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VNQ5E160K-E Quad channel high side driver for automotive applications Features Max transient supply voltage Operating voltage range Max On-State resistance (per ch.) Current limitation (typ) Off state supply current 1. Typical value with all loads connected. VCC RON ILIMH IS 41V VCC 4.5 to 28V 160 m 10 A 2 A(1) PowerSSO-24 - Electrostatic discharge protection General - Inrush current active management by power limitation - Very low stand-by current - 3.0V CMOS compatible inputs - Optimized electromagnetic emissions - Very low electromagnetic susceptibility - In compliance with the 2002/95/EC european directive Diagnostic functions - Open Drain status output - On-state open load detection - Off-state open load detection - Output short to VCC detection - Overload and short to ground (power limitation) indication - Thermal shutdown indication Protections - Undervoltage shutdown - Overvoltage clamp - Load current limitation - Self limiting of fast thermal transients - Protection against loss of ground and loss of VCC - Over-temperature shutdown with autorestart (thermal shutdown) - Reverse battery protected (a) Application All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads Description The VNQ5E160K-E is a quad channel high-side driver manufactured in the ST proprietary VIPower M0-5 technology and housed in the tiny PowerSSO-24 package. The VNQ5E160K-E is designed to drive automotive grounded loads delivering protection, diagnostics and easy 3V and 5V CMOS-compatible interface with any microcontroller. The device integrates advanced protective functions such as load current limitation, inrush and overload active management by power limitation, over-temperature shut-off with auto-restart and over-voltage active clamp. A dedicated active low digital status pin is associated with every output channel in order to provide Enhanced diagnostic functions including fast detection of overload and short-circuit to ground, over-temperature indication, short-circuit to VCC diagnosis and ON & OFF state open-load detection. The diagnostic feedback of the whole device can be disabled by pulling the STAT_DIS pin up, thus allowing wired-ORing with other similar devices. a. See Application schematic on page 22. February 2008 Rev 1 1/34 www.st.com 34 Contents VNQ5E160K-E Contents 1 2 Block diagram and pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.1.1 3.1.2 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 MCU I/Os protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Open load detection in Off state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 Package and PC board thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.1 PowerSSO-24 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5 Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.1 5.2 5.3 ECOPACK(R) packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 PowerSSO-24 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6 7 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2/34 VNQ5E160K-E List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Switching (VCC = 13V; Tj = 25C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Status pin (VSD=0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Openload detection (8V List of figures VNQ5E160K-E List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Configuration diagram (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Status timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Output voltage drop limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Switching characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Normal operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Undervoltage shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Overload or Short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Intermittent Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Open Load with external pull-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Open Load without external pull-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Short to VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Off state output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 High level input current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Input clamp voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Input