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Agilent N4371A RIN Measurement System
Accurate, high-speed and easy measurements of RIN frequency characteristics Reduced uncertainty by using Agilent original characterization technique (patent pending) High-speed measurement (5 seconds or less for 20 GHz span, 2000 point, 10 average) Analysis on multiple traces by various markers
Agilent provides accurate, high-speed and easy-to-use spectral RIN measurement system by combination of a sensitive, low-noise optical receiver, a industry-standard x-series spectrum analyzer and a digital multi-meter. RIN (Relative Intensity Noise) is a parameter representing temporal intensity fluctuations of a laser signal and is used as an evaluation index of the noise characteristic of the laser devices. RIN is an indispensable item for indicating the signal quality of both digital and analog optical transmission systems. N4371A Agilent RIN measurement system provides accurate RIN measurements with a specially developed characterization technique (patent pending) for the photoelectric frequency response of the entire system. Agilent RIN measurement system also reduces uncertainties by removing the interference by thermal noise and shot noise precisely. The measurement speed of N4371A RIN measurement system is very fast by special control of the spectrum analyzer. The measurement time is less than 5 seconds with www..comthe condition of a 20 GHz frequency span, 2,000 frequency points and 10 times average. The high-speed measurement enables a real-time observation of RIN frequency characteristics with varying parameters of the DUT. The user interface of N4371A RIN measurement system shown in figure 2 is easily accessible from the spectrum analyzer display. The user interface provides functions of displaying up to 5 traces, placing up to 5 markers and searching minimum or maximum RIN values in specific frequency range.
Figure 1. N4371A RIN Measurement System
Figure 2. RIN Measurement User Interface
System Configuration
Optical Receiver System Software X-Series Spectrum Analyzer Digital Multi Meter Options Optical attenuator Optical multi meter mainframe GP-IB