Each interrupt flag can individually be reset - Automatic reset of each interrupt request after read - General interrupt request to CPU can be disabled - Automatic enabling of general interrupt request flag when going into HALT mode
* Millisecond Counter
- 3 digits binary coded decimal counter (12 bits) - PA[3] input pulse width and period measurement - Internal 1000 Hz clock generation - Hardware or software controlled start stop mode - Interrupt request on either 1/10 Sec or 1Sec
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EM6522
Table of Contents
Features
0H
1 1
1H
8.5.2
PWM Characteristics
56H
35
Description Typical Applications
2H
8.6 8.7 9
Counter Setup 10-bit Counter Registers
57H 58H 59H
36 36 38 38 38 39 39 41
60H 61H 62H 63H 64H
1 2
3H
EM6522 at a glance 1 2 Pin Description for EM6522 1.1 Programming Connections
4H 5H
4 6 7 7 7 7
6H 7H 8H 9H
Millisecond Counter 9.1 PA[3] Input for MSC 9.2 IRQ from MSC 9.3 MSC-Modes 9.4 Mode selection 9.5 Millisecond Counter Registers
65H
Operating Modes 2.1 Active Mode 2.2 Standby Mode 2.3 Sleep Mode Power Supply
10H
10 Interrupt Controller 10.1 Interrupt Control Registers
6H
42 43 44 44
67H 68H
3 4
8 9 10 10 10 11 11
1H 12H 13H 14H 15H 16H
11 Supply Voltage Level Detector 11.1 SVLD Register 12 Strobe Output 12.1 Strobe Register
69H 70H
Reset 4.1 Oscillation Detection Circuit 4.2 Reset Terminal 4.3 Input Port A Reset Function 4.4 Digital Watchdog Timer Reset 4.5 CPU State after Reset Oscillator and Prescaler 5.1 Oscillator 5.2 Prescaler
17H 18H 19H
45 45 46
71H
13
RAM
72H
5
12 12 12 14 14 15
20H 21H 2H
14 LCD Driver 14.1 LCD Control 14.2 LCD Addressing 14.3 Free Segment Allocation 14.4 LCD Registers
73H 74H 75H 76H
47 48 48 49 49 51
7H
6
Input and Output Ports 6.1 Ports Overview 6.2 Port A
6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 IRQ on Port A Pull-up or Pull-down Software Test Variables Port A for 10-Bit Counter and MSC
15 16 17
Peripheral Memory Map Option Register Memory Map
78H
55 56
79H
15 16 16 16
23H 24H 25H 26H
Active Supply Current Test
80H
18 Mask Options 18.1 Input / Output Ports
81H
57 57
57 58 59 59 59 60
82H 83H 84H 85H 86H 87H
6.3 6.4
6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4
Port A Registers Port B
27H 28H
16 18
18 19 19 20
29H 30H 31H 32H
Input / Output Mode Pull-up or Pull-down CMOS / NCH. Open Drain Output PWM and Frequency Output
18.1.1 18.1.2 18.1.3 18.1.4 18.1.5 18.1.6
Port A Metal Options Port B Metal Options Port SP Metal Options Voltage Regulator Option Debouncer Frequency Option User defined LCD Segment Allocation
8H
6.5 6.6
6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 6.6.7
Port B Registers Port Serial
3H 34H
20 21
21 22 23 23 24 24 25
35H 36H 37H 38H 39H 40H 41H
4-bit Parallel I/O Pull-up or Pull-down Nch. Open Drain Outputs General Functional Description Detailed Functional Description Output Modes Reset and Sleep on Port SP
19 Measured Electrical Behaviors 19.1 IDD Current 19.2 Regulator Voltage 19.3 Pull Resistors 19.4 Output currents
89H 90H 91H 92H
61 61 61 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 65 66 66 66 66
93H 94H 95H 96H 97H 98H 9H 10H 10H 102H 103H 104H
6.7 7
Serial Interface Registers
42H 43H
26 28 28
4H
Melody, Buzzer 7.1 4-Bit Timer
7.1.1 7.1.2 Single Run Mode Continuos Run Mode
29 29
45H 46H
7.2 7.3 8
Programming Order Melody Registers
47H 48H 49H
30 30 32 32 33 34 34 34
50H 51H 52H 53H 54H
10-bit Counter 8.1 Full and Limited Bit Counting 8.2 Frequency Select and Up/Down Counting 8.3 Event Counting 8.4 Compare Function 8.5 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
8.5.1 How the PWM Generator works.
20 EM6522 Electrical Specification 20.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings 20.2 Handling Procedures 20.3 Standard Operating Conditions 20.4 DC Characteristics - Power Supply 20.5 Supply Voltage Level Detector 20.6 Oscillator 20.7 DC characteristics - I/O Pins 20.8 LCD SEG[32:1] Outputs 20.9 LCD Com[4:1] Outputs 20.10 DC Output Component 20.11 LCD Voltage Multiplier 21 Pad Location Diagram
105H 106H
67 68 68
107H
23 Package & Ordering information 23.1 Ordering Information
35
5H
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EM6522
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Pin Description for EM6522
Chip TQFP 64 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 DIL 64 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Signal Name C2B C2A C1B C1A VL1 VL2 VL3 COM[1] COM[2] COM[3] COM[4] SEG[32] SEG[31] SEG[30] SEG[29] SEG[28] SEG[27] SEG[26] SEG[25] SEG[24] SEG[23] SEG[22] SEG[21] SEG[20] SEG[19] SEG[18] SEG[17] SEG[16] SEG[15] SEG[14] SEG[13] SEG[12] SEG[11] SEG[10] SEG[9] SEG[8] SEG[7] SEG[6] SEG[5] SEG[4] SEG[3] SEG[2] SEG[1] Reset Test Function Voltage multiplier Voltage multiplier Voltage multiplier Voltage multiplier Voltage multiplier level 1 Voltage multiplier level 2 Voltage multiplier level 3 LCD back plane 1 LCD back plane 2 LCD back plane 3 LCD back plane 4 LCD Segment 32 LCD Segment 31 LCD Segment 30 LCD Segment 29 LCD Segment 28 LCD Segment 27 LCD Segment 26 LCD Segment 25 LCD Segment 24 LCD Segment 23 LCD Segment 22 LCD Segment 21 LCD Segment 20 LCD Segment 19 LCD Segment 18 LCD Segment 17 LCD Segment 16 LCD Segment 15 LCD Segment 14 LCD Segment 13 LCD Segment 12 LCD Segment 11 LCD Segment 10 LCD Segment 9 LCD Segment 8 LCD Segment 7 LCD Segment 6 LCD Segment 5 LCD Segment 4 LCD Segment 3 LCD Segment 2 LCD Segment 1 Input reset terminal, Input test terminal, internal pull-down 15 KOhm Remarks Not needed if ext. supply Not needed if ext. supply Not needed if ext. supply Not needed if ext. supply LCD level 1 input, if external supply selected LCD level 2 input, if external supply selected LCD level 3 input, if external supply selected
Not used if 3 times multiplexed
Main reset For EM tests only, ground 0 ! Except when needed for MFP
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EM6522
Chip 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 TQFP 64 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 DIL 64 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Signal Name PSP[0] PSP[1] PSP[2] PSP[3] PB[0] PB[1] PB[2] PB[3] PA[0] PA[1] PA[2] PA[3] Buzzer Strobe Vbat = VDD Vreg Qin/Osc1 Qout /Osc2 VSS Function Input/output , open drain serial port : SIN parallel out terminal 0 Output , open drain serial port : Ready/CS parallel out terminal 1 Output , open drain serial port : SOUT parallel out terminal 2 Input/output , open drain serial port : SCLK parallel out terminal 3 Input/output, open drain port B terminal 0 Input/output, open drain port B terminal 1 Input/output, open drain port B terminal 2 Input/output, open drain port B terminal 3 Input port A terminal 0 Input port A terminal 1 Input port A terminal 2 Input port A terminal 3 Output Buzzer terminal Output Strobe terminal Positive power supply Internal voltage regulator Crystal terminal 1 Crystal terminal 2 Negative power supply Remarks Serial interface data in or parallel data[0] in/out Serial interface Ready CS or parallel data[1] in/out Serial interface data out or parallel data[2] in/out Serial interface clock I/O or parallel data[3] in/out Port B data[0] I/O or Ck[1] output Port B data[1] I/O or Ck[11] output Port B data[2] I/O or Ck[16] output Port B data[3] I/O or PWM output TestVar 1 ; Event counter TestVar 2 TestVar 3 Event counter, MSC start/stop P reset state or/and port B write or sleep flag out MFP Connection Connect to minimum 100nF, MFP connection 32 KHz crystal, MFP connection 32 KHz crystal, MFP connection ref. terminal, MFP connection
Gray shaded areas : Terminals needed for MFP programming connections (VDD, Vreg, Qin, Qout, Test). See also Programming connections.
EM Microelectronic-Marin SA cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry described other than circuitry entirely embodied in an EM Microelectronic-Marin SA product. EM Microelectronic-Marin SA reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. You are strongly urged to ensure that the information given has not been superseded by a more up-to-date version.
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EM6522
Figure 3. Typical Configuration
L C D D is p la y
C1 C1 C1 VL1 VL2 VL3 C 1A C 1B C 2A C 2B P o rt A P o rt B P o rt S P B u zz e r S tro b e C O M [4 :1 ] S E G [2 0 :1 ]
C rys ta l
Q in O out
A ll C a p a c ito rs 1 0 0 n F
R eset
C2 C2
EM 6522
V D D (V b a t) V re g T e st C3 VSS C4
1.1
Programming Connections
The EM6522 can be programmed using the standard EM MFP programming box for 4 bit uControllers. The interface signals are listed in the table below. The circuit can be programmed on the programming box or directly on the PCB . For more information please refer to the MFP programmer's manual. Chip 45 60 61 62 63 64 TQFP 64 50 1 2 3 4 5 DIL 64 42 57 58 59 60 61 Signal Name Test Vbat = VDD Vreg Qin/Osc1 Qout /Osc2 VSS Function Input test terminal Internal pull-down 15k Positive power supply Internal voltage regulator Crystal terminal Crystal terminal Negative power supply Remarks Usually 1 in MFP mode, 0 resets the MFP interface MFP Power Connection MFP power Connection, adapts the Oscillator voltage to Vbat MFP Serial Data Input / Output MFP serial Clock Input MFP Connection, Reference terminal
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EM6522
2 2.1 Operating Modes
108H
The EM6522 has two low power dissipation modes, standby and sleep. these modes.
Figure 4 is a transition diagram for
Active Mode
The active mode is the actual CPU running mode. Instructions are read from the internal ROM and executed by the CPU. Leaving active mode via the halt instruction to go into standby mode, the Sleep bit write to go into Sleep mode or a reset from port A to go into reset mode.
2.2
Standby Mode
Figure 4 Mode transition diagram
Active
Halt instruction IRQ Sleep bit write
Executing a halt instruction puts the EM6522 into standby mode. The voltage regulator, oscillator, watchdog timer, LCD, interrupts, timers and counters are operating. However, the CPU stops since the clock related to instruction execution stops. Registers, RAM and I/O pins retain their states prior to standby mode. Standby is canceled by a reset or an interrupt request if enabled.
2.3
Sleep Mode
Standby
Reset=1
Reset=0
Sleep
Writing to the Sleep bit in the RegSysCntl1 register puts the EM6522 in sleep mode. Reset=1 Reset=1 The oscillator stops and most functions of the EM6522 are inactive. To be able to write to the Sleep bit, the SleepEn bit in Reset RegSysCntl2 must first be set to "1". In sleep mode only the voltage regulator and the reset input are active. The RAM data integrity is maintained. Sleep mode may be canceled only by a high level of min 10s at the EM6522 Reset terminal or by the selected port A input reset combination, if option InpResSleep is turned on. Due to the cold-start characteristics of the oscillator, waking up from sleep mode may take some time to guarantee stable oscillation. During sleep mode and the following start up the EM6522 is in reset state. Waking up from sleep clears the Sleep flag but not the SleepEn bit. Inspecting the SleepEn allows to determine if the EM6522 was powered up (SleepEn = "0") or woken up from sleep (SleepEn = "1"). Table 2.3.1. Internal State in Standby and Sleep Mode
Function Oscillator Oscillator Watchdog Instruction Execution Interrupt Functions Registers and Flags RAM Data Option Registers Timer & Counter Logic Watchdog I/O Port B and Serial Port Input Port A LCD Strobe Output Buzzer Output Voltage Level Detector Reset Pin Standby Active Active Stopped Active Retained Retained Retained Active Active Active Active Active Active Active Finishes ongoing measure, then stop Active Sleep Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped Reset Retained Retained Reset Reset High Impedance, Pull's as defined in option register No pull resistors and inputs deactivated except if InpResSleep = "1" Stopped (display off) Active High Impedance Stopped Active
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EM6522
3 Power Supply
The EM6522 is supplied by a single external power supply between VDD (Vbat) and VSS (Ground). A built-in voltage regulator generates Vreg providing regulated voltage for the oscillator and the internal logic. The output drivers are supplied directly from the external supply VDD. The internal power configuration is shown below in Figure 5.
109H
Figure 5. Internal Power Supply
T erm inal V bat
M V reg
M 1B 1kO hm M 1A
T erm inal V reg
A ll P ad input & output buffers, S V LD , EEPROM
R ef. Logic C ore Logic,R A M , LC D Logic, O scillator
V oltage m ultiplier, LC D outputs R ef. LC D
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EM6522
4
10H
Reset
Figure 6. illustrates the reset structure of the EM6522. One can see that there are six possible reset sources : (1) Internal initial reset from the Power On Reset (POR) circuitry. --> POR (2) External reset from the Reset terminal. --> System Reset, Reset CPU (3) External reset by simultaneous high/low inputs to port A. --> System Reset, Reset CPU (Combinations are defined in the registers OptInpRSel1 and OptInpRSel2) (4) Internal reset from the Digital Watchdog. --> System Reset, Reset CPU (5) Internal reset from the Oscillation Detection Circuit. --> System Reset, Reset CPU (6) Internal reset when sleep mode is activated. --> System Reset, Reset CPU All reset sources activate the System Reset and the Reset CPU. The `System Reset Delay' ensures that the system reset remains active long enough for all system functions to be reset (active for n system clock cycles). The `CPU Reset Delay' ensures that the reset CPU remains active until the oscillator is in stable oscillation. As well as activating the system reset and the reset CPU, the POR also resets all option registers and the sleep enable (SleepEn) latch. System reset and reset CPU do not reset the option registers nor the SleepEn latch. Reset state can be shown on Strobe terminal by selecting StrobeOutSel1,0 = 0 in RegLcdCntl1. Figure 6. Reset Structure
In te rn a l D a ta B u s
W rite R e s e t R e a d S ta tu s
D ig ita l W a tch d o g
C k [1 ]
In h ib it D ig ita l W a tc h d o g
W rite A c tive R e a d S ta tu s
S le e p E n L a tc h
S le e p L a tc h
POR
C P U R e se t D e la y
E n a ble A c tiva te
R eset CPU
POR
A n a lo g u e F ilte r
C k[1 ]
DEBO UNCE
C k[8 ]
S yste m R e se t D e la y
C k [1 5 ]
POR
P O R to O p tio n R e g is te rs & S le e p E n L a tc h
O scilla tio n D e te ctio n
C k[1 0 ]
In h ib it O sc illa tio n D e te c tio n
Reset PAD R e s e t fro m P o rt A In p u t C o m b in a tio n O p tIn p R S le e p S le e p
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EM6522
4.1 Oscillation Detection Circuit
At power on, the voltage regulator starts to follow the supply voltage and triggers the power on reset circuitry, and thus the system reset. The CPU of the EM6522 remains in the reset state for the `CPU Reset Delay', to allow the oscillator to stabilize after power up. The oscillator is disabled during sleep mode. So when waking up from sleep mode, the CPU of the EM6522 remains in the reset state for the CPU Reset Delay, to allow the oscillator to stabilize. During this time, the Oscillation Detection Circuit is inhibited. In active or standby modes, the oscillator detection circuit monitors the oscillator. If it stops for any reason, a system reset is generated. After clock restart the CPU waits for the CPU Reset Delay before executing the first instructions. The oscillation detection circuitry can be inhibited with bit NoOscWD = 1 in register RegVldCntl. At power up, and after any system reset, the function is activated. The `CPU Reset Delay' is 32768 system clocks ( Ck[16] ) long.
4.2
Reset Terminal
During active or standby modes the Reset terminal has a debouncer to reject noise. Reset must therefore be active for at least 16 ms (system clock = 32 KHz). When canceling sleep mode, the debouncer is not active (no clock), however, reset passes through an analogue filter with a time constant of typical. 5s. In this case Reset pin must be high for at least 10 s to generate a system reset.