high level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Input low level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Low level STAT_DIS current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 On state resistance vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 High level STAT_DIS current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 On state resistance vs VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Low level input current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ILIM vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Turn-On voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Undervoltage shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Turn-Off voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 STAT_DIS clamp voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 High level STAT_DIS voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Low level STAT_DIS voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Open load detection in Off state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Maximum turn-Off current versus inductance (for each channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 PowerSSO-24 PC board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Rthj-amb vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON). . . . . . . . 26 PowerSSO-24 thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse (one channel ON). . . . . 27 Thermal fitting model of a double channel HSD in PowerSSO-24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 PowerSSO-24 package dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 PowerSSO-24 tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PowerSSO-24 tape and reel shipment (suffix "TR") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4/34 VNQ5E160K-E Block diagram and pin configuration 1 Block diagram and pin configuration Figure 1. Block diagram VCC S ignal C lamp Undervoltage C ontrol & Diagnostic 1 P ower C lamp IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 DR IVE R V ON Limitation Over temp. C urrent Limitation OFF S tate Open load ON S tate Open load CH 1 C ONTROL & DIAG NOS TIC C hannels 2, 3 & 4 CH 4 CH 3 S T_ DIS OUT4 OUT3 CH 2 OUT2 OUT1 S T1 S T2 S T3 S T4 OVE R LOAD P R OTE C TION (AC TIVE P OWE R LIMITATION) LOG IC G ND Table 1. Name VCC Pin functions Function Battery connection. Power output. Ground connection. Must be reverse battery protected by an external diode / resistor network. Voltage controlled input pin with hysteresis, CMOS compatible. Controls output switch state. Open Drain digital diagnostic pin. Active high CMOS compatible pin, to disable the STATUS pin. OUTPUTn GND INPUTn STATUSn STAT_DIS 5/34 Block diagram and pin configuration Figure 2. Configuration diagram (top view) VNQ5E160K-E VCC GND INPUT1 STATUS1 INPUT2 STATUS2 INPUT3 STATUS3 INPUT4 STATUS4 STAT_DIS VCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 OUTPUT1 OUTPUT1 OUTPUT1 OUTPUT2 OUTPUT2 OUTPUT2 OUTPUT3 OUTPUT3 OUTPUT3 OUTPUT4 OUTPUT4 OUTPUT4 TAB = VCC Table 2. Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins Status X Not allowed N.C. X X Output X Not allowed Input X Through 10k resistor STAT_DIS X Through 10k resistor Connection / pin Floating To ground 6/34 VNQ5E160K-E Electrical specifications 2 Electrical specifications Figure 3. Current and voltage conventions IS VCC VFn VCC ISD STAT_DIS VSD IINn INPUTn VINn GND IGND STATUSn OUTPUTn IOUTn VOUTn ISTATn VSTATn Note: VFn = VOUTn - VCC during reverse battery condition. 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings Stressing the device above the rating listed in the "Absolute maximum ratings" table may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the Operating sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to the conditions in table below for extended periods may affect device reliability. Refer also to the STMicroelectronics SURE Program and other relevant quality document. Table 3. Symbol VCC - VCC - IGND IOUT - IOUT IIN ISTAT ISTAT_DIS EMAX DC supply voltage Reverse DC supply voltage DC reverse ground pin current DC output current Reverse DC output current DC input current DC status current DC status disable current Maximum switching energy (single pulse) (L= 8 mH; RL=0; Vbat=13.5V; Tjstart=150C; IOUT = IlimL(Typ.) ) Absolute maximum ratings Parameter Value 41 0.3 