4.3
Input Port A Reset Function
By writing the OptInpRSel1 and OptInpRSel2 registers it is possible to choose any combination of port A input values to execute a system reset. The reset condition must be valid for at least 16ms (system clock = 32kHz) in active and standby mode. OPTInpRSleep selects the input port A reset function in sleep mode. If set to "1" the occurrence of the selected combination for input port A reset will immediately trigger a system reset (no debouncer) . Reset combination selection (InpReset) is done with registers OptInpRSel1 and OptInpRSel2. Following formula is applicable : InpResPA = InpResPA[0] * InpResPA[1] * InpResPA[2] * InpResPA[3] Figure 7. Input Port A Reset Structure InpRes1PA[n] 0 0 1 1 n = 0 to 3 InpRes2PA[n] 0 1 0 1 InpResPA[n] VSS PA[n] not PA[n] VDD
BIT [0] BIT [1] BIT [2] BIT InpRes1PA[3] [3] InpRes2PA[3] Input Port A Reset Bit[3] Selection Input Port A Reset Bit[0] Selection Input Port A Reset Bit[1] Selection Input Port A Reset Bit[2] Selection
InpResPA
i.e. ; - no reset if InpResPA[n] = VSS. - Don't care function on a single bit with its InpResPA[n] = VDD. - Always Reset if InpResPA[3:0] = 'b1111
Input Reset from Port A InpResPA[3]
VSS PA[3] PA[3] VDD
0 1 MUX 2 310
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EM6522
4.4 Digital Watchdog Timer Reset
The digital watchdog is a simple, non-programmable, 2-bit timer, that counts on each rising edge of Ck[1]. It will generate a system reset if it is not periodically cleared. The watchdog timer function can be inhibited by activating an inhibit digital watchdog bit (NoLogicWD) located in RegVldCntl. At power up, and after any system reset, the watchdog timer is activated. If for any reason the CPU stops, then the watchdog timer can detect this situation and activate the system reset signal. This function can be used to detect program overrun, endless loops, etc. For normal operation, the watchdog timer must be reset periodically by software at least every 2.5 seconds (system clock = 32 KHz), or a system reset signal is generated. The watchdog timer is reset by writing a `1' to the WDReset bit in the timer. This resets the timer to zero and timer operation restarts immediately. When a `0' is written to WDReset there is no effect. The watchdog timer operates also in the standby mode and thus, to avoid a system reset, one should not remain in standby mode for more than 2.5 seconds. From a system reset state, the watchdog timer will become active after 3.5 seconds. However, if the watchdog timer is influenced from other sources (i.e. prescaler reset), then it could become active after just 2.5 seconds. It is therefore recommended to use the Prescaler IRQHz1 interrupt to periodically reset the watchdog every second. It is possible to read the current status of the watchdog timer in RegSysCntl2. After watchdog reset, the counting sequence is (on each rising edge of CK[1]) : `00', `01', `10', `11' {WDVal1 WDVal0}. When going into the `11' state, the watchdog reset will be active within 1/2 second. The watchdog reset activates the system reset which in turn resets the watchdog. If the watchdog is inhibited it's timer is reset and therefore always reads `0'. Table 4.4.1 Watchdog Timer Register RegSysCntl2 Bit 3 Name WDReset Reset 0 R/W R/W Description Reset the Watchdog 1 -> Resets the Logic Watchdog 0 -> No action The Read value is always '0' See Operating modes (sleep) Watchdog timer data Ck[1] divided by 4 Watchdog timer data Ck[1] divided by 2
2 1 0
SleepEn WDVal1 WDVal0
0 0 0
R/W R R
4.5
CPU State after Reset
1H
Reset initializes the CPU as shown in Table 4.5.1 below. Table 4.5.1 Initial CPU Value after Reset. Name Bits Program counter 0 12 Program counter 1 12 Program counter 2 12 Stack pointer 2 Index register 7 Carry flag 1 Zero flag 1 Halt 1 Instruction register 16 Periphery registers 4 Symbol PC0 PC1 PC2 SP IX CY Z HALT IR Reg. Initial Value hex 000 (as a result of Jump 0) Undefined Undefined PSP[0] selected Undefined Undefined Undefined 0 Jump 0 See peripheral memory map
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EM6522
5 5.1 Oscillator and Prescaler Oscillator
A built-in crystal oscillator generates the system operating clock for the CPU and peripheral blocks, from an externally connected crystal (typically 32.768kHz). The oscillator circuit is supplied by the regulated voltage, Vreg. In sleep mode the oscillator is stopped. EM's special design techniques guarantee the low current consumption of this oscillator. The external impedance between the oscillator pads must be greater than 10MOhm. Connection of any other components to the two oscillator pads must be confirmed by EM Microelectronic-Marin SA.
5.2
Prescaler
The prescaler consists of fifteen elements divider chain which delivers clock signals for the peripheral circuits such as timer/counter, buzzer, LCD voltage multiplier, debouncer and edge detectors, as well as generating prescaler interrupts. The input to the prescaler is the system clock signal. Power on initializes the prescaler to Hex(0001). Table 5.2.1 Prescaler Clock Name Definition
Function System clock System clock / 2 System clock / 4 System clock / 8 System clock/ 16 System clock / 32 System clock / 64 System clock / 128 Name Ck[16] Ck[15] Ck[14] Ck[13] Ck[12] Ck[11] Ck[10] ck [9] 32 KHz Xtal 32768 Hz 16384 Hz 8192 Hz 4096 Hz 2048 Hz 1024 Hz 512 Hz 256 Hz Function System clock / 256 System clock / 512 System clock / 1024 System clock / 2048 System clock / 4096 System clock / 8192 System clock / 16384 System clock / 32768 Name Ck[8] Ck[7] Ck[6] Ck[5] Ck[4] Ck[3] Ck[2] Ck[1] 32 KHz Xtal 128 Hz 64 Hz 32 Hz 16 Hz 8 Hz 4 Hz 2 Hz 1 Hz
Table 5.2.2 Control of Prescaler Register RegPresc
Bit 3 2 Name PWMOn ResPresc Reset 0 0 R/W R/W R/W Description see 10 bit counter Write Reset prescaler 1 -> Resets the divider chain from Ck[14] down to Ck[2], sets Ck[1]. 0 -> No action. The Read value is always '0' Interrupt select. 0 -> Interrupt from Ck[4] 1 -> Interrupt from Ck[6] Debouncer clock select. 0 -> Debouncer with Ck[8] 1 -> Debouncer with Ck[11] or Ck[14], see below
Figure 8. Prescaler Frequency Timing
Prescaler Reset System Clock Ck[16] Ck[15] Ck[14]
1 0
PrIntSel DebSel
0 0
R/W R/W
Horizontal Scale Change
Ck[2] Ck[1] First positive edge of 1 Hz clock is 1s after the falling reset edge
With DebSel = 1 one may choose either the Ck[11] or Ck[14] debouncer frequency by selecting the corresponding metal mask option (for ROM version only). Relative to 32kHz the corresponding max. debouncer times are then 2 ms or 0.25 ms. For the metal mask selection refer to chapter 18.1.5.
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Switching the PrIntSel may generate an interrupt request. Avoid it with MaskIRQ32/8 = 0 selection during the switching operation.
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The prescaler contains 3 interrupt sources: Figure 9. Prescaler Interrupts - IRQ32/8 ; this is Ck[6] or Ck[4] positive edge interrupt, the selection is depending on bit PrIntSel. - IRQHz1 ; this is Ck[1] positive edge interrupt Ck[2] - IRQBlink ; this is 3/4 of Ck[1] period interrupt There is no interrupt generation on reset. The first IRQHz1 Interrupt occurs 1 sec (32kHz) after reset. A possible application for the IRQBlink is LCD-Display blinking control together with IRQHz1.
Ck[1] IRQH z1 IRQBlink
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6 Input and Output Ports
The EM6522 has: - One 4-bit input port ( port A ) - One 4-bit input/output port. ( port B ) - One serial interface (port SP) also configurable as 4-bit I/O port Pull resistors can be added to all this ports with metal (ROM version only) and/or register options.
6.1
Port PA [3:0]
Ports Overview
Mode Input Mask(M:) or Register(R:) Option M: Pull-up M: Pull-down (default) R: Pull(up/down) select R: Debouncer or direct input for IRQ requests and Counter R: + or - for IRQ-edge and counter R: Input reset combination R: CMOS or Nch. open drain output R: Pull-down on input R: Pull-up on input R: CMOS or Nch open drain output R: Pull-down on input R: Pull-up on input Function -Input -Bit-wise interrupt request -Software test variable conditional jump -PA[3],PA[0] input for the event counter -PA[3] input for the millisecond counter -Port A reset inputs -Input or output -PB[3] for the PWM output -PB[2:0] for the Ck[16,11,1] output -Tristate output -PSP[3], serial clock out -PSP[2], serial data out -PSP[1], serial status out -PSP[0], serial data in -PSP[3:0] 4-bit input/output -Tristate output Bit-wise Multifunction on Ports
PA[3] PA[2] PA[1] PA[0]
Table 6.1.1 Input and Output Ports Overview
10 bit event counter clock start/stop of MSC
PB[3]
-
-
10 bit event counter clock -
-
-
PB [3:0]
Individual input or output Serial I/O or port-wise input / output
PB[2]
PB[1]
PB[0]
PWM output
PSP[3]
Ck[16] output
PSP[2]
Ck[11] output
PSP[1]
Ck[1] output
PSP[0]
PS [3:0]
Serial clock output SCLK
Serial data output SOUT
Ready or CS
Ready/CS
Serial data input SIN
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6.2 Port A
The EM6522 has one four bit general purpose CMOS input port. The port A input can be read at any time, internal pull-up or pull-down resistors can be chosen by metal mask (for ROM version only). All selections concerning port A are bit-wise executable. I.e. Pull-up on PA[2], pull-down on PA[0], positive IRQ edge on PA[0] but negative on PA[1], etc. In sleep mode the port A pull-up or pull-down resistors are turned off, and the inputs are deactivated except if the InpResSleep bit in the option register OPTFSel is set to 1. In this case the port A inputs are continuously monitored to match the input reset condition which will immediately wake the EM6522 from sleep mode (all pull resistors remain). Figure 10. Input Port A Configuration
Vbat (VDD)
NoDebIntPA[n]=1
IntEdgPA[n]=0
PA3 for the Millisecond Counter
Mask opt MPAPU[n]
IRQPA[3:0]
PA[n]terminal
Debouncer
PA0, PA3 for 10-Bit Counter P TestVar
Mask opt MPAPD[n]
Ck[8]
Ck[11] or Ck[14]
DB[3:0] Input Reset allowed when in Sleep Sleep NoPullPA[n]
VSS
6.2.1 IRQ on Port A
For interrupt request generation (IRQ) one can choose direct or debouncer input and positive or negative edge IRQ triggering. With the debouncer selected ( OPTDebIntPA ) the input must be stable for two rising edges of the selected debouncer clock (RegPresc). This means a worst case of 16 ms (default) or 2 ms (0.25 ms by metal mask, for ROM Version only) with a system clock of 32 KHz. Either a positive or a negative edge on the port A inputs - after debouncer or not - can generate an interrupt request. This selection is done in the option register OPTIntEdgPA. All four bits of port A can provide an IRQ, each pin with its own interrupt mask bit in the RegIRQMask1 register. When an IRQ occurs, inspection of the RegIRQ1, RegIRQ2 and RegIRQ3 registers allows the interrupt to be identified and treated. At power on or after any reset the RegIRQMask1 is set to 0, thus disabling any input interrupt. A new interrupt is only stored with the next active edge after the corresponding interrupt mask is cleared. See also the interrupt chapter 10. It is recommended to mask the port A IRQ's while one changes the selected IRQ edge. Else one may generate a IRQ (Software IRQ). I.e. PA[0] on `0' then changing from positive to negative edge selection on PA[0] will immediately trigger an IRQPA[0] if the IRQ was not masked.
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6.2.2 Pull-up or Pull-down
Each of the input port terminals PA[3:0] has a resistor integrated which can be used either as pull-up or pulldown resistor, depending on the selected metal mask options( ROM version only). See the port A metal mask chapter for details. The pull resistor can be inhibited using the NoPullPA[n] bits in the register OptNoPullPA. Table 6.2.1. Pull-up or Pull-down Resistor on Port A Inputs Option mask pull-up MPAPU[n] no no no yes yes yes Option mask pull-down MPAPD[n] no yes yes no no yes x 0 1 0 1 x no pull-up, no pull-down no pull-up, pull-down no pull-up, no pull-down pull-up, no pull-down no pull-up , no pull-down not allowed* NoPullPA[n] value Action with n=0...3
* only pull-up or pull-down may be chosen on any port A terminal (one choice is excluding the other)
6.2.3 Software Test Variables
The port A terminals PA[2:0] are also used as input conditions for conditional software branches. Independent of the OPTDebIntPA and the OPTIntEdgPA. These CPU inputs always have a debouncer. - Debounced PA[0] is connected to CPU TestVar1. - Debounced PA[1] is connected to CPU TestVar2. - Debounced PA[2] is connected to CPU TestVar3.
6.2.4 Port A for 10-Bit Counter and MSC
The PA[0] and PA[3] inputs can be used as the clock input terminal for the 10 bit counter in "event count" mode. As for the IRQ generation one can choose debouncer or direct input with the register OPTDebIntPA and non-inverted or inverted input with the register OPTIntEdgPA. Debouncer input is always recommended. Pad input PA[3] is also used as start/stop control for the millisecond counter. This control signal is derived from PA[3], it is independent of the port A debouncer and edge selection. Refer also to Figure 10.
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6.3
Port A Registers
Bit Name Reset 3 PAData[3] 2 PAData[2] 1 PAData[1] 0 PAData[0] * Direct read on port A terminals R/W R* R* R* R* Description PA[3] input status PA[2] input status PA[1] input status PA[0] input status
Table 6.3.1 Register RegPA
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Table 6.3.2 Register RegIRQMask1 Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 MaskIRQPA[3] 0 R/W Interrupt mask for PA[3] input 2 MaskIRQPA[2] 0 R/W Interrupt mask for PA[2] input 1 MaskIRQPA[1] 0 R/W Interrupt mask for PA[1] input 0 MaskIRQPA[0] 0 R/W Interrupt mask for PA[0] input Default "0" is: interrupt request masked, no new request stored
Table 6.3.3 Register RegIRQ1 Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 IRQPA[3] 0 R/W* Interrupt request on PA[3] 2 IRQPA[2] 0 R/W* Interrupt request on PA[2] 1 IRQPA[1] 0 R/W* Interrupt request on PA[1] 0 IRQPA[0] 0 R/W* Interrupt request on PA[0] *; Write "1" clears the bit, write "0" has no action, default "0" is: no interrupt request
Table 6.3.4 Register OPTIntEdgPA Bit power on value 3 IntEdgPA[3] 0 2 IntEdgPA[2] 0 1 IntEdgPA[1] 0 0 IntEdgPA[0] 0 Default "0" is: Positive edge selection Name R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Interrupt edge select for PA[3] Interrupt edge select for PA[2] Interrupt edge select for PA[1] Interrupt edge select for PA[0]
Table 6.3.5 Register OPTDebIntPA Bit power on R/W value 3 NoDebIntPA[3] 0 R/W 2 NoDebIntPA[2] 0 R/W 1 NoDebIntPA[1] 0 R/W 0 NoDebIntPA[0] 0 R/W Default "0" is: Debounced inputs for interrupt generation Name Description Interrupt debounced for PA[3] Interrupt debounced for PA[2] Interrupt debounced for PA[1] Interrupt debounced for PA[0]
Table 6.3.6 Register OPTNoPullPA Bit power on value 3 NoPullPA[3] 0 2 NoPullPA[2] 0 1 NoPullPA[1] 0 0 NoPullPA[0] 0 Default "0" depending on mask selection Name R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Pull-up/down selection on PA[3] Pull-up/down selection on PA[2] Pull-up/down selection on PA[1] Pull-up/down selection on PA[0]
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6.4 Port B
The EM6522 has one four bit general purpose I/O port. Each bit can be configured individually by software for input/output, pull-up, pull-down and CMOS or Nch. open drain output type. The port outputs either data, frequency or PWM signals.
6.4.1 Input / Output Mode
Each port B terminal is bit-wise bi-directional. The input or output mode on each port B terminal is set by writing the corresponding bit in the RegPBCntl control register. To set for input (default), 0 is written to the corresponding bit of the RegPBCntl register which results in a high impedance state for the output driver. The output mode is set by writing 1 in the control register, and consequently the output terminal follows the status of the bits in the RegPBData register. The port B terminal status can be read on address RegPBData even in output mode. Be aware that the data read on port B is not necessary of the same value as the data stored on RegPBData register. See also Figure 11 for details.
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Figure 11. Port B Architecture
Pull-down Option Register Internal Data Bus Port B Direction Register DDR[n] Port B Data Register DR[n] MUX Multiplexed Outputs are: PWM, Ck[16], Ck[11], Ck[1] Read Pd[n]
Open Drain Option Register OD[n]
Active Pull-up in Nch. Open Drain Mode
Port B Control
PB[n] I / O Terminal
Mask Option MPBPD[n]
Multiplexed Output Multiplexed Output Active
mask option MPBPD[n]
4 Active Pull-down
Read DB[n]
Read for PB[3:0]
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6.4.2 Pull-up or Pull-down
On each terminal of PB[3:0] an internal input pull-up (metal mask MPBPU[n]) or pull-down (metal mask MPBPD[n]) resistor can be connected per metal mask option (ROM version only). Per default the two resistors are in place. In this case one can chose per software to have either a pull-up, a pull-down or no resistor. See below. For Metal mask selection and available resistor values refer to chapter 0.
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Pull-down ON : MPBPD[n] must be in place , AND bit NoPdPB[n] must be `0' . Pull-down OFF: MPBPD[n] is not in place, OR if MPBPD[n] is in place NoPdPB[n] = `1' cuts off the pull-down. OR selecting NchOpDPB[n] = `1' cuts off the pull-down. Pull-up ON * : MPBPU[n] must be in place, AND bit NchOpDPB[n] must be `1' , AND (bit PBIOCntl[n] = `0' (input mode) OR if PBIOCntl[n] = `1' while PBData[n] = 1. ) : MPBPU[n] is not in place, OR if MPBPU[n] is in place NchOpDPB[n] = `0' cuts off the pull-up, OR if MPBPU[n] is in place and if NchOpDPB[n] = `1' then PBData[n] = 0 cuts off the pull-up.
Pull-up OFF*
Never pull-up and pull-down can be active at the same time. For POWER SAVING one can switch off the port B pull resistors between two read phases. No cross current flows in the input amplifier while the port B is not read. The recommended order is : * Switch on the pull resistor. * Allow sufficient time - RC constant - for the pull resistor to drive the line to either VSS or VDD. * Read the port B * Switch off the pull resistor Minimum time with current on the pull resistor is 4 system clock periods, if the RC time constant is lower than 1 system clock period. Adding a NOP instruction before reading moves the number of periods with current in the pull resistor to 6 and the maximum RC delay to 3 clock periods.
6.4.3 CMOS / NCH. Open Drain Output
The port B outputs can be configured as either CMOS or Nch. open drain outputs. In CMOS both logic `1' and `0' are driven out on the terminal. In Nch. Open Drain only the logic `0' is driven on the terminal, the logic `1' value is defined by the internal pull-up resistor (if implemented), or high impedance.
Figure 12. CMOS or Nch. Open Drain Outputs
C M O S O u tp u t N c h . O p e n D ra in O u tp u t
A c tiv e P u llu p fo r H ig h S ta te MUX D R [n ] F re q u e n c y O u tp u ts D a ta T ri-S ta te O u tp u t B u ffe r : c lo s e d 1 I/O T e rm in a l P B [n ] MUX D R [n ] F re q u e n c y O u tp u ts T ri-S ta te O u tp u t B u ffe r : H ig h Im p e d a n c e fo r D a ta = 1 I/O T e rm in a l P B [n ]
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6.4.4 PWM and Frequency Output
PB[3] can also be used to output the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal from the 10-Bit Counter, the Ck[16], Ck[11] as well as the Ck[1] prescaler frequencies. -Selecting PWM output on PB[3] with bit PWMOn in register RegPresc and running the counter. -Selecting Ck[16] output on PB[2] with bit PB32kHzOut in register OPTFSelPB -Selecting Ck[11] output on PB[1] with bit PB1kHzOut in register OPTFSelPB -Selecting Ck[1 ] output on PB[0] with bit PB1HzOut in register OPTFSelPB
6.5
Port B Registers
Description PB[3] input and output PB[2] input and output PB[1] input and output PB[0] input and output
Table 6.5.1 Register RegPBData Bit Name Reset R/W 3 PBData[3] R*/W 2 PBData[2] R*/W 1 PBData[1] R*/W 0 PBData[0] R*/W * : Direct read on the port B terminal (not the internal register) Table 6.5.2 Register RegPBCntl Bit Name Reset 3 PBIOCntl[3] 0 2 PBIOCntl[2] 0 1 PBIOCntl[1] 0 0 PBIOCntl[0] 0 Default "0" is: port B in input mode Table 6.5.3 Option Register OPTFSelPB Bit power on R/W Description value 3 InpResSleep 0 R/W Reset from sleep with port A 2 PB32kHzOut 0 R/W Ck[16] output on PB[2] 1 PB1kHzOut 0 R/W Ck[11] output on PB[1] 0 PB1HzOut 0 R/W Ck[1] output on PB[0] Default "0" is: No frequency output, port A Input Reset can not reset the SLEEP mode. Name power on value 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description No pull-down on PB[3] No pull-down on PB[2] No pull-down on PB[1] No pull-down on PB[0] Name R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description I/O control for PB[3] I/O control for PB[2] I/O control for PB[1] I/O control for PB[0]
Table 6.5.4 Option Register OPTNoPdPB Bit 3 2 1 0
NoPdPB[3] NoPdPB[2] NoPdPB[1] NoPdPB[0] Default "0" is: Pull-down on Name
Table 6.5.5 Option Register OPTNchOpDPB Bit 3 2 1 0 power on value 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Nch. Open Drain on PB[3] Nch. Open Drain on PB[2] Nch. Open Drain on PB[1] Nch. Open Drain on PB[0]
NchOpDPB[3] NchOpDPB[2] NchOpDPB[1] NchOpDPB[0] Default "0" is: CMOS output
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6.6 Port Serial
The EM6522 contains a simple, half duplex three wire synchronous type serial interface., which can be used to program or read an external EEPROM, ADC, ... etc. For data reception, a shift-register converts the serial input data on the SIN(PSP[0]) terminal to a parallel format, which is subsequently read by the CPU in registers RegSDataL and RegSDataH for low and high nibble. To transmit data, the CPU loads data into the shift register, which then serializes it on the SOUT(PSP[2]) terminal. It is possible for the shift register to simultaneously shift data out on the SOUT terminal and shift data on the SIN terminal. In Master mode, the shifting clock is supplied internally by the Prescaler : one of three prescaler frequencies are available, Ck[16], Ck[15] or Ck[14]. In Slave mode, the shifting clock is supplied externally on the SCLKIn(PSP[3]) terminal. In either mode, it is possible to program : the shifting edge, shift MSB first or LSB first and direct shift output. All these selection are done in register RegSCntl1 and RegSCntl2. Figure 13. Serial Interface Architecture
Serial Master Clock Output SCLKOut to SCLK Terminal Serial Input Data from SIN terminal Internal Master Clock Source (from Prescaler) External Slave Clock Source (SCLKIn from SCLK terminal) Serial Output Data to SOUT Terminal
8 Bit Shift Register
Shift CK Write Tx Read Rx Shift Complete (8th Shift Clock)
M U X
Mode
IRQSerial
Clock Enable
High-Z to all SP[3:0] Terminals
Control & Status Registers 4-Bit Internal Data Bus
Start Direct MSB/LSB Status Reset Start Shift First
Status to CS/ Ready Terminal
Control Logic
The PSP[3..0] terminal configuration is shown in Figure 14. When the Serial Interface is active then :
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PSP[1] {Ready / CS) is outputting the ready (slave mode) or the CS signal (master mode). PSP[2] {SOUT} is always an output. PSP[0] {SIN} is always an input. PSP[3] {SCLK} is an output for Master mode {SCLKOut} and an input for Slave mode {SCLKIn}
6.6.1 4-bit Parallel I/O
Selecting OM[1],OM[0] = `1' in register RegSCntl2 the PSP[3:0] terminals are configured as a 4-bit Output. Output data is stored in the register RegSPData . The RegSPData is defined as a read/write register, but what is read is not the register output, but the port PSP[3:0] terminal values Selecting OM[1],OM[0] = `0' in register RegSCntl2 the PSP[3:0] outputs are cut off (tristate). The terminals can be used as inputs with individual (bit-wise) pull-up or pull-down settings. Independent of the selected configuration, the PSP[3:0] terminal levels are always readable.
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Figure 14. Port SP Terminal Configuration
Pull-down Option Register Pd[n] Nch. Open Drain Option Register OD[n]
Active Pull-up in Nch. Open Drain Mode
Internal Data Bus
Mode (direction for SCLKOut Terminal only)
Read Parallel Output Data Register DR[n] MUX Tristate
Serial / Parallel Control
Mask Option MPSPU[n]
I / O Terminal Serial Interface Outputs (SOUT, Ready/CS and SCLK) Parallel Output Read DB[n] Serial Interface Inputs (SIN and SCLKIn) Active Pulldown Read OR Serial Mode SP[n]
Mask Option MPSPD[n]
6.6.2 Pull-up or Pull-down
For each terminal of PSP[3:0] an input pull-up (metal mask MPSPU[n]) or pull-down (metal mask MPSPD[n]) resistor can be implemented per metal mask option (ROM version only). Per default the two metal masks are in place, so one can chose per software to have either a pull-up, a pull-down or no resistor. For Metal mask selection and available resistor values refer to chapter Error! Reference source not found. Pull-down ON : MPSPD[n] must be in place , AND the bit NoPdPS[n] must be `0' . Pull-down OFF: MPSPD[n] is not in place, OR if MPSPD[n] is in place NoPdPS[n] = `1' cuts off the pull-down. OR selecting NchOpDPS[n] = `1' cuts off the pull-down. Pull-up ON * : MPSPU[n] must be in place, AND the bit NchOpDPS[n] must be `1' , AND ( the bits OM[1,0] in RegSysCntl2 = `00' (input mode) OR any of the port SP terminals is in output mode with a logic `1' to be driven) . : MPSPU[n] is not in place, OR if MPSPU[n] is in place NchOpDPS[n] = `0' cuts off the pull-up, OR if MPSPU[n] is in place and NchOpDPS[n] = `1' then SerPData[n] = 0 cuts off the pull-up.
Pull-up OFF*
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For POWER SAVING one can switch off the port SP pull resistors between two read phases. No cross current flows in the input amplifier while the port SP is not read. This power saving feature must only be used in tristate mode (OM[0,1]=0). The recommended order is : * switch on the pull resistor. * allow sufficient time - RC constant - for the pull resistor to drive the line to either VSS or VDD. * Read the port SP * Switch off the pull resistor Minimum time with current on the pull resistor is 4 periods of the system clock, if the RC constant is lower than 1 system clock period. Adding a NOP before reading moves the number of periods with current in the pull resistor to 6 and the maximum RC delay to 3 clock periods.
6.6.3 Nch. Open Drain Outputs
The port SP outputs can be configured as either CMOS or Nch. open drain outputs. In CMOS both logic `1' and `0' are driven out on the terminal. In Nch. open drain only the logic `0' is driven out on the terminal, the logic `1' value is high impedance or defined by the internal pull-up resistor (if existing). Figure 15. CMOS or Nch. Open Drain outputs
CMOS Output
Nch. Open Drain Output
Active Pull-up for High State
MUX DR[n] Serial Interface Output Data
1
I/O Term inal SP[n]
MUX DR[n] Serial Interface Output Data Tristate Output Buffer : High Im pedance for Data = 1
I/O Term inal SP[n]
Tristate Output Buffer : closed
6.6.4 General Functional Description
After power on or after any reset the serial interface is in serial slave mode with Start and Status set to 0, LSB first, negative shift edge and all outputs are in high impedance state. When the Start bit is set, the shift operation is enabled and the serial interface is ready to transmit or receive data, eight shift operations are performed: 8 serial data values are read from the data input terminal into the shift register and the previous loaded 8-bits are send out via the data output terminal. After the eight shift operation, an interrupt is generated, and the Start bit is reset. Parallel to serial conversion procedure ( master mode example ). Write to RegSCntl1 serial control (clock freq. in master mode, edge and MSB/LSB select). Write to RegSDataL and RegSDataH (shift out data values). Write to RegSCntl2 (Start=1, mode select, status). ---> Starts the shift out After the eighth clock an interrupt is generated, Start becomes low. Then, interrupt handling Serial to parallel conversion procedure (slave mode example). Write to RegSCntl1 (slave mode, edge and MSB/LSB select). Write to RegSCntl2 (Start=1, mode select, status). After eight serial clocks an interrupt is generated, Start becomes low. Interrupt handling. Shift register RegSDataL and RegSDataH read. A new shift operation can be authorized.
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6.6.5 Detailed Functional Description
Master or Slave mode is selected in the control register RegSCntl1. In Slave mode, the serial clock comes from an external device and is input via the PSP[3] terminal as a synchronous clock (SCLKIn) to the serial interface. The serial clock is ignored as long as the Start bit is not set. After setting Start, only the eight following active edges of the serial clock input PSP[3] are used to shift the serial data in and out. After eight serial clock edges the Start bit is reset. The PSP[1] terminal is a copy of the (Start OR Status) bit values, it can be used to indicate to the external master, that the interface is ready to operate or it can be used as a chip select signal in case of an external slave. In Master mode, the synchronous serial clock is generated internally from the system clock. The frequency is selected from one out of three sources ( MS0 and MS1 bits in RegSCntl1) . The serial shifting clock is only generated during Start = high and is output to the SCLK terminal as the Master Clock (SCLKOut). When Start is low, the serial clock output on PSP[3] is 0. An interrupt request IRQSerial is generated after the eight shift operations are done. This signal is set by the last negative edge of the serial interface clock on PSP[3] (master or slave mode) and is reset to 0 by the next write of Start or by any reset. This interrupt can be masked with register RegIRQMask3. For more details about the interrupt handling see chapter 10. Serial data input on PSP[0] is sampled by the positive or negative serial shifting clock edge, as selected by the Control Register POSnNeg bit. Serial data input is shifted in LSB first or MSB first, as selected by the Control Register MSBnLSB bit.
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6.6.6 Output Modes
Serial data output is given out in two different ways (Refer also to
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Figure 16 and Figure 17).
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- OM[1] = 1, OM[0] = 0 : The serial output data is generated with the selected shift register clock (POSnNeg). The first data bit is available directly after the Start bit is set. -OM[1] = 0, OM[0] = 1 : The serial output data is re-synchronized by the positive serial interface clock edge, independent of the selected clock shifting edge. The first data bit is available on the first positive serial interface clock edge after Start=`1'.
Figure 16. Direct or Re-Synchronized Output
SIN bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 bit5 bit6 bit7 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
+ve/-ve Edge MSBnLSB
M U X
SOUT
Direct Shift Out
SIN bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 bit5 bit6 bit7 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0
+ve/-ve Edge +ve Edge clock
M U X
SOUT
bit[n Re-synchronised shift out
]
Table 6.6.6 Output Mode Selection in RegSCntl2 OM[1] 0 0 1 1 OM[0] 0 1 0 1 Output mode Tristate SerialSynchronized Serial-Direct Parallel Description Output disable (tristate on PSP[3:0]) Re-synchronized positive edge data shift out Direct shift pos. or neg. edge data out Parallel port SP output
Tristate output is selected by default.
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Figure 17 Shift Operation and IRQ Generation
SCLK = System Clock; Clock Source Shift Ck Start IRQ Shift Register SIN 10010011 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 01001100 Active Edge = Neg. Edge; Sense = MSB First
OM[1]=0, OM[0]=1 : Re-Synchronized on positive SCLK clock edge data out SOUT 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
OM[1]=1, OM[0]=0 : direct data out on pos. or neg. SCLK clock edge depending on bit POSnNeg SOUT 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
6.6.7 Reset and Sleep on Port SP
During circuit initialization, all option registers are reset by Power On Reset and therefore all pull-ups are off and all pull-downs are on. During Sleep mode, Port SP inputs are cut-off , the circuit is in Reset State. However the Reset State does not reset the option registers and pull-downs, if previously turned on, remain on even during Sleep mode. After any reset the serial interface parameters are reset to : Slave mode, Start and Status = 0, LSB first, negative edge shift , PSP[3:0] tristate.
Note : A write operation in the control registers or in the data registers while Start is high will change internal values and may cause an error condition. The user must take care of the serial interface status before writing internal registers. In order to read the correct values on the data registers, the shift operation must be halted during the read accesses.