200 Internally limited 6 +10 / -1 +10 / -1 +10 / -1 36 Unit V V mA A A mA mA mA mJ 7/34 Electrical specifications Table 3. Symbol VNQ5E160K-E Absolute maximum ratings (continued) Parameter Electrostatic discharge (Human Body Model: R=1.5K; C=100pF) - INPUT - STATUS - STAT_DIS - OUTPUT - VCC Charge device model (CDM-AEC-Q100-011) Junction operating temperature Storage temperature Value Unit VESD 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 750 -40 to 150 - 55 to 150 V V V V V V C C VESD Tj Tstg 2.2 Thermal data Table 4. Symbol Rthj-case Rthj-amb Thermal data Parameter Thermal resistance junction-case (max) (with one channel ON) Thermal resistance junction-ambient (max) Max. value 8 See Figure 36. Unit C/W C/W 8/34 VNQ5E160K-E Electrical specifications 2.3 Electrical characteristics Values specified in this section are for 8V Power section Parameter Operating supply voltage Undervoltage shutdown Undervoltage shutdown hysteresis On state resistance(1) IOUT=1A; Tj=25C IOUT=1A; Tj=150C IOUT=1A; VCC=5V; Tj=25C IS = 20 mA Off State; VCC=13V; VIN=VOUT=0V; Tj=25C On State; VIN=5V; VCC=13V; IOUT=0A VIN=VOUT=0V; VCC=13V; Tj=25C VIN=VOUT=0V; VCC=13V; Tj=125C -IOUT=0.6A; Tj=150C 0 0 41 46 2(2) 8 0.01 Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 4.5 13 3.5 0.5 160 320 210 52 5(2) 14 3 5 0.7 28 4.5 V V V m m m V A mA A A V RON Vclamp Clamp voltage IS Supply current IL(off1) VF Off state output current(1) Output - VCC diode voltage(1) 1. For each channel. 2. PowerMOS leakage included. Table 6. Symbol td(on) td(off) dVOUT/dt(on) dVOUT/dt(off) WON WOFF Switching (VCC = 13V; Tj = 25C) Parameter Turn-On delay time Turn-Off delay time Turn-On voltage slope Turn-Off voltage slope Switching energy losses during twon Switching energy losses during twoff Test conditions RL= 13 (see Figure 6.) RL= 13 (see Figure 6.) RL= 13 RL= 13 RL= 13 (see Figure 6.) RL= 13 (see Figure 6.) Min. Typ. 15 15 See Figure 26. See Figure 28. 0.05 0.03 Max. Unit s s V/s V/s mJ mJ 9/34 Electrical specifications Table 7. Symbol VSTAT ILSTAT CSTAT VSCL VNQ5E160K-E Status pin (VSD=0) Parameter Status low output voltage Status leakage current Status pin input capacitance Status clamp voltage Test conditions ISTAT= 1.6 mA, VSD= 0V Normal operation or VSD= 5V, VSTAT= 5V Normal operation or VSD= 5V, VSTAT= 5V ISTAT = 1mA ISTAT = -1mA 5.5 -0.7 Min. Typ. Max. 0.5 10 100 7 Unit V A pF V V Table 8. Symbol IlimH IlimL TTSD TR TRS THYST tSDL VDEMAG VON Protection(1) Parameter DC short circuit current Test conditions VCC=13V; 5V Short circuit current VCC=13V; TR Turn-off output voltage IOUT=1A; VIN=0; L=20mH clamp Output voltage drop limitation IOUT=0.03A (see Figure 5.) Tj= -40C...+150C 1. To ensure long term reliability under heavy overload or short circuit conditions, protection and related diagnostic signals must be used together with a proper software strategy. If the device is subjected to abnormal conditions, this software must limit the duration and number of activation cycles. 10/34 VNQ5E160K-E Table 9. Symbol IOL tDOL(on) Electrical specifications Openload detection (8V tPOL Delay between INPUT falling edge and = 0A (see Figure 4.) I STATUS rising edge in OUT Openload condition Openload OFF state voltage detection threshold VIN = 0V 200 500 1200 s VOL 2 4 V Output short circuit to tDSTKON Vcc detection delay at turn off IL(off2) Off state output current(1) See Figure 4. VIN= 0V; VOUT= 4V (see Section 3.4: Open load detection in Off state) 180 tPOL s -75 0 A td_vol Delay response from output rising edge to VIN= 0V; VOUT= 4V STATUS falling edge in open load 20 s 1. For each channel. Table 10. Symbol VIL IIL VIH IIH VI(hyst) VICL VSDL ISDL VSDH ISDH Logic input Parameter Input low level Low level input current Input high level High level input current Input hysteresis voltage Input clamp voltage STAT_DIS low level voltage Low level STAT_DIS current STAT_DIS high level voltage High level STAT_DIS current VSD=2.1V 0.25 ISD=1mA ISD=-1mA 5.5 -0.7 7 VSD=0.9V 1 2.1 10 IIN = 1mA IIN = -1mA VIN = 2.1V 0.25 5.5 -0.7 0.9 7 VIN = 0.9V 1 2.1 10 Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. 