Figure 18. Sample Basic Serial Port Connections
Master Mode
EM 6522
SP[3]; SCLKOut SP[2]; SOUT SP[0]; SIN Ready SP[1]: Status
Slave Mode
External EM 6522
SP[3]; SCLKIn SP[2]; SOUT SP[0]; SIN SP[1]; Status
External
Serial Clock Out Serial Data In Serial Data Out Ready
Serial Clock In Serial Data In Serial Data Out Status Output CS
optional connection
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6.7 Serial Interface Registers
Bit 3 2 1 Description Frequency selection Frequency selection Positive or negative clock edge selection for shift operation 0 MSBnLSB 0 R/W Shift MSB or LSB value first Default "0" is: Slave mode external clock, negative edge, LSB first Name MS1 MS0 POSnNeg Reset 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W
Table 6.7.1 Register RegSCntl1
Table 6.7.2 Frequency and Master Slave Mode Selection
MS1 0 0 1 1
MS0 0 1 0 1
Description Slave mode: Clock from external Master mode: System clock / 4 Master mode: System clock / 2 Master mode: System clock
Table 6.7.3 Register RegSCntl2
Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 Start 0 R/W Enabling the interface, 2 Status 0 R/W Ready or Chip Select output on PSP[1] 1 OM[1] 0 R/W Output mode select 1 0 OM[0] 0 R/W Output mode select 0 Default "0" is: Interface disabled, status 0, serial mode, output tristate.
Table 6.7.4 Register RegSDataL
Bit Name 3 SerDataL[3] 2 SerDataL[2] 1 SerDataL[1] 0 SerDataL[0] Default "0" is: Data equal 0.
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Serial data low nibble Serial data low nibble Serial data low nibble Serial data low nibble
Table 6.7.5 Register RegSDataH
Bit Name 3 SerDataH[3] 2 SerDataH[2] 1 SerDataH[1] 0 SerDataH[0] Default "0" is: Data equal 0.
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Serial data high nibble Serial data high nibble Serial data high nibble Serial data high nibble
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Table 6.7.6 Register RegSPData
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 SerPData[3] 0 R* /W 2 SerPData[2] 0 R* /W 1 SerPData[1] 0 R* /W 0 SerPData[0] 0 R* /W R* : The input terminal value is read, not the register
Description Parallel output data Parallel output data Parallel output data Parallel output data
Table 6.7.7 Option Register OPTNoPdPS
Bit Name 3 NoPdPS[3] 2 NoPdPS[2] 1 NoPdPS[1] 0 NoPdPS[0] Default "0" is: Pull-down on
0 0 0 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description No pull-down on PSP[3] No pull-down on PSP[2] No pull-down on PSP[1] No pull-down on PSP[0]
Table 6.7.8 Option Register OPTNchOpDPS
Bit Name 3 NchOpDPS[3] 2 NchOpDPS[2] 1 NchOpDPS[1] 0 NchOpDPS[0] Default "0" is: CMOS output
0 0 0 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Nch. Open Drain on PSP[3] Nch. Open Drain on PSP[2] Nch. Open Drain on PSP[1] Nch. Open Drain on PSP[0]
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7 Melody, Buzzer
A normal application is to drive a buzzer connected onto the terminal Buzzer. This peripheral cell is a combination of a 7 frequency tone generator and a 4-bit timer, used to provide a 50% duty cycle signal on the Buzzer terminal of a pre-selected length and frequency. The Buzzer terminal is active as long as the timer is not 0 or the SwBuzzer is set to `1'. The 4-bit timer can be used for another application independent of the Buzzer terminal by selecting "silence" instead of another frequency on the Buzzer output. "Silence" can also be used as part of a melody, or to switch off the buzzer. To use the buzzer independent of the 4-bit timer one has to set the switch SwBuzzer. This bit is in register RegMelTim and selects the signal duration on the buzzer output. If SwBuzzer=1 then the signal is output until the bit is set back to 0 . With SwBuzzer=0 the output signal duration is controlled by the 4bit timer. If neither the SwBuzzer or the timer are active, the Buzzer terminal is on 0. The high impedance state setting with BzOutEn is independent of the SwBuzzer and Timer settings. As soon as the bit is set to 1 the Buzzer terminal is set tristate. See also Figure 19.
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Figure 19. Melody Generator Block Diagram
BzO utEn
Ck[16]
(from Prescaler)
1 Frequency G enerator VSS
8 Frequency Select SwBuzzer
0
M UX
BZ Term inal
FlBuzzer
Control Logic
Auto
Close Zero
IR Q Bz 4 - Bit T im er
T im er C lock
(from Prescaler)
Control & Status Registers
Period Register
Internal Data Bus DB[3:0]
7.1
4-Bit Timer
The timer has 2 modes: - Single run mode (Auto=0) - Continuous run mode (Auto=1) Mode selection and timer count down frequency is done in register RegMelTim. All timer frequencies are coming from the prescaler. The 4-bit timer can be used independent of the melody buzzer application. Whenever the timer reaches 0 it generates an interrupt request IRQBz in the register RegIRQ2 . This interrupt can be masked with the bit MaskIRQBz in register RegIRQMask2. By writing 0 into the timer period register the timer stops immediately and does not generate an interrupt.
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7.1.1 Single Run Mode
The timer duration is controlled by the RegMelPeri value and the selected timer frequency in RegMelTim. The timer is counting down from its previously charged value until it reaches 0. On 0 the timer stops and generates an interrupt request. The buzzer frequency output is enabled after the next positive timer clock edge and remains enabled until the timer reaches 0.
Figure 20. Single Run Mode
Timer Clock
Timer Value
2
1
0
1
0
Buzzer IRQBz
P writes 2 into RegMelPeri
P writes 1 into RegMelPeri
7.1.2 Continuos Run Mode
This is almost the same as the single run mode only that in this case the timer after reaching 0 reloads itself automatically with the register RegMelPeri value. Every time the timer reaches 0 an interrupt request is send. There are 2 ways to stop the continuos mode. * First, changing the mode to single run mode. As the timer reaches 0 it stops. The last period after Auto=0 is of length RegMelPeri + 1. * Second, loading 0 into the timer period register RegMelPeri stops the timer immediately, no interrupt is generated and the Auto flag is reset. The buzzer frequency output is enabled directly by writing Auto=1.
Figure 21. Continuos Run Mode
Timer Clock
Timer Value
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
Buzzer IRQBz
P writes 2 into RegMelPeri P writes Auto = 1
n periods n+1 periods
P writes Auto = 0
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7.2 Programming Order
1st, selecting the buzzer frequency into RegMelFSel. 2nd, selecting the timer clock frequency in RegMelTim. 3rd, selecting the timer period in RegMelPeri. --> On the next positive clock edge the buzzer output is enabled. Continuos run mode usage 1st, selecting the buzzer frequency into RegMelFSel. 2nd, selecting the timer clock frequency in RegMelTim (Auto=0). 3rd, selecting the timer period in RegMelPeri. 4th, set bit Auto in RegMelTim. --> Immediately the buzzer output is active. Avoid timer clock frequency switch during buzzer operation. Single run mode usage
7.3
Melody Registers
Bit Name Reset 3 BzOutEn 0 2 MelFSel[2] 0 1 MelFSel[1] 0 0 MelFSel[0] 0 Default : Buzzer tristate, silence R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Buzzer Output tristate Buzzer frequency select Buzzer frequency select Buzzer frequency select
Table 7.3.1 Register RegMelFSel
Table 7.3.2 Buzzer Output Frequency Selection with MelFSel[2..0]
MelFSel[2] 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
MelFSel[1] 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
MelFSel[0] 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Frequency VSS (silence) SysClock/8 SysClock/10 SysClock/12 SysClock/14 SysClock/16 SysClock/20 SysClock/24
DO8 SOL7# FA7 RE7 DO7 SOL6# FA6
Table 7.3.3 Register RegMelTim
Bit 3
Name Reset R/W Description SwBuzzer 0 W Write: switch buzzer FlBuzzer 0 R Read: flag buzzer 2 Auto 0 R/W Single or continuos run mode 1 FTimSel1 0 R/W Timer clock frequency select 0 FTimSel0 0 R/W Timer clock frequency select Default : Single run mode, Ck[3] from prescaler as timer clock
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Table 7.3.4 Timer Clock Frequency Select
FTimSel0 0 1 0 1
FTimSel1 0 0 1 1
Timer Clock Ck[3] Ck[5] Ck[7] Ck[1]
On 32 KHz operation 4 Hz 16 Hz 64 Hz 1 Hz
Table 7.3.5 Register RegMelPeri
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name Per[3] Per[2] Per[1] Per[0]
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W W W W W
Description Melody timer period MSB Melody timer period Melody timer period Melody timer period LSB
The total timer period duration is calculated as following:
Duration = Value(RegMelPeri) x 1/Ck[n]
Where, Ck[n] is the timer clock frequency and Value(RegMelPeri) is the value of the register RegMelPeri.
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8 10-bit Counter
The EM6522 has a built-in universal cyclic counter. It can be configured as 10, 8, 6 or 4-bit counter. If 10-bits are selected we call that full bit counting, if 8, 6 or 4-bits are selected we call that limited bit counting. The counter works in up- or down count mode. Eight clocks can be used as the input clock source, six of them are prescaler frequencies and two are coming from the input pads PA[0] and PA[3]. In this case the counter can be used as an event counter. The counter generates an interrupt request IRQCount0 every time it reaches 0 in down count mode or 3FF in up count mode. Another interrupt request IRQCntComp is generated in compare mode whenever the counter value matches the compare data register value. Each of this interrupt requests can be masked (default). See section 10 for more information about the interrupt handling.
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A 10-bit data register CReg[9:0] is used to initialize the counter at a specific value (load into Count[9:0]). This data register (CReg[9:0]) is also used to compare its value against Count[9:0] for equivalence. A Pulse-Width-Modulation signal (PWM) can be generated and output on port B terminal PB[3].
Figure 22. 10-bit Counter Block Diagram
PA[0] Ck[15] Ck[12] Ck[10] Ck[8] Ck[4] Ck[1] PA[3]
En ck
Comparator
IRQCntComp
PWM
MUX
ck Up/Down En
RegCDataL, M, H (Count[9:0]) Up/Down Counter Counter Read Register
IRQCount0
RegCCntl1, 2
CountFSel2...0 Up/Down Start EvCount Load EnComp
EvCount Load
RegCDataL, M, H (CReg[9:0]) Data Register DB[3:0]
Full and Limited Bit Counting Table 7.3.1. Counter length selection In Full Bit Counting mode the counter uses its maximum BitSel[1] BitSel[0 ] counter length of 10-bits length (default ). With the BitSel[1,0] bits in 0 0 10-Bit register RegCDataH one can lower the counter length, 0 1 8-Bit for IRQ generation, to 8, 6 or 4 bits. This means that actually the counter always uses all the 10-bits, but 1 0 6-Bit IRQCount0 generation is only performed on the number 1 1 4-Bit of selected bits. The unused counter bits may or may not be taken into account for the IRQComp generation depending on bit SelIntFull. Refer to chapter 8.4.
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8.1
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8.2 Frequency Select and Up/Down Counting
8 different input clocks can be selected to drive the Counter. The selection is done with bits CountFSel2...0 in register RegCCntl1. 6 of this input clocks are coming from the prescaler. The maximum prescaler clock frequency for the counter is half the system clock and the lowest is 1Hz. Therefore a complete counter roll over can take as much as 17.07 minutes (1Hz clock, 10 bit length) or as little as 977 s (Ck[15], 4 bit length). The IRQCount0, generated at each roll over, can be used for time bases, measurements length definitions, input polling, wake up from Halt mode, etc. The IRQCount0 and IRQComp are generated with the system clock Ck[16] rising edge. IRQCount0 condition in up count mode is : reaching 3FF if 10-bit counter length (or FF, 3F, F in 8, 6, 4-bit counter length). In down count mode the condition is reaching `0'. The non-selected bits are `don't care'. For IRQComp refer to section 8.4.
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Note: The Prescaler and the Microprocessor clock's are usually non-synchronous, therefore time bases generated are max. n, min. n-1 clock cycles long (n being the selected counter start value in count down mode). However the prescaler clock can be synchronized with P commands using for instance the prescaler reset function. Figure 23. Counter Clock Timing
P r e s c a le r F r e q u e n c ie s o r D e b o u n c e d P o r t A C lo c k s S y s te m C lo c k P r e s c a le r C lo c k C o u n tin g C o u n te r IR Q 's N o n - D e b o u n c e d P o rt A C lo c k s ( S y s te m C lo c k In d e p e n d e n t) S y s te m C lo c k P o rt A C lo c k D iv id e d C lo c k C o u n tin g C o u n te r IR Q 's
The two remaining clock sources are coming from the PA[0] or PA[3] terminals. Refer to the Figure 10 on page 15 for details. Both sources can be either debounced (Ck[11] or Ck[8]) or direct inputs, the input polarity can also be chosen. The output after the debouncer polarity selector is named PA3 , PA0 respectively. For the debouncer and input polarity selection refer to chapter 6.3.
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In the case of port A input clock without debouncer, the counting clock frequency will be half the input clock on port A. The counter advances on every odd numbered port A negative edge ( divided clock is high level ). IRQCount0 and IRQComp will be generated on the rising PA3 or PA0 input clock edge. In this condition the EM6522 is able to count with a higher clock rate as the internal system clock (Hi-Frequency Input). Maximum port A input frequency is limited to 200kHz (@VDD 2.0 V). If higher frequencies are needed, please contact EM-Marin. In both, up or down count (default) mode, the counter is cyclic. The counting direction is chosen in register RegCCntl1 bit Up/Down (default `0' is down count). The counter increases or decreases its value with each positive clock edge of the selected input clock source. Start up synchronization is necessary because one can not always know the clock status when enabling the counter. With EvCount=0, the counter will only start on the next positive clock edge after a previously latched negative edge, while the Start bit was already set to `1'. This synchronization is done differently if event count mode (bit EvCount) is chosen. Refer also to Figure 24. Internal Clock Synchronization.
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8.3 Event Counting
The counter can be used in a special event count mode where a certain number of events (clocks) on the PA[0] or PA[3] input are counted. In this mode the counting will start directly on the next active clock edge on the selected port A input. The Event Count mode is switched on by setting bit EvCount in the register RegCCntl2 to `1'.PA[3] and PA[0] inputs can be inverted depending on register OPTIntEdgPA and should be debounced. The debouncer is switched on in register OPTDebIntPA bits NoDebIntPA[3,0]=0. Its frequency depends on the bit DebSel from register RegPresc setting. The inversion of the internal clock signal derived from PA[3] or PA[0] is active with IntEdgPA[3] respectively IntEdgPA[0] equal to 1. Refer also to Figure 10 for internal clock signal generation.
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Figure 24. Internal Clock Synchronization
Ck Start
Count[9:0] +/-1
Ck Start
Count[9:0] +/-1
Ck Start
Count[9:0]
Ck Start
Count[9:0] +/-1
EvCount = 0
EvCount = 0
EvCount = 1
EvCount = 1
8.4
Compare Function
A previously loaded register value (CReg[9:0]) can be compared against the actual counter value (Count[9:0]). If the two are matching (equality) then an interrupt (IRQComp) is generated. The compare function is switched on with the bit EnComp in the register RegCCntl2. With EnComp = 0 no IRQComp is generated. Starting the counter with the same value as the compare register is possible, no IRQ is generated on start. Full or Limited bit compare are possible, defined by bit SelIntFull in register RegSysCntl1. EnComp must be written after a load operation (Load = 1). Every load operation resets the bit EnComp.
Full bit compare function. Bit SelIntFull is set to `1'. The function behaves as described above independent of the selected counter length. Limited bit counting together with full bit compare can be used to generate a certain amount of IRQCount0 interrupts until the counter generates the IRQComp interrupt. With PWMOn=`1' the counter would have automatically stopped after the IRQComp, with PWMOn=`0' it will continue until the software stops it. EnComp must be cleared before setting SelIntFull and before starting the counter again. Be careful, PWMOn also redefines the port B PB[3] output data.(refer to section 8.5). Limited bit compare With the bit SelIntFull set to `0' (default) the compare function will only take as many bits into account as defined by the counter length selection BitSel[1:0] (see chapter 8.1).
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8.5
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
The PWM generator uses the behavior of the Compare function (see above) so EnComp must be set to activate the PWM function.. At each Roll Over or Compare Match the PWM state - which is output on port B PB[3] - will toggle. The start value on PB[3] is forced while EnComp is 0 the value is depending on the up or down count mode. Every counter value load operation resets the bit EnComp and therefore the PWM start value is reinstalled. Setting PWMOn to `1' in register RegPresc routes the counter PWM output to port B terminal PB[3]. Insure that PB[3] is set to output mode . Refer to section 6.4 for the port B setup. The PWM signal generation is independent of the limited or full bit compare selection bit SelIntFull. However if SelIntFull = 1 (FULL) and the counter compare function is limited to lower than 10 bits one can generate a predefined number of output pulses. In this case, the number of output pulses is defined by the value of the unused counter bits. It will count from the start value until the IRQComp match. One must not use a compare value of hex 0 in up count mode nor a value of hex 3FF (or FF,3F, F if limited bit compare) in down count mode.
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For instance, loading the counter in up count mode with hex 000 and the comparator with hex C52 which will be identified as : - bits[11:10] are limiting the counter to limits to 4 bits length, =03 - bits [9:4] are the unused counter bits = hex 05 (bin 000101), - bits [3:0] (comparator value = 2). (BitSel[1,0]) (number of PWM pulses) (length of PWM pulse)
Thus after 5 PWM-pulses of 2 clocks cycles length the Counter generates an IRQComp and stops. The same example with SelIntFull=0 (limited bit compare) will produce an unlimited number of PWM at a length of 2 clock cycles.
8.5.1 How the PWM Generator works.
For Up Count Mode; Setting the counter in up count and PWM mode the PB[3] PWM output is defined to be 0 (EnComp=0 forces the PWM output to 0 in upcount mode, 1 in downcount). Each Roll Over will set the output to `1' and each Compare Match will set it back to `0'. The Compare Match for PWM always only works on the defined counter length. This, independent of the SelIntFull setting which is valid only for the IRQ generation. Refer also to the compare setup in chapter 8.4.
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In above example the PWM starts counting up on hex 0, 2 cycles later compare match -> PWM to `0', 14 cycles later roll over -> PWM to `1' 2 cycles later compare match -> PWM to `0' , etc. until the completion of the 5 pulses. The normal IRQ generation remains on during PWM output. If no IRQ's are wanted, the corresponding masks need to be set.
Figure 25. PWM Output in Up Count Mode
Clock Count[9 :0] 03E Roll-over Compare IRQCount0 IRQComp PWM output 03F 000 001 ... Data-1 Data Data+1 Data+2
Figure 26. PWM Output in Down Count Mode
Clock Count[9 :0] 001 Roll-over Compare IRQCount0 IRQComp PWM output 000 3FF 3FE ... Data+1 Data Data-1 Data-2
In Down Count Mode everything is inverted. The PWM output starts with the `1' value. Each Roll Over will set the output to `0' and each Compare Match will set it back to `1'. For limited pulse generation one must load the complementary pulse number value. I.e. for 5 pulses counting on 4 bits load bits[9 :4] with hex 3A (bin 111010).
8.5.2 PWM Characteristics
PWM resolution is : 10bits (1024 steps), 8bits (256 steps), 6bits (64 steps) or 4 bits (16 steps) the minimal signal period is : 16 (4-bit) x Fmax* -> 16 x 1/Ck[15] -> 977 s (32 KHz) the maximum signal period is : 1024 x Fmin* -> 1024 x 1/Ck[1] -> 1024 s (32 KHz) the minimal pulse width is : 1 bit -> 1 x 1/Ck[15] -> 61 s (32 KHz) * This values are for Fmax or Fmin derived from the internal system clock (32kHz). Much shorter (and longer) PWM pulses can be achieved by using the port A as frequency input. One must not use a compare value of hex 0 in up count mode nor a value of hex 3FF (or FF,3F, F if limited bit compare) in downcount mode.
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8.6 Counter Setup
RegCDataL[3:0], RegCDataM[3:0], RegCDataH[1:0] are used to store the initial count value called CReg[9:0] which is written into the count register bits Count[9:0] when writing the bit Load to `1' in RegCCntl2. This bit is automatically reset thereafter. The counter value Count[9:0] can be read out at any time, except when using non-debounced high frequency port A input clock. To maintain data integrity the lower nibble Count[3:0] must always be read first. The ShCount[9:4] values are shadow registers to the counter. To keep the data integrity during a counter read operation (3 reads), the counter values [9:4] are copied into these registers with the read of the count[3:0] register. If using non-debounced high frequency port A input the counter must be stopped while reading the Count[3:0] value to maintain the data integrity. In down count mode an interrupt request IRQCount0 is generated when the counter reaches 0. In up count mode, an interrupt request is generated when the counter reaches 3FF (or FF,3F,F if limited bit counting).
Never an interrupt request is generated by loading a value into the counter register. When the counter is programmed from up into down mode or vice versa, the counter value Count[9:0] gets inverted. As a consequence, the initial value of the counter must be programmed after the Up/Down selection. Loading the counter with hex 000 is equivalent to writing stop mode, the Start bit is reset, no interrupt request is generated. How to use the counter; If PWM output is required one has to put the port B[3] in output mode and set PWMOn=1 in step 5. 1st, set the counter into stop mode (Start=0). 2nd, select the frequency and up- or down count mode in RegCCntl1. 3rd, write the data registers RegCDataL, RegCDataM, RegCDataH (counter start value and length) 4th, load the counter, Load=1, and choose the mode. (EvCount, EnComp=0) 5th, select bits PWMOn in RegPresc and SelIntFull in RegSysCntl1 6th, if compare mode desired , then write RegCDataL, RegCDataM, RegCDataH (compare value) 7th, set bit Start and select EnComp in RegCCntl2
8.7
10-bit Counter Registers
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 Up/Down 0 R/W 2 CountFSel2 0 R/W 1 CountFSel1 0 R/W 0 CountFsel0 0 R/W Default : PA0 ,selected as input clock, Down counting Description Up or down counting Input clock selection Input clock selection Input clock selection
Table 8.7.1 Register RegCCntl1
Table 8.7.2 Counter Input Frequency Selection with CountFSel[2..0]
CountFSel2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
CountFSel1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
CountFSel0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
clock source selection Port A PA[0] Prescaler Ck[15] Prescaler Ck[12] Prescaler Ck[10] Prescaler Ck[8] Prescaler Ck[4] Prescaler Ck[1] Port A PA[3]
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Table 8.7.3 Register RegCCntl2 Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 Start 0 R/W Start/Stop control 2 EvCount 0 R/W Event counter enable 1 EnComp 0 R/W Enable comparator 0 Load 0 R/W Write: load counter register; Read: always 0 Default : Stop, no event count, no comparator, no load Table 8.7.4 Register RegSysCntl1 Bit Name Reset 3 IntEn 0 2 SLEEP 0 1 SelIntFull 0 0 ChTmDis 0 Default : Interrupt on limited bit compare
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description General interrupt enable Sleep mode Compare Interrupt select For EM test only
Table 8.7.5 Register RegCDataL, Counter/Compare Low Data Nibble Bit Name Reset R/W 3 CReg[3] 0 W 2 CReg[2] 0 W 1 CReg[1] 0 W 0 CReg[0] 0 W 3 Count[3] 0 R 2 Count[2] 0 R 1 Count[1] 0 R 0 Count[0] 0 R Table 8.7.6 Register RegCDataM, Counter/Compare Middle Data Nibble Bit Name Reset R/W 3 CReg[7] 0 W 2 CReg[6] 0 W 1 CReg[5] 0 W 0 CReg[4] 0 W 3 ShCount[7] 0 R 2 ShCount[6] 0 R 1 ShCount[5] 0 R 0 ShCount[4] 0 R
Description Counter data bit 3 Counter data bit 2 Counter data bit 1 Counter data bit 0 Data register bit 3 Data register bit 2 Data register bit 1 Data register bit 0
Description Counter data bit 7 Counter data bit 6 Counter data bit 5 Counter data bit 4 Data register bit 7 Data register bit 6 Data register bit 5 Data register bit 4
Table 8.7.7 Register RegCDataH, Counter/Compare High Data Nibble Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 BitSel[1] 0 R/W Bit select for limited bit count/compare 2 BitSel[0] 0 R/W Bit select for limited bit count/compare 1 CReg[9] 0 W Counter data bit 9 0 CReg[8] 0 W Counter data bit 8 1 ShCount[9] 0 R Data register bit 9 0 ShCount[8] 0 R Data register bit 8 Table 8.7.8 Counter Length Selection BitSel[1] BitSel[0 ] counter length 0 0 10-Bit 0 1 8-Bit 1 0 6-Bit 1 1 4-Bit
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9 Millisecond Counter
The EM6522 has a built-in millisecond binary coded decimal counter. It can be used to measure the time elapsed between two events (hardware or software events). With a system clock of 32kHz, the counter generates every 1/10 second or every second an interrupt request. The counter value read on registers RegMSCDataL, RegMSCDataM and RegMSCDataH is in binary coded decimal format (000 to 999). To maintain the data integrity for the 3 decimal digits inside BCD[11:0] one must stop the counter while reading the full 3 digit value. An overflow flag FlSec is set whenever the counter reached 999. This flag is helpful when the counter is used in polling mode and twice the same value is read. In this case, if the flag is set to 1, it indicates that the two readings were 1 second apart, in the case the flag is not set, the two readings must have been very short one after the other. After every read of RegMSCCntl2 the FlSec gets automatically reset. The millisecond counter is reset with every system reset. Setting the ResMSC flag located in register RegMSCCntl1 resets the counter value only. This flag is automatically reset after the write operation. For good resolution in Pa3-mode use the Ck[14 ] debouncer clock (250us). Or if the 1/1000 sec is not relevant then choose Ck[10] (4ms) as debouncer clock. Doing so will save power. The debouncer selection is made in register RegMSCCntl2 bit DebFreqSel.
Figure 27. MSC Block Diagram
This signal used as reference in text description
PA[3] Term inal
Ck[14 Ck[10] 0 1
RegMSCCntl1,2 PA3 Debouncer
PosEdg NegEdg 1 0
PA3Internal
Start/Stop Control dT/MSC
EN
RunEn dT/MSC PA3/uP
DebFreqSel
PA3Edge
Data Bus
4
FlSecl
BCD 1/10 Sec
Data
BCD 1/100 Sec
Data
BCD 1/1000 Sec
Data
CK1000
1/10 Sec 1 Sec
0 1 IRQMSC
IntSel
Changing PA3Edge while RunEn=1 or PA3/up=1 may generate a MSC event (start or stop). This behavior is useful for the - CPU controlled start and PA3 controlled stop - mode, But in general one does all the setup before starting the counter.
9.1
PA[3] Input for MSC
In hardware Start/Stop mode the counter is triggered with the port A terminal PA[3] input. In this case PA[3] is debounced with the prescaler Ck[14] (or Ck[10]) clock. The triggering edge selection is made with bit PA3Edge in register RegMSCCntl2 (default negative edge). The PA[3] input for the millisecond counter is totally independent of the PA[3] interrupt edge selection and the PA[3] polarity selection for the 10 bit counter. However the pull-up or pull-down selection is common to all peripheries sharing the port A.
9.2
IRQ from MSC
An Interrupt request IRQMSC is send on either every 1/10 seconds or every second, depending on the bit IntSel in register RegMSCCntl2. For interrupt handling please refer to the interrupt control section.
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9.3 MSC-Modes
- CPU controlled start and stop. - CPU controlled start and PA[3] controlled stop. - Port A terminal PA[3] controlled start and stop mode. - Pulse width measurement of port A terminal PA[3] input signals. All these different modes are controlled with the bits in the registers RegMSCCntl1 and RegMSCCntl2. The main bits are : - dT/MSC ; Pulse-width or start stop measure. This bit only has a action if PA[3] input is chosen. If pulsewidth measure is selected, the counter starts with the first active edge on PA[3] and stops with the next inverse edge (sets RunEn = 0). If MSC measure selected, the counter starts with the first active PA[3] edge, stops on the next, restarts on the following etc. It does not reset RunEn. Direct port A terminal PA[3] or CPU (P) controlled start and stop function. If direct PA[3] controlled start stop mode is chosen the counter, once enabled by setting RunEn/Stop = 1, starts counting on the first active edge seen on PA[3]. It stops counting depending on the dT/MSC bit either on the next inverse edge or on the next active edge. If P is chosen, the counter starts and stops depending on bit RunEn/Stop. The millisecond counter can have many different modes of operation. The most common are :
- PA3/P ;
- RunEn/Stop; In CPU mode this bit starts or stops the counter. In PA3 mode it enables the counter which will start with the next event on port A terminal PA[3]. If dT and PA3 mode, the RunEn gets reset with the second active PA[3] edge. - PA3Edge ; This bit selects the active PA[3] edge which will trigger the dT/MSC selected measurement mode. It has no effect if PA3/P=0. Default 0 is negative edge.
9.4
Mode selection
Before using, the MSC counter needs to be reset by setting bit ResMSC to `1'. This bit is automatically reset thereafter. Then select the IRQ frequency and the counting mode. Now the RunEn can be set to `1' . To display the counter value during run you may only want to read the MSB (1/10 sec) digit ,driven by IRQ or with polling, and fully read the MSC value only once the counter is stopped. The counter data registers are read only. Any Reset (system reset, POR, watchdog) is setting the MSC into stop mode and clears the counter registers.
* CPU controlled Start and Stop
As soon as the CPU writes the start bit RunEn/Stop=1 the counter starts up counting until the CPU clears the start bit. The bit PA3/uP is `0' for this mode.
Figure 28. CPU controlled Start Stop
CPU write RunEn/Stop Start Counter Counting Stop
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* CPU controlled Start and PA[3] controlled Stop. In this mode setting the bit RunEn=1 while PA3/uP=0 while immediately start the counting action. Afterwards one needs to prepare for the stop by PA[3]. Therefore the PA[3] start condition must first be fulfilled. This is in dT mode a rising edge on the PA3internal signal (PA3internal, refer to Figure 27). In MSC mode the start condition is a positive pulse on PA3internal signal. The creation of this edge or pulse is done per software by manipulating the PA3Edge selection. See Figure 29 for details. Afterwards one can change to PA3 controlled stop mode (PA3/uP=1) where the next positive edge on PA3internal will stop the Counter. In dT mode the RunEn/stop bit will be cleared with the PA3 stop condition where as in MSC mode MSC mode the RunEn is not cleared.
134H 135H
Figure 29. CPU controlled Start PA[3] controlled Stop
d T / M S C = 1 , S t o p o n P A [ 3 ] R is in g E d g e C P U W r ite R u n E n /S to p P A 3 /u P P A [3 ] PA3Edge P A 3 In te rn a l C ount S ta rt P C o u n t in g S ta rt PA3 S to p Set I n it ia l V a lu e s d T / M S C = 1 , S t o p o n P A [ 3 ] F a llin g E d g e C P U W r ite R u n E n /S to p P A 3 /u P P A [3 ] PA3Edge P A 3 In te rn a l C ount S ta rt P C o u n t in g S ta rt PA3 S to p Set I n it ia l V a lu e s
d T / M S C = 0 , S t o p o n P A [ 3 ] R is in g E d g e C P U W r ite R u n E n /S to p P A 3 /u P P A [3 ] PA3Edge P A 3 In te rn a l C ount S ta rt P C o u n t in g S ta rt PA3 S to p Set I n it ia l V a lu e s
d T / M S C = 0 , S t o p o n P A [ 3 ] F a llin g E d g e C P U W r ite R u n E n /S to p P A 3 /u P P A [3 ] PA3Edge P A 3 In te rn a l C ount S ta rt P C o u n t in g S ta rt PA3 S to p Set I n it ia l V a lu e s
* Pulse-width measurement of PA[3] Input Signals. In this mode the bit dT/MSC=1 and PA3/uP=1. Setting RunEn/stop=1 enables the operation. The first positive edge on PA3Internal signal will start the counter, the following negative edge will stop the counter end set bit RunEn/Stop to 0 . PA3internal signal is a copy of the PA[3] terminal status if PA3Edge=1. with PA3Edge=0 PA3Internal has the inverted PA[3] value. See also Figure 27 and Figure 30.
136H 137H
Figure 30. dT/MSC behavior
dT/MSC, PA3/up=1 PA3 internal start Counter RunEn Counting stop Pulse-width Measurem ent
* Port A PA[3] controlled Start and Stop Mode. In this mode the bit dT/MSC=0 and PA3/uP=1. Setting RunEn/stop=1 enables the operation. The first positive edge on PA3Internal signal will start the counter , the second edge will stop the counter, the third one will restart, etc, . PA3internal signal is a copy of the PA[3] terminal status if PA3Edge=1. With PA3Edge=0 PA3Internal has the inverted PA[3] value. See also Figure 27 and Figure 30.