0.9 Unit V A V A V V V V A V A V V V VSD(hyst) STAT_DIS hysteresis voltage VSDCL STAT_DIS clamp voltage 11/34 Electrical specifications Figure 4. Status timings VNQ5E160K-E OPEN LOAD STATUS TIMING (without external pull-up) VIN IOUT < IOL VOUT < VOL VIN OPEN LOAD STATUS TIMING (with external pull-up) IOUT < IOL VOUT > VOL VSTAT tDOL(on) tPOL VSTAT tDOL(on) OUTPUT STUCK TO Vcc VIN IOUT > IOL VOUT > VOL OVER TEMP STATUS TIMING Tj > TTSD VIN VSTAT VSTAT tDOL(on) tDSTKON tSDL tSDL Figure 5. Output voltage drop limitation Vcc-Vout Tj=150oC Tj=25oC Tj=-40oC Von Iout Von/Ron(T) 12/34 VNQ5E160K-E Figure 6. Switching characteristics VOUT tWon tWoff Electrical specifications 80% dVOUT/dt(on) tr 10% 90% dVOUT/dt(off) tf t INPUT td(on) td(off) t Table 11. Truth table INPUTn L H L H L H H H L H L H OUTPUTn L H L L L L X (no power limitation) Cycling (power limitation) H H L H STATUSn (VSD=0V)(1) H H H L X X H L L(2) H H(3) L Conditions Normal operation Overtemperature Undervoltage Overload & short circuit to GND Output voltage > VOL Output current < IOL 1. If the VSD is high, the STATUS pin is in a high impedance. 2. The STATUS pin is low with a delay equal to tDSTKON after INPUT falling edge. 3. The STATUS pin becomes high with a delay equal to tPOL after INPUT falling edge. 13/34 Electrical specifications Table 12. ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test pulse 1 2a 3a 3b 4 5b(2) ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test pulse 1 2a 3a 3b 4 5b(2) III C C C C C C III -75 V +37 V -100 V +75 V -6 V +65 V VNQ5E160K-E Electrical transient requirements Test levels IV -100 V +50 V -150 V +100 V -7 V +87 V Number of pulses or test times 5000 pulses 5000 pulses 1h 1h 1 pulse 1 pulse Test level results(1) IV C C C C C C Burst cycle / pulse repetition time Delays and impedance 2 ms, 10 50 s, 2 0.1 s, 50 0.1 s, 50 100 ms, 0.01 400 ms, 2 0.5 s 0.2 s 90 ms 90 ms 5s 5s 100 ms 100 ms 1. The above test levels must be considered referred to VCC = 13.5V except for pulse 5b. 2. Valid in case of external load dump clamp: 40V maximum referred to ground. Class C E Contents All functions of the device are performed as designed after exposure to disturbance. One or more functions of the device are not performed as designed after exposure to disturbance and cannot be returned to proper operation without replacing the device. 14/34 VNQ5E160K-E Electrical specifications 2.4 Waveforms Figure 7. Normal operation Normal operation INPUT Nominal load Nominal load IOUT VSTATUS VST_DIS Figure 8. Undervoltage shutdown Undervoltage shut-down VUSDhyst VCC VUSD INPUT IOUT UNDEFINED VSTATUS VST_DIS 15/34 Electrical specifications Figure 9. Overload or Short to GND VNQ5E160K-E Overload or Short to GND INPUT ILimH > IOUT Power Limitation Thermal cycling ILimL > VSTATUS VST_DIS Figure 10. Intermittent Overload Intermittent Overload INPUT ILimH > IOUT Overload ILimL > Nominal load VSTATUS VST_DIS 16/34 VNQ5E160K-E Figure 11. Open Load with external pull-up Electrical specifications Open Load with external pull-up INPUT VPU > VOL VOL VOUT IOUT tDOL(on) VSTATUS VST_DIS Figure 12. Open Load without external pull-up Open Load without external pull-up INPUT VOUT IOUT < IOL IOUT IOL tDOL(on) VSTATUS tPOL VST_DIS 17/34 Electrical specifications Figure 13. Short to VCC VNQ5E160K-E Short to V CC Resistive Short to VCC Hard Short to VCC INPUT VOUT > VOL VOL IOUT > IOL VOUT > VOL VOUT IOUT IOL IOUT < IOL tDSTK(on) VSTATUS tDOL(on) VST_DIS Figure 14. TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND INPUT Self-limitation of fast thermal transients TTSD TR THYST TJ_START TJ ILimH > Power Limitation < ILimL IOUT 18/34 VNQ5E160K-E Electrical specifications 2.5 Electrical characteristics curves Figure 16. High level input current Iih (A) 5 4,5 150 Figure 15. Off state output current Iloff (nA) 200 Off State Vcc=13V Vin=Vout=0V Vin=2.1V 4 3,5 100 3 2,5 50 2 1,5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 17. Input clamp voltage Vicl (V) 8 Figure 18. Input high level Vih (V) 4 3,5 3 7,5 lin=1mA 7 2,5 6,5 2 1,5 6 1 5,5 0,5 5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 19. Input low level Vil (V) 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Figure 20. Low level STAT_DIS current Isdl (A) 5 4,5 Vsd= 0.9V 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) 19/34 Electrical specifications VNQ5E160K-E Figure 21. On state resistance vs Tcase Ron (mOhm) 300 Figure 22. High level STAT_DIS current Isdh (A) 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 250 Iout= 1A Vcc=13V Vsd= 2.1V 200 150 2,5 2 100 1,5 50 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 