138H 139H
dT/MSC=0, PA3/up=1 PA3 internal start Counter RunEn
Period m easurem ent
stop
restart Counting
Counting
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9.5 Millisecond Counter Registers
Bit 3 2 1 0 Name RunEn/Stop PA3/P dT/MSC ResMSC Reset 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Enable counter Port A or CPU start stop control Pulse-width measurement Reset if write of 1 Read value is always 0
Table 9.5.1 Register RegMSCCntl1
Default: Stop, CPU controlled.
Table 9.5.2 Register RegMSCCntl2
Bit Name Reset R/W Description 3 DebFreqSel 0 R/W Debouncer frequency select 2 PA3Edge 0 R/W PA[3] edge selection 1 IntSel 0 R/W Interrupt source selection 0 FlSec 0 R Seconds flag Default: Ck[14] is debouncer clock, negative edge, 1/10 Sec Interrupt requests
Table 9.5.3 Register RegMSCDataL
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name BCD[3] BCD[2] BCD[1] BCD[0]
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W R R R R
Description 1/1000 Seconds BCD value 3 1/1000 Seconds BCD value 2 1/1000 Seconds BCD value 1 1/1000 Seconds BCD value 0
Table 9.5.4 Register RegMSCDataM
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name BCD[7] BCD[6] BCD[5] BCD[4]
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W R R R R
Description 1/100 Seconds BCD value 3 1/100 Seconds BCD value 2 1/100 Seconds BCD value 1 1/100 Seconds BCD value 0
Table 9.5.5 Register RegMSCDataH
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name BCD[11] BCD[10] BCD[9] BCD[8]
Reset 0 0 0 0
R/W R R R R
Description 1/10 Seconds BCD value 3 1/10 Seconds BCD value 2 1/10 Seconds BCD value 1 1/10 Seconds BCD value 0
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10 Interrupt Controller
The EM6522 has 12 different interrupt request sources, each of which is maskable. Five of them come from external sources and seven from internal sources.
External(4) Internal(8) - Port A, - Serial Interface - Prescaler - Melody timer - Serial Interface - Millisecond-Counter - 10-bit Counter PA[3] .. PA[0] inputs Ck[1], Blink, 32Hz/8Hz 1/10Sec or 1Sec Count0, CountComp
To be able to send an interrupt to the CPU, at least one of the interrupt request flags must `1' (IRQxx) and the general interrupt enable bit IntEn located in the register RegSysCntl1 must be set to 1. The interrupt request flags can only be set high by a positive edge on the IRQxx data flip-flop while the corresponding mask register bit (MaskIRQxx) is set to 1.
Figure 31. Interrupt Controller Block Diagram
One of these Blocks for each IRQ
DB DB[n] Write IRQ to P
12 Input-OR
Mask
Interrupt Request Capture Register
General INT En
Write
IRQxx
Read ClrIntBit Reset
At power on or after any reset all interrupt request mask registers are cleared and therefore do not allow any interrupt request to be stored. Also the general interrupt enable IntEn is set to 0 (No IRQ to CPU) by reset. After each read operation on the interrupt request registers RegIRQ1, RegIRQ2 or RegIRQ3 the contents of the addressed register are reset. Therefore one has to make a copy of the interrupt request register if there was more than one interrupt to treat. Each interrupt request flag may also be reset individually by writing 1 into it . Interrupt handling priority must be resolved through software by deciding which register and which flag inside the register need to be serviced first. Since the CPU has only one interrupt subroutine and the IRQxx registers are cleared after reading, the CPU does not miss any interrupt request which comes during the interrupt service routine. If any occurs during this time a new interrupt will be generated as soon as the software comes out of the current interrupt subroutine.
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Any interrupt request sent by a periphery cell while the corresponding mask is not set will not be stored in the interrupt request register. All interrupt requests are stored in their IRQxx registers depending only on their mask setting and not on the general interrupt enable status. Whenever the EM6522 goes into halt mode the IntEn bit is automatically set to 1, thus allowing to resume from halt mode with an interrupt.
10.1 Interrupt Control Registers
Table 10.1.6 Register RegIRQ1
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 IRQPA[3] 0 R* 2 IRQPA[2] 0 R* 1 IRQPA[1] 0 R* 0 IRQPA[0] 0 R* *; Writing of 1 clears the corresponding bit.
Table 10.1.7 Register RegIRQ2
Description Port A PA[3] interrupt request Port A PA[2] interrupt request Port A PA[1] interrupt request Port A PA[0] interrupt request
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 IRQHz1 0 R* 2 IRQHz32/8 0 R* 1 IRQBlink 0 R* 0 IRQBz 0 R* *; Writing of 1 clears the corresponding bit.
Table 10.1.8 Register RegIRQ3
Description Prescaler interrupt request Prescaler interrupt request Prescaler interrupt request Melody timer interrupt request
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 IRQSerial 0 R* 2 IRQMSC 0 R* 1 IRQCount0 0 R* 0 IRQCntComp 0 R* *; Writing of 1 clears the corresponding bit.
Table 10.1.9 Register RegIRQMask1
Description Serial interrupt request Millisecond counter int. request Counter interrupt request Counter interrupt request
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name Reset MaskIRQPA[3] 0 MaskIRQPA[2] 0 MaskIRQPA[1] 0 MaskIRQPA[0] 0 Interrupt is not stored if the mask bit is 0. Name Reset MaskIRQHz1 0 MaskIRQHz32/8 0 MaskIRQBlink 0 MaskIRQBz 0 Interrupt is not stored if the mask bit is 0. Name Reset MaskIRQSerial 0 MaskIRQMSC 0 MaskIRQCount0 0 MaskIRQCntComp 0 Interrupt is not stored if the mask bit is 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Port A PA[3] interrupt mask Port A PA[2] interrupt mask Port A PA[1] interrupt mask Port A PA[0] interrupt mask
Table 10.1.10 Register RegIRQMask2
Bit 3 2 1 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Prescaler interrupt mask Prescaler interrupt mask Prescaler interrupt mask Melody timer interrupt mask
Table 10.1.11 Register RegIRQMask3
Bit 3 2 1 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Serial interrupt mask Millisecond counter int. mask Counter interrupt mask Counter interrupt mask
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11 Supply Voltage Level Detector
The EM6522 has a built-in Supply Voltage Level Detector (SVLD) circuitry, such that the CPU can compare the supply voltage against a pre-selected value. During sleep mode this function is inhibited. The CPU activates the supply voltage level detector by writing VldStart = 1 in the register Figure 32. SVLD Timing Diagram RegVldCntl. The actual measurement starts on SVLD > VBAT SVLD < VBAT the next Ck[9] rising edge and lasts during the VBAT =VDD Ck[9] high period (2 ms at 32 KHz). The busy Compare Level flag VldBusy stays high from VldStart set until the measurement is finished. The worst case Ck[9] (256 Hz) time until the result is available is 1.5 Ck[9] CPU starts CPU starts prescaler clock periods (32 KHz -> 6 ms). The measure measure detection level must be defined in register Busy Flag RegVldLevel before the VldStart bit is set. During the actual measurement (2 ms) the Measure device will draw an additional 5 A of IVDD 0 1 current. After the end of the measure the result Result is available by inspection of the bit VldResult. Read Result If the result is read 0, then the power supply voltage was greater than the detection level value. If read 1, the power supply voltage was lower than the detection level value. During each read while Busy=1 the VldResult is not guaranteed.For compatibility reasons the SVLD levels available on the EM6522 are kept the same as the levels used on the EM6622. This means that all levels which may be lower2.0V could not be reached anymore because they are below VDD min.
11.1 SVLD Register
Table 11.1.1 Register RegVldCntl
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 VldResult 0 R* 2 VldStart 0 W 2 VldBusy 0 R 1 NoOscWD 0 R/W 0 NoLogicWD 0 R/W R*; Read value while VLDBusy=1 is not guaranteed. Table 11.1.2 Register RegVldLevel (Detection Level Value) Bit 3 2 1 0 Name -VldLevel2 VldLevel1 VldLevel0 Reset x 0 0 0 R/W -R/W R/W R/W
Description Vld result flag Vld start Vld busy flag No Oscillator watchdog No logic watchdog
Description not active Vld level selection Vld level selection Vld level selection
Table 11.1.3 Voltage Level Detector Value Selecting
VldLevel2 VldLevel1 VldLevel0 Typical voltage level Level1 0 0 0 4.00 Level2 0 0 1 2.95 Level3 0 1 0 2.35 Level4 0 1 1 1.95*1 Level5 1 0 0 1.70**2 Level6 1 0 1 1.45**2 Level7 1 1 0 1.30**2 Level8 1 1 1 1,20**2 *1 level which may not be reached anymore because it can be lower than VDD min. **2 levels which are too far below VDD min to be reached. (Are here for software compatibility with EM6622).
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EM6522
12 Strobe Output
The Strobe output is used to indicate either the EM6522 reset condition, a write operation on port B (WritePB) or the sleep mode. The selection is done in register RegLcdCntl1. Per default, the reset condition is output on the Strobe terminal. For a port B write operation the strobe signal goes high for half a system clock period. Data can be latched on the falling edge of the strobe signal. This function is used to indicate when data on port B output terminals is changing. The reset signal on the Strobe output is a copy of the internal CPU reset signal. The Strobe pin remains active high as long as the CPU gets the reset. Both the reset condition and the port B write operation can be output simultaneously on the Strobe pin. The strobe output select latches are reset by initial power on reset only.
Figure 33 . Strobe Output
Reset
0 1 2 3 0 1
Table 11.1.1. Strobe Output Selection
StrobeOutSel1 0 0 1 1 StrobeOutSel0 0 1 0 1 Strobe Terminal Output System Reset System Reset and WritePB WritePB Sleep
Reset, WritePB WritePB Sleep
Terminal Strobe
StrobeOutSel0 StrobeOutSel1
12.1 Strobe Register
Table 12.1.1 Register RegLCDCntl1
Bit 3 2 1 0
Name StrobeOutSel1 StrobeOutSel0 CkTripSel1 CkTripSel0
power on value 0 0 0 0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description Strobe output select Strobe output select LCD multiplier clock select LCD multiplier clock select
The CKTripSel1, CKTripSel0 values are reset with every system reset.
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13 RAM
The EM6522 has two 64x4 bit RAM's built-in. The main RAM (RAM1) is direct addressable on addresses decimal (0 to 63). A second RAM (RAM2) is indirect addressable on addresses 64,65, 66 and 67 together with the index from RegIndexAdr.
Figure 34. Ram Architecture
64 x 4 direct addressable RAM1
RAM1_63 RAM1_62 RAM1_61 RAM1_60
64 x 4 indexed addressable RAM2
RAM2_3
RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E] ... RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E] ... RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E] ... RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E] ... RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W ... 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W ... 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W ... 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W ... 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
RAM2_2
. . .
. . .
RAM2_1
RAM1_3 RAM1_2 RAM1_1 RAM1_0
4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
RAM2_0
The RAM2 addressing is indirect using the RegIndexAdr value as an offset to the directly addressed base RAM2_0, RAM2_1 , RAM2_2 or RAM2_3 registers. To write or read the RAM2 the user has first to set the offset value in the RegIndexAdr register. The actual access then is made on the RAM2 base addresses RAM2_0 , RAM2_1, RAM2_2 or RAM2_3. Refer to Figure 34. Ram Architecture, for the address mapping.
140H
i.e. Writing hex(5) to Ram2 add location 30: First write hex(E) to RegIndexAdr, then write hex(5) to RAM2_1
RAM Extension : Unused R/W Registers can often be used as possible RAM extension. Be careful not to use register which start, stop, or reset some functions. Unused LCD register latches can also be used as RAM memory. In case of 3 times multiplex and using all the 32 Segment outputs you may have five additional 4 bit registers.. Also for each unused Segment output you may have one additional 4 bit register.
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14 LCD Driver
The EM6522 has a built-in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) driver. A maximum of 128 Segments can be displayed using the 32 Segment driver outputs (SEG[32:1) in 4:1 multiplex ,96 Segments in the case of 3:1 multiplex, and the 4 back-planes (COM[4:1]). The LCD driver has its own voltage regulator (1.05 Volt) and voltage multiplier to generate the driver bias voltages VL1, VL2 and VL3 (VLCD). Using the metal1 mask the user can choose higher LCD reference voltages. Please check with EM Marin the possible values and their impact on power consumption. The special architecture of this LCD driver allows the user to freely specify the data and address for each individual Segment using the interconnect metal2 mask (ROM version only) . It therefore adapts to every possible LCD display with a maximum of 128 independent segments. The LCD clock frequency is 256Hz. Thus the frame frequency is 256/8 Hz if 4:1 multiplex, or 256/6 if 3:1 multiplex.
Figure 35. LCD Architecture
VL3
x3 LCD Off Enable RefLCD Voltage Multiplier x1
x2
VL2
LCD External Supply
VL1
LCD Blank
1 2
Phase 1 to 4
Von
Voff SEG[n]
MUX 3 4
Address Bus
Data Bus
Data Latches
Phase Selection
Output Switches
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14.1 LCD Control
The LCD driver has two control registers RegLCDCntl1, RegLCDCntl2 to optimize for display contrast, power consumption, operation mode and bias voltage source.
LCDExtSupply: Choosing external supply (LCDExtSupply =`1') disables the internal LCD voltage regulator and voltage multiplier, it also puts the bias voltage terminals VL1, VL2 and VL3 into high impedance state. External bias levels can now be connected to VL1, VL2 and VL3 terminals. (Resistor divider chain or others).
Another way to adapt the VL1, VL2 and VL3 levels to specific user needs is to overdrive the VL1 output (LCDExtSupply =0) with the desired value. The internal multiplier will multiply this new VL1 level to generate the corresponding levels VL2 and VL3. The bit LCDExtSupply is only reset by initial POR.
LCD4Mux: With this switch one selects either 3:1 or 4:1 (default) times multiplexing of the 32 Segment driver outputs. In the case of 3:1 multiplexing the COM[4] is off. LCDOff: Disables the LCD. The voltage multiplier and regulator are switched off ( 0 current ).The Segment latch information is maintained. The VL1,VL2 and VL3 outputs are pulled to VSS. LCDBlank: All Segment outputs are turned off. The voltage multiplier and regulator remain switched on. LCDBlank can be used with the 1Hz and Blink interrupt to let the whole display blink (software controlled). CkTripSel1,0: Selecting the appropriate voltage multiplier frequency to optimize display contrast and power consumption. The value to use is also depending on the selected multiplier booster capacitors (typically 100nF).
14.2 LCD Addressing
The LCD driver addressing is indirect using the RegIndexAdr value as an offset to the directly addressed base LCD_1, LCD_2 or LCD_3 registers. All LCD Segment registers are R/W. At address LCD_3 only the first 8 Index locations are usable. The Index locations hex(8 to F) are non implemented. A total of 40 addresses are available to the user to freely define the addressing of the LCD Segment latches. For each of these latches the user may choose the address and data to be connected. See also section 14.3. However only 32x4 LCD Segment latches are implemented. The unused address locations are empty and can not be used as RAM.
14H
Figure 36. LCD Address Mapping
40 x 4 Indexed Addressable LCD Latches but Maximum 32x4 Bits are R/W
RegIndexAdr[8] RegIndexAdr[7] 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
LCD_3
...
RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E]
...
4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
LCD_2
...
...
RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0] RegIndexAdr[F] RegIndexAdr[E]
4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
LCD_1
...
RegIndexAdr[1] RegIndexAdr[0]
...
4 bit R/W 4 bit R/W
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14.3 Free Segment Allocation
Each Segment (SEG[32:1]) terminal outputs the time multiplexed information from its 4 Segment data latches. Information stored in latch 1 is output during phase1, latch 2 during phase 2, latch 3 during phase 3 and latch 4 during phase 4. In the case of 3 to 1 multiplexing the phase 4 and the latch 4 are not used. This phase information on the segment outputs together with the common outputs (COM[4:1]) - also called back-planes defines if a given LCD segment is light or not. COM[1] is on during phase 1 and off during phase 2,3,4 , COM[2] is on during phase 2 and off during phase 1,3,4 , etc. For each segment data latch the address location within the LCD address spacing (LCD_3 + Index(8), LCD_2 + Index(16), LCD_1 + Index(16) --> LCDAdr[39:0]) can be user defined. For each segment data latch the data bus connection (DB[3:0]) can be user defined.
Table 14.3.1 Default LCD Configuration used on EM6522
Segment outputs SEG[1] SEG[2] SEG[3] ... SEG[30] SEG[31] SEG[32]
COM[1] = phase1 DB[0], LCDAdr[0] DB[0], LCDAdr[1] DB[0], LCDAdr[2] ... DB[0], LCDAdr[30] DB[0], LCDAdr[31] DB[0], LCDAdr[32]
COM[2] = phase2 DB[1], LCDAdr[0] DB[1], LCDAdr[1] DB[1], LCDAdr[2] ... DB[1], LCDAdr[30] DB[1], LCDAdr[31] DB[1], LCDAdr[32]
COM[3] = phase3 DB[2], LCDAdr[0] DB[2], LCDAdr[1] DB[2], LCDAdr[2] ... DB[2], LCDAdr[30] DB[2], LCDAdr[31] DB[2], LCDAdr[32]
COM[4] = phase4 DB[3], LCDAdr[0] DB[3], LCDAdr[1] DB[3], LCDAdr[2] ... DB[3], LCDAdr[30] DB[3], LCDAdr[31] DB[3], LCDAdr[32]
14.4 LCD Registers
Table 14.4.1 Register RegLcdCntl1
Bit Name Reset R/W 3 StrobeOutSel1 POR to `0' R/W 2 StrobeOutSel0 POR to `0' R/W 1 CkTripSel1 0 R/W 0 CkTripSel0 0 R/W StrobeOutSel1,0 is reset by initial power on only.
Table 14.4.2 Multiplier Clock Frequency Select
Description Strobe output select Strobe output select LCD multiplier clock select LCD multiplier clock select
CkTripSel0 0 1 0 1
CkTripSel1 0 0 1 1
Multiplier Clock Ck[10] Ck[9] Ck[8] Ck[7]
on 32 KHz operation 512 Hz 256 Hz 128 Hz 64 Hz
Table 14.4.3 Register LcdCntl2
Bit Name Reset 3 LCDBlank 1 2 LCDOff 1 1 LCD4Mux 1 POR to `0' 0 LCDExtSupply LCDExtSupply is reset to `0' by POR only.
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Description LCD Segment outputs off LCD off (multiplier off) 4 : 1 multiplexed External supply for VL1, VL2 and VL3
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EM6522
Figure 37 LCD Multiplexing Waveform
CkLcd Frame SEG[1] SEG[2] SEG[3] SEG[4] SEG[5] COM1 COM2 COM1
VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM3 COM4
COM2
VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM1 VL3 VL2 SEG[1]
VL1 VSS value = hex 0
-VL1 -VL2 -VL3
COM3
VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM4
VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM1 VL3 VL2 SEG[2]
VL1 VSS value = hex 1
-VL1 -VL2 -VL3
SEG[1] VL3
value = hex 0 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM2 VL3 VL2 SEG[3]
VL1 VSS
-VL1 -VL2 -VL3
SEG[2] VL3
value = hex 1 VL2 VL1 VSS
value = hex 2
SEG[3] VL3
value = hex 2 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM3 VL3 VL2 SEG[4]
VL1 VSS
value = hex 4 -VL1 -VL2 -VL3
SEG[4] VL3
value = hex 4 VL2 VL1 VSS
COM4 VL3 VL2 SEG[5]
VL1 VSS
value = hex 8 -VL1 -VL2 -VL3
SEG[5] VL3
value = hex 8 VL2 VL1 VSS
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EM6522
15 Peripheral Memory Map
Reset values are valid after power up or after every system reset.
Register Name Add Hex Add Dec. Reset Value b'3210 Read Bits Write Bits Remarks Read / Write Bits 0: Data0 1: Data1 2: Data2 3: Data3 Normal addressable Ram 64x4 bit ... 0: Data0 1: Data1 2: Data2 3: Data3 0: Data0 1: Data1 2: Data2 3: Data3 Normal addressable Ram 64x4 bit 16 nibbles addressable over index register on add 'H70
Ram1_0
00
0
xxxx
... Ram1_63
... 3F
... 63
... xxxx
Ram2_0
40
64
xxxx
... Ram2_3
... 43
... 67
... xxxx 0: Data0 1: Data1 2: Data2 3: Data3 16 nibbles addressable over index register on add 'H70
LCD_1 LCD_2 LCD_3
44 45 46
68 69 70
xxxx xxxx xxxx
Connections are user definable. See LCD section Connections are user definable. See LCD section Connections are user definable. See LCD section
16 nibbles addressable over index register on add 'H70 16 nibbles addressable over index register on add 'H70 The 8 lower nibbles are addressable over the index register on add 'H70. The 8 higher Nibbles are not used and not implemented
--... ---
47 ... 4F
71 ... 79
Reserved, not implemented ... Reserved, not implemented
RegPA
50
80
xxxx
0: PAData[0] 1: PAData[1] 2: PAData[2] 3: PAData[3] 0: PBIOCntl[0] 1: PBIOCntl[1] 2: PBIOCntl[2] 3: PBIOCntl[3]
----
Read port A directly
RegPBCntl
51
81
0000
Port B control Default: input mode
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Register Name Add Hex Add Dec. Reset Value b'3210 0000 Read Bits 0: PB[0] 1: PB[1] 2: PB[2] 3: PB[3] Write Bits Remarks Read / Write Bits 0: PBData[0] 1: PBData[1] 2: PBData[2] 3: PBData[3] 0: MSBnLSB 1: POSnNeg 2: MS0 3: MS1 0: OM[0] 1: OM[1] 2: Status 3: Start 0: SerDataL[0] 1: SerDataL[1] 2: SerDataL[2] 3: SerDataL[3] 0: SerDataH[0] 1: SerDataH[1] 2: SerDataH[2] 3: SerDataH[3] 0: PSP[0] 0: SerPData[0] 1: PSP[1] 1: SerPData[1] 2: PSP[2] 2: SerPData[2] 3: PSP[3] 3: SerPData[3] 0: MelFSel[0] 1: MelFSel[1] 2: MelFSel[2] 3: BzOutEn 0:FTimSel0 0:FTimSel0 1:FTimSel1 1:FTimSel1 2:Auto 2:Auto 3:FlBuzzer 3:SwBuzzer 0: 0: Per[0] 1: 1: Per[1] 2: 2: Per[2] 3: 3: Per[3] 0: CountFSel0 1: CountFSel1 2: CountFSel2 3: UP/Down 0: '0' 0 : Load 1: EnComp 1: EnComp 2: EvCount 2: EvCount 3: Start 3: Start 0: Count[0] 0: CReg[0] 1: Count[1] 1: CReg[1] 2: Count[2] 2: CReg[2] 3: Count[3] 3: CReg[3] 0: Count[4] 0: CReg[4] 1: Count[5] 1: CReg[5] 2: Count[6] 2: CReg[6] 3: Count[7] 3: CReg[7] 0: Count[8] 0: CReg[8] 1: Count[9] 1: CReg[9] 2: BitSel[0] 2: BitSel[0] 3: BitSel[1] 3: BitSel[1]
RegPBData
52
82
Port B data output Pin port B read Default : 0 Serial interface control 1 Serial interface control 2 Serial interface low data nibble Serial interface high data nibble Serial interface parallel data out Melody frequency select and output enable control
RegSCntl1
53
83
0000
RegSCntl2
54
84
0000
RegSDataL
55
85
0000
RegSDataH
56
86
0000
RegSPData
57
87
0000
RegMelFSel
58
88
0000
RegMelTim
59
89
0000
Melody timer control
RegMelPeri
5A
90
0000
Melody timer period
RegCCntl1
5B
91
0000
10-bit counter control 1; frequency and up/down 10-bit counter control 2; comparison, event counter and start
RegCCntl2
5C
92
0000
RegCDataL
5D
93
0000
10-bit counter data low nibble 10-bit counter data middle nibble 10 bit counter data high bits
RegCDataM
5E
94
0000
RegCDataH
5F
95
0000
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Register Name Add Hex Add Dec. Read / Write Bits 0: '0' 0: ResMSC 1: dT/MSC 1: dT/MSC 0000 2: PA3/P 2: PA3/P 3:RunEn/Stop 3:RunEn/Stop 0: FlSec 0: -1: IntSel 1: IntSel 0000 2: PA3Edge 2: PA3Edge 3: DebFreqSel 3: DebFreqSel 0: BCD[0] 0: 1: BCD[1] 1: 0000 2: BCD[2] 2: 3: BCD[3] 3: 0: BCD[4] 0: 1: BCD[5] 1: 0000 2: BCD[6] 2: 3: BCD[7] 3: 0: BCD[8] 0: 1: BCD[9] 1: 0000 2: BCD[10] 2: 3: BCD[11] 3: 0: MaskIRQPA[0] 1: MaskIRQPA[1] 0000 2: MaskIRQPA[2] 3: MaskIRQPA[3] 0: MaskIRQBz 1: MaskIRQBlink 0000 2: MaskIRQHz32/8 3: MaskIRQHz1 0: MaskIRQCntComp 0000 1: MaskIRQCount0 2: MaskIRQMSC 3: MaskIRQSerial 0: IRQPA[0] 0:RIRQPA[0] 1: IRQPA[1] 1:RIRQPA[1] 0000 2: IRQPA[2] 2:RIRQPA[2] 3:IRQPA[3] 3:RIRQPA[3] 0: IRQBz 0:RIRQBz 1: IRQBlink 1:RIRQBlink 0000 2: IRQHz32/8 2:RIRQHz32/8 3: IRQHz1 3:RIRQHz1 0:IRQCntComp 0:RIRQCntComp 1: IRQCount0 1:RIRQCount0 0000 2: IRQMSC 2:RIRQMSC 3: IRQSerial 3:RIRQSerial 0: ChTmDis 0: ChTmDis 0000 1: SelIntFull 1: SelIntFull 2: Sleep 2: '0' 3: IntEn 3: IntEn 0: WDVal0 0: -0p00 1: WDVal1 1: -2: SleepEn 2: SleepEn p = POR 3: '0' 3: WDReset Reset Value b'3210 Read Bits Write Bits Remarks millisecond counter control register 1; reset, delta time, control source Millisecond counter control register 2; 1 sec flag, Interrupt and PA3 edge select Millisecond counter; binary coded decimal value, low nibble Millisecond counter; binary coded decimal value, middle nibble Millisecond counter; binary coded decimal value, high nibble Port A interrupt mask; masking active 0 Buzzer and prescaler interrupt mask; masking active low 10-bit counter, millisecond counter, serial interrupt mask masking active low
RegMSCCntl1
60
96
RegMSCCntl2
61
97
RegMSCDataL
62
98
RegMSCDataM
63
99
RegMSCDataH
64
100
RegIRQMask1
65
101
RegIRQMask2
66
102
RegIRQMask3
67
103
RegIRQ1
68
104
Read: port A interrupt Write: Reset IRQ if data bit = 1. Read: buzzer and prescaler IRQ ; Write: Reset IRQ id data bit = 1 Read: 10-bit counter, millisecond counter, serial interrupt Write: Reset IRQ if data bit =1. System control 1 ChTmDis only usable only for EM test modes with Test=1 System control 2; watchdog value and periodical reset, enable sleep mode
REgIRQ2
69
105
RegIRQ3
6A
106
RegSysCntl1
6B
107
RegSysCntl2
6C
108
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Register Name Add Hex Add Dec. Reset Value b'3210 0000 Read Bits 0: DebSel 1: PrIntSel 2: '0' 3: PWMOn Write Bits Remarks Prescaler control; debouncer and prescaler interrupt select Internal P index register low nibble; for P indexed addressing Internal P index register high nibble; for P indexed addressing Indexed addressing register for 4x16 nibble RAM2 and 3x16 + 8 nibble LCD LCD control 0; multiplier clock and strobe output select Read / Write Bits 0: DebSel 1: PrIntSel 2: ResPresc 3: PWMOn 0: IXLow[0] 1: IXLow[1] 2: IXLow[2] 3: IXLow[3] 0: IXHigh[4] 0: IXHigh[4] 1: IXHigh[5] 1: IXHigh[5] 2: IXHigh[6] 2: IXHigh[6] 3: '0' 3: -0: IndexAdr[0] 1: IndexAdr[1] 2: IndexAdr[2] 3: IndexAdr[3] 0: CkTripSel0 1: CkTripSel1 2: StrobeOutSel0 3: StrobeOutSel1 0: LCDExtSupply 1: Lcd4xMux 2: LCDOff 3: LCDBlank 0: NoLogicWD 0: NoLogicWD 1: NoOscWD 1: NoOscWD 2: VldBusy 2: VldStart 3: VldResult 3: -0: VldLevel0 1: VldLevel1 2: VldLevel2 3: --
RegPresc
6D
109
IXLow
6E
110
xxxx
IXHigh
6F
111
xxxx
RegIndexAdr
70
112
0000
RegLCDCntl1
71
113
PP00
RegLCDCntl2
72
114
111P
LCD control 1; main selects Voltage level detector control Voltage level detector; detection level selection
RegVldCntl
73
115
0000
RegVldLevel
74
116
x000
P = defined by POR (power on reset)
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16 Option Register Memory Map
The values of the option registers are set by initial reset on power up and through write operations only. Other resets ; as reset from watchdog, reset from input port A, reset from pin RESET, etc. do not change the options register value. Register Name OPTDebIntPA OPT[3:0] OPTIntEdgPA OPT[7:4] OPTNoPullPA OPT[11:8] OPTNoPdPB OPT[15:12] OPTNchOpDPB OPT[19:16] OPTNchOpDPS OPT[23:20] OPTFSelPB OPT[31:28] OPTInpRSel1 7C 124 0000 7B 123 0000 7A 122 0000 79 121 0000 78 120 0000 77 119 0000 76 118 0000 Add Hex Add Dec. Reset Value b'3210 0000
Read Bits
Write Bits
Remarks Debouncer on port A for interrupt gen. Default: debouncer on Interrupt edge select on port A. Default: pos. edge Pull-down selection on port A Default: pull-down Pull-down selection on port B Default: pull-down Nch. open drain output on port B Default: CMOS output Nch. open drain output on port serial Default: CMOS output Frequency output on port B, reset from sleep mode with port A Reset through port A inputs selection. Refer to reset part Reset through port A inputs selection. Refer to reset part No Pull-down on port SP Default: pull-down
75
117
OPTInpRSel2 OPTNoPdPS OPT[35:32]
RegTestEM
7D
125
0000
7E
126
0000
Read / Write Bits 0: NoDebIntPA[0] 1: NoDebIntPA[1] 2: NoDebIntPA[2] 3: NoDebIntPA[3] 0: IntEdgPA[0] 1: IntEdgPA[1] 2: IntEdgPA[2] 3: IntEdgPA[3] 0: NoPullPA[0] 1: NoPullPA[1] 2: NoPullPA[2] 3: NoPullPA[3] 0: NoPdPB[0] 1: NoPdPB[1] 2: NoPdPB[2] 3: NoPdPB[3] 0: NchOpDPB[0] 1: NchOpDPB[1] 2: NchOpDPB[2] 3: NchOpDPB[3] 0: NchOpDPS[0] 1: NchOpDPS[1] 2: NchOpDPS[2] 3: NchOpDPS[3] 0: PB1HzOut 1: PB1kHzOut 2: PB32kHzOut 3: InpResSleep 0: InpRes1PA[0] 1: InpRes1PA[1] 2: InpRes1PA[2] 3: InpRes1PA[3] 0: InpRes2PA[0] 1: InpRes2PA[1] 2: InpRes2PA[2] 3: InpRes2PA[3] 0: NoPdPS[0] 1: NoPdPS[1] 2: NoPdPS[2] 3: NoPdPS[3]
-------
7F
127
----
for EM test only;
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EM6522
17 Active Supply Current Test
For this purpose, five instructions at the end of the ROM will be added.
Testloop:
STI LDR NXORX JPZ JMP
00H, 0AH 1BH Testloop 00H
To stay in the testloop, these values must be written in the corresponding addresses before jumping in the loop: 1BH: 32H: 6EH: 6FH: 0101b 1010b 0010b 0011b
Free space after last instruction: JMP 00H (0000)
Remark: empty space within the program are filled with NOP (FOFF).
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18 Mask Options
Most options which in many Controllers are realized as metal mask options are directly user selectable with the option registers, therefore allowing a maximum freedom of choice .See chapter: Option Register Memory Map. The following options can be selected at the time of programming the metal mask ROM, except the LCD Segment allocation which is defined using the interconnect metal2 mask. The EM6522 is delivered with the default metal mask settings. If you need other mask settings please contact EM Microelectronic Marin SA
142H
18.1 Input / Output Ports 18.1.1 Port A Metal Options
(For ROM Version) Pull-up or no pull-up can be selected for each port A input. A pull-up selection is excluding a pull-down on the same input. Pull-down (default) or no pull-down can be selected for each port A input. A pull-down selection is excluding a pull-up on the same input. The total pull value (pull-up or pulldown) is a series resistance out of the resistance R1 and the switching transistor. The default resistor R1 value is 100 KOhm.