23. On state resistance vs VCC Ron (mOhm) 350 Figure 24. Low level input current Iil (A) 5 4,5 300 Vin=0.9V Tc=150C 4 3,5 250 Tc=125C 200 3 2,5 150 Tc=25C 2 1,5 100 Tc=-40C 1 50 0,5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 25. ILIM vs Tcase Ilimh (A) 20 Figure 26. Turn-On voltage slope (dVout/dt )On (V/ms) 1000 900 15 Vcc=13V Vcc=13V RI=13 Ohm 800 700 10 600 5 500 400 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 300 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) 20/34 VNQ5E160K-E Electrical specifications Figure 27. Undervoltage shutdown Vusd (V) 8 Figure 28. Turn-Off voltage slope (dVout/dt )Off (V/ms) 1200 1000 6 Vcc=13V RI= 13 Ohm 800 4 600 2 400 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 29. STAT_DIS clamp voltage Vsdcl(V) 10 9 Figure 30. High level STAT_DIS voltage VsdH(V) 3 Isd = 1 mA 8 2,5 2 7 6 5 1 4 0,5 3 2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 1,5 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 31. Low level STAT_DIS voltage VsdL(V) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) 21/34 Application information VNQ5E160K-E 3 Application information Figure 32. Application schematic +5V +5V VCC Rprot STAT_DIS Dld C Rprot INPUT OUTPUT Rprot STATUS GND VGND RGND DGND Note: Channels 2, 3 and 4 have the same internal circuit as channel 1. 3.1 3.1.1 GND protection network against reverse battery Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) This solution can be used with any type of load. The following is an indication on how to dimension the RGND resistor. 1. 2. RGND 600mV / (IS(on)max). RGND (- CC) / (-IGND) V where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. Power dissipation in RGND (when VCC<0: during reverse battery situations) is: PD= (-VCC)2/RGND This resistor can be shared amongst several different HSDs. Please note that the value of this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where IS(on)max becomes the sum of the maximum On-state currents of the different devices. Please note that if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground then the RGND will produce a shift (IS(on)max * RGND) in the input thresholds and the status output values. This shift will vary depending on how many devices are ON in the case of several high side drivers sharing the same RGND. 22/34 VNQ5E160K-E Application information If the calculated power dissipation leads to a large resistor or several devices have to share the same resistor then ST suggests that Solution 2 is used(see below). 3.1.2 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line A resistor (RGND=1k) should be inserted in parallel with DGND if the device drives an inductive load. This small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different HSDs. Also in this case, the presence of the ground network will produce a shift (~600mV) in the input threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common with the device ground. This shift will not vary if more than one HSD shares the same diode/resistor network. 3.2 Load dump protection Dld is necessary (Voltage Transient Suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds to VCC max DC rating. The same applies if the device is subject to transients on the VCC line that are greater than the ones shown in the ISO T/R 7637/2 table. 3.3 MCU I/Os protection If a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the VCC line, the control pins will be pulled negative. ST suggests the insertion of resistors (Rprot) in the lines to prevent the C I/Os pins from latching up. The values of these resistors are a compromise between the leakage current of C and the current required by the HSD I/Os (Input levels compatibility) with the latch-up limit of the C I/Os. -VCCpeak/Ilatchup Rprot (VOHC-VIH-VGND) / IIHmax Calculation example: For VCCpeak= - 100V and Ilatchup 20mA; VOHC 4.5V 5k Rprot 180k . Recommended Rprot value is 10k. 23/34 Application information VNQ5E160K-E 3.4 Open load detection in Off state Off-state open load detection requires an external pull-up resistor (RPU) connected between the OUTPUT pin and a positive supply voltage (VPU) like the +5V line used to supply the microprocessor. The external resistor has to be selected according to the following requirements: 1. no false open load indication when load is connected: in this case we have to avoid VOUT to be higher