Figure 38. Port A Pull Options
Input Circuitry
Pull-up Control
VBAT
PA[n] Terminal
OR
MPAPUstrong[n] Strong Pull-up
Resistor R1 100 KOhm
No Pull-up No Pull-down MPAPDstrong[n] Strong Pull-down
Pull-down Control
Option Name
Strong Pulldown
R1 Value Typ.100 k
No Pulldown
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : Strong pull-down with R1=100 KOhm
MPAPD[3] MPAPD[2] MPAPD[1] MPAPD[0]
PA3 input pull-down PA2 input pull-down PA1 input pull-down PA0 input pull-down
1 x x x x
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
4
Option Name
MPAPU[3] MPAPU[2] MPAPU[1] MPAPU[0]
Strong Pull-up
R1 Value typ.100k
No Pull-up
1
PA3 input pull-up PA2 input pull-up PA1 input pull-up PA0 input pull-up
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
4 x x x x
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : No pull-up
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18.1.2 Port B Metal Options
(For ROM Version) Pull-up or no pull-up can be selected for each port B input. The pull-up is only active in Nch. open drain mode. Pull-down or no pull-down can be selected for each port B input. The total pull value (pull-up or pulldown) is a series resistance out of the resistance R1 and the switching transistor. The default resistor R1 value is 100 KOhm.
Figure 39. Port B Pull Options
Input Circuitry
Pull-up Control
VBAT
PB[n] Terminal
OR
MPBPUstrong[n] Strong Pull-up
Resistor R1 100 KOhm
No Pull-up No Pull-down MPBPDstrong[n] Strong Pull-down
Pull-down Control
Option Name
MPBPD[3] MPBPD[2] MPBPD[1] MPBPD[0]
Strong Pulldown
R1 Value Typ.100k
No Pulldown
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : Strong pull-down with R1=100 KOhm
PB3 input pull-down PB2 input pull-down PB1 input pull-down PB0 input pull-down
1 x x x x
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
4
Option Name
MPBPU[3] MPBPU[2] MPBPU[1] MPBPU[0]
Strong Pull-up
R1 value Typ. 100k
NO Pull-up
PB3 input pull-up PB2 input pull-up PB1 input pull-up PB0 input pull-up
1 x x x x
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
4
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : Strong pull-up with R1=100 KOhm
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18.1.3 Port SP Metal Options
(For ROM Version) Pull-up or no pull-up can be selected for each port SP input. The pull-up is only active in Nch. open drain mode. Pull-down or no pull-down can be selected for each port SP input. The total pull value (pull-up or pulldown) is a series resistance out of the resistance R1 and the switching transistor. The default resistor R1 value is 100 KOhm.
Figure 40. Port SP Pull Options
Input Circuitry
Pull-up Control
VBAT
PSP[n] Terminal
OR
MPSPUstrong[n] Strong Pull-up
Resistor R1 100 KOhm
No Pull-up No Pull-down MPSPDstrong[n] Strong Pull-down
Pull-down Control
Option Name
MPSPD[3] MPSPD[2] MPSPD[1] MPSPD[0]
Strong Pulldown
R1 Value Typ.100k
No Pulldown
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : Strong pull-down with R1=100 KOhm
PB3 input pull-down PB2 input pull-down PB1 input pull-down PB0 input pull-down
1 x x x x
Strong Pull-up
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
R1 value Typ. 100k
4
Option Name
MPSPU[3] MPSPU[2] MPBPU[1] MPSPU[0]
NO Pull-up
PB3 input pull-up PB2 input pull-up PB1 input pull-up PB0 input pull-up
1 x x x x
3 100k 100k 100k 100k
4
To select an option put an X in column 1,2 and 4 and reconfirm the R1 value in column 3.
The default value is : Strong pull-up with R1=100 KOhm
18.1.4 Voltage Regulator Option
Option name
MVreg
Voltage Regulator
Default value A YES
user value
B
(For ROM Version) By default the internal voltage regulator supplies the core logic the RAM and the ROM. With option MVreg(B) the regulator is cut and Vbat is supplying the core logic the ROM and the RAM.
18.1.5 Debouncer Frequency Option
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Option Name
MDeb
Debouncer freq.
Default Value A Ck[11]
User Value
B
(ROM version only) By default the debouncer frequency is Ck[11]. The user may choose Ck[14] instead of Ck[11]. Ck[14 ]corresponds to maximum 0.25ms debouncer time in case of a 32kHz oscillator.
18.1.6 User defined LCD Segment Allocation
(For ROM version only) If using a different Segment allocation from the one described in chapter 14.3 , one needs to fill in following table. The Segment allocation connection are realized with the interconnect Metal2 mask.
143H
4 times MUX 3 times MUX SEG[1] SEG[2] SEG[3] SEG[4] SEG[5] SEG[6] SEG[7] SEG[8] SEG[9] SEG[10] SEG[11] SEG[12] SEG[13] SEG[14] SEG[15] SEG[16] SEG[17] SEG[18] SEG[19] SEG[20] SEG[21] SEG[22] SEG[23] SEG[24] SEG[25] SEG[26] SEG[27] SEG[28] SEG[29] SEG[30] SEG[31] SEG[32]
COM[1] COM[1]
COM[2] COM[2]
COM[3] COM[3]
COM[4] --
The customer should specify the required options at the time of ordering. A copy of the pages 57 to 60, as well as the Software ROM characteristic file generated by the assembler (*.STA) should be attached to the order.
14H 145H
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19 Measured Electrical Behaviors 19.1 IDD Current
I(V DD) CP U in A CTIV E m ode, V DD= 3.0V [uA ] 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 [uA ] 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 I(V DD) CP U in A CTIV E m ode, V DD= 5.0V
I(V DD) LCD Off, Halt M ode, V DD = 3.0V [uA ] 2100 2000 1900 1800 1700 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 [uA ] 2200 2100 2000 1900 1800
I(V DD) LCD Off, Halt M ode, V DD = 5.0V
-20
0
20
40
60
[C] 80
I(V DD) S leep m ode, V DD = 3.0V [nA ] 125 100 75 50 25 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 [nA ] 125 100 75 50 25 -20
I(V DD) S leep m ode, V DD = 5.0V
0
20
40
60
[C] 80
19.2 Regulator Voltage
V reg V DD= 3.0V [V ] 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 [V ] 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 V DD 4 V reg Tem p = 25C
V reg Load Dependenc y [V ] 2.3 2 1.7 1.4 1.1 0 100 200 300
-40C 25C 85C 400 uA 500
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19.3 Pull Resistors
150.0 [kOhm ] 125.0 100.0 75.0 50.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 P ull-Down P ortB ; V DD= 3.0V [k Ohm ] 150 125 100 75 50 -20 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 P ull-Up P ortB ; V DD= 3.0V
19.4 Output currents
IOL P ortB, V DS = 0.15V /0.3V /0.5V /1.0V; T= 25C 20 [m A ] 16 12 8 4 0 2 3 4 [V ] 5 0.5V 0.3V 0.15V [m A ] -12 1V 0 0.15V -3 -6 -9 1V 0.3V 0.5V IOH P ortB ; V DS =0.15V /0.3V /0.5V /1V ; T= 25C 2 3 4 [V ] 5
IOL P ortB; V DD= 3.0V; V DS = 0.15/0.3/0.5/1.0V [m A ] 15 12 9 6 3 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1.0
IOH P ortB ; V DD= 3.0V ; V DS = 0.15/0.3/0.5/1.0V -20 0 -2 -4 0.5 0.3 0.15 [m A] [C] -6 -8 -10 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 0.15 0.3 0.5 1.0
IOL P ortB; V DD= 5.0V; V DS = 0.15/0.3/0.5/1.0V [m A ] 20 16 12 8 4 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.15 [m A ] [C]
IOH P ortB ; V DD=5.0V ; V DS =0.15/0.3/0.5/1.0V -20 0 -3 -6 -9 -12 1.0 0 20 40 60 [C] 80 0.15 0.3 0.5
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20 EM6522 Electrical Specification 20.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Min. Max. Units Power supply VDD-VSS - 0.2 + 6.0 V Input voltage VSS - 0,2 VDD +0,2 V Storage temperature - 40 + 125 C Electrostatic discharge to -2000 +2000 V Mil-Std-883C method 3015.7 with ref. to VSS Maximum soldering conditions 10s x 250C Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure beyond specified electrical characteristics may affect device reliability or cause malfunction.
20.2 Handling Procedures
This device has built-in protection against high static voltages or electric fields; however, anti-static precautions should be taken as for any other CMOS component. Unless otherwise specified, proper operation can only occur when all terminal voltages are kept within the supply voltage range.
20.3 Standard Operating Conditions
Parameter MIN TYP MAX Unit Description Temperature 0 25 60 C VDD _Range 2 3.0 5.5 V with internal voltage regulator VSS 0 V Reference terminal CVDDCA (note 1) 100 nF regulated voltage capacitor fq 32768 Hz nominal frequency Rqs 35 kOhm typical quartz serial resistance CL 8.2 pF typical quartz load capacitance df/f +/- 30 ppm quartz frequency tolerance Note 1: This capacitor filters switching noise from VDD to keep it away from the internal logic cells. In noisy systems the capacitor should be chosen bigger than minimum value.
20.4 DC Characteristics - Power Supply
Conditions: VDD =3.0V, T=25C, unless otherwise specified
Parameter Conditions Symb. Min. Typ. Max. Unit
0.1 0 ... 60C POR static level -20 ... 85C, No Load on Vreg VPOR 1.6 RAM data retention 0 ... 60C Vrd 1.6 Regulated voltage Halt Mode, No Load Vreg 2 2.3 Note 2: LCD Display NOT connected. Note 3: For test reasons, the user has to provide a test loop with successive writing and reading of two different addresses (5 instructions should be reserved for this measurement).
ACTIVE Supply Current (in active mode with LCD on) STANDBY Supply Current (in Halt mode, LCDOff) SLEEP Supply Current
(note2,3) 0 ... 60C (note2,3) 0 ... 60C
IVDDa IVDDa IVDDh IVDDh IVDDs IVDDs
11 1.8
15 16 3 3.5 0.3 0.5 2.0
A A A A A A V V V
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EM6522
20.5 Supply Voltage Level Detector
Parameter Conditions Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V V V V V V V V mV/C SVLD voltage Level1 0 ... 60C VSVLD1 3.65 4.01 4.35 SVLD voltage Level2 0 ... 60C VSVLD2 2.70 2.99 3.27 SVLD voltage Level3 0 ... 60C VSVLD3 2.20 2.42 2.65 SVLD voltage Level4 Note 4 VSVLD4 1.82 2.01 2.20 SVLD voltage Level5 Note 5 VSVLD5 1.62 1.77 1.93 SVLD voltage Level6 Note 5 VSVLD6 1.39 1.54 1.68 SVLD voltage Level7 Note 5 VSVLD7 1.25 1.37 1.49 SVLD voltage Level8 Note 5 VSVLD8 1.11 1.22 1.34 Temperature coefficient +/- 0.2 Note 4 : Level which may not be reached anymore because it can be lower than VDD min. Note 5 : This levels can not be reached with the EM6522, (software compatibility EM6622)
20.6 Oscillator
Conditions: T=25C (unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Temperature stability Input capacitor Output capacitor Transconductance Oscillator start voltage Oscillator start time System start time (oscillator + cold start + reset) Oscillation detector frequency
Conditions
+15 ... +35 C Ref VSS Ref VSS 50mVpp, VDD min Tstart < 10 s VDD > VDD Min
Symb.
df/f x dT Cin Cout Gm Ustart tdosc tdsys
Min.
5,6 12,1 2.5 VDD min
Typ.
7 14
Max.
0,3 8,4 15,9 15.0 3 4
Unit
ppm /C pF pF A/V V s s
0.5 1.5
VDD > VDD min
tDetFreq
12
kHz
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EM6522
20.7 DC characteristics - I/O Pins
Conditions: T= 0 ... 60C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Conditions
Input Low voltage Symb Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Ports A,B,SP,Test,Reset QIN QOUT (note 7)
Input High voltage
VIL VIL
Vss Vss
0.3 VDD 0.1 Vreg
V V
Ports A,B,SP,Test,Reset QIN QOUT (note 7)
Output Low Current
VIH VIH VDD =3.0V , VOL=0.15V VDD =3.0V , VOL=0.30V VDD =3.0V , VOL=0.50V VDD =3.0V , VOL=1.00V VDD =3.0V, VOH= VDD -0.15V VDD =3.0V , VOH= VDD -0.30V VDD =3.0V , VOH= VDD -0.50V VDD =3.0V , VOH= VDD -1.00V VDD =3.0V, Pin at 3.0V, 25C VDD =3.0V, Pin at 3.0V, 25C VDD =3.0V, Pin at 0.0V, 25C IOL IOL IOL IOL IOH IOH IOH IOH RPD RPD RPU
0.7 VDD 0.9 Vreg 1.8 3.6 5.8 7 11.0 -1.2 -2.4 -3.9 -7.0 15k 70k 72k 100k 103k
VDD Vreg
V V mA mA mA mA mA mA mA
Port B,SP, Strobe, Buzzer
Output High Current
Port B,SP, Strobe, Buzzer
Input Pull-down Test, Reset Input Pull-down Port A,B,SP Input Pull-up Port A,B,SP
-4.5
mA Ohm
130k 134k
Ohm Ohm
Note 7 ; QOUT (OSC2) is used only with Quartz.
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EM6522
20.8 LCD SEG[32:1] Outputs
Conditions: T=25C (unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Conditions Symb. Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Driver Impedance Level 0 Driver Impedance Level 1 Driver Impedance Level 2 Driver Impedance Level 3
Iout = 5A, Ext. Supply Iout = 5A, Ext Supply Iout = 5A, Ext Supply Iout = 5A, Ext Supply
RSEGVL0 RSEGVL1 RSEGVL2 RSEGVL3
20 20 20 20
KOhm KOhm KOhm KOhm
20.9 LCD Com[4:1] Outputs
Conditions: T=25C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Conditions Symb. Driver Impedance Level 0 RcomVL0 Iout = 5A, Ext. Supply Driver Impedance Level 1 RcomVL1 Iout = 5A, Ext. Supply Driver Impedance Level 2 RcomVL2 Iout = 5A, Ext Supply RcomVL3 Driver Impedance Level 3 Iout = 5A, Ext Supply
Min. Typ. Max. 10 Unit KOhm
10 10 10
KOhm KOhm KOhm
20.10 DC Output Component
Conditions: T=25C (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Conditions Symb. DC Output component No Load
VDC_com Min. Typ. Max. Unit
20
mV
20.11 LCD Voltage Multiplier
Conditions: T=25C, All Multiplier Capacitors 100nF, freq=512Hz. (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Conditions Symb. Min. Typ. Max. Voltage Bias Level 1 0.95 1.05 1.17 VVL1 1A load Voltage Bias Level 2 2.10 VVL2 1A load Voltage Bias Level 3 Temp dependency VvL1 1A load 1A load, 0...60C VVL3 dVVL1/dT 3.15 -4.9
Unit V
V V mV/C
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EM6522
21 Pad Location Diagram
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EM6522
22 Package & Ordering information
The default package for the EM6522 microcontroller is the TQPF64 10x10x1 mm.
TOP VIEW
D
ODD LEAD SIDES EVEN LEAD SIDES
b D1 e
SEE DETAIL "A" A
S Y M B O L
e
DETAIL "A"
TQFP64
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS
MIN. 0.05 0.95
TYP.
MAX. 1.20 0.15
A A1
SEE DETAIL "B"
A2 D
1.00 12.00 BSC. 10.00 BSC.
1.05
DETAIL "B"
0 MIN. 0.08/0.20 R.
D1
L
0.45
0.60 64 0.50 BSC
0.75
A2 A1
0.08 R. MIN. 0.20 MIN. 1.00 REF.
N e b
0.17
0.22
0.23
0-7
L
1.00/0.10 MM FORM, 1.00 MM THICK PACKAGE OUTLINE, TQFP, 10X10 MM BODY,
22.1 Ordering Information
Ordering Part Number
Part Number Package/Die Form Delivery Form/ Thickness Trays (Plate) 11 mils
Please make sure to give the complete Part Number when ordering, including the 3-digit version. The version is made of 3 digits %%%: the first one is a letter and the last two are numbers, e.g. P04 , P07, P12, etc. For other delivery forms, please contact EM Microelectronic-Marin S.A. EM Microelectronic-Marin SA (EM) makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company's standard warranty which is detailed in EM's General Terms of Sale located on the Company's web site. EM assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of EM are granted in connection with the sale of EM products, expressly or by implications. EM's products are not authorized for use as components in life support devices or systems.
(c) EM Microelectronic-Marin SA, 01/06, Rev. F
EM6522%%%TQ64D EM6522%%%WP11
TQFP 64 pin Die in waffle pack
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