than VOlmin; this results in the following condition: VOUT=(VPU/(RL+RPU))RL RL GROUND 24/34 VNQ5E160K-E Application information 3.5 Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5V) Figure 34. Maximum turn-Off current versus inductance (for each channel) 100 10 A C B 1 I (A) 0,1 0,1 1 L (mH) 10 100 A: Tjstart = 150C single pulse B: Tjstart = 100C repetitive pulse C: Tjstart = 125C repetitive pulse VIN, IL Demagnetization Demagnetization Demagnetization t Note: Values are generated with RL = 0 . In case of repetitive pulses, Tjstart (at beginning of each demagnetization) of every pulse must not exceed the temperature specified above for curves A and B. 25/34 Package and PC board thermal data VNQ5E160K-E 4 4.1 Package and PC board thermal data PowerSSO-24 thermal data Figure 35. PowerSSO-24 PC board Note: Layout condition of Rth and Zth measurements (PCB: Double layer, Thermal Vias, FR4 area= 77mm x 86mm, PCB thickness=1.6mm, Cu thickness=70mm (front and back side), Copper areas: from minimum pad lay-out to 8cm2). Figure 36. Rthj-amb vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON) RTHj_amb(C/ W) 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 0 2 4 6 8 10 PCB Cu heatsink area (cm^ 2) 26/34 VNQ5E160K-E Package and PC board thermal data Figure 37. PowerSSO-24 thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse (one channel ON) ZTH (C/ W) 1000 100 Footprint 2 cm2 8 cm2 10 1 0.1 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 Time (s) 10 100 1000 Figure 38. Thermal fitting model of a double channel HSD in PowerSSO-24 (b) b. The fitting model is a semplified thermal tool and is valid for transient evolutions where the embedded protections (power limitation or thermal cycling during thermal shutdown) are not triggered. 27/34 Package and PC board thermal data Equation 1: pulse calculation formula: Z TH =R TH +Z THtp ( 1 - ) VNQ5E160K-E where = tP/T Table 13. Thermal parameters Area/island (cm2) R1 = R7 = R9 = R11 (C/W) R2 = R8 = R10 = R12 (C/W) R3 (C/W) R4 (C/W) R5 (C/W) R6 (C/W) C1 = C7 = C9 = C11 (W.s/C) C2 = C8 = C10 = C12 (W.s/C) C3 (W.s/C) C4 (W.s/C) C5 (W.s/C) C6 (W.s/C) Footprint 1.2 6 6 7.7 9 28 0.0008 0.0016 0.025 0.75 1 2.2 4 5 9 17 9 17 8 10 2 8 28/34 VNQ5E160K-E Package and packing information 5 5.1 Package and packing information ECOPACK(R) packages In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK(R) packages. ECOPACK(R) packages are lead-free. The category of Second Level Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at www.st.com. 5.2 PowerSSO-24 mechanical data Figure 39. PowerSSO-24 package dimensions 29/34 Package and packing information Table 14. PowerSSO-24 mechanical data Millimeters Symbol Min. A A2 a1 b c D E e e3 G G1 H h L N X Y 4.1 6.5 0.55 10.1 2.15 2.15 0 0.33 0.23 10.10 7.4 0.8 8.8 Typ. VNQ5E160K-E Max. 2.47 2.40 0.075 0.51 0.32 10.50 7.6 0.1 0.06 10.5 0.4 0.85 10deg 4.7 7.1 30/34 VNQ5E160K-E Package and packing information 5.3 Packing information Figure 40. PowerSSO-24 tube shipment (no suffix) Base Q.ty Bulk Q.ty C B 49 1225 532 3.5 13.8 0.6 Tube length ( 0.5) A B C ( 0.1) A All dimensions are in mm. Figure 41. PowerSSO-24 tape and reel shipment (suffix "TR") Reel dimensions Base Q.ty Bulk Q.ty A (max) B (min) C ( 0.2) F G (+ 2 / -0) N (min) T (max) 1000 1000 330 1.5 13 20.2 24.4 100 30.4 All dimensions are in mm. TAPE DIMENSIONS According to Electronic Industries Association (EIA) Standard 481 rev. A, Feb 1986 Tape width Tape Hole Spacing Component Spacing Hole Diameter Hole Diameter Hole Position Compartment Depth Hole Spacing All dimensions are in mm. W P0 ( 0.1) P D ( 0.05) D1 (min) F ( 0.1) K (max) P1 ( 0.1) 24 4 12 1.55 1.5 11.5 2.85 2 End Start Top cover tape No components Components 500mm min No components 500mm min Empty components pockets sealed with cover tape. User direction of feed 31/34 Order codes VNQ5E160K-E 6 Order codes Table 15. Device summary Order codes Package Tube PowerSSO-24 VNQ5E160K-E Tape and reel VNQ5E160KTR-E 32/34 VNQ5E160K-E Revision history 7 Revision history Table 16. Date 25-Feb-2008 Document revision history Revision 1 Initial release. Changes 33/34 VNQ5E160K-E Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries ("ST") reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST's terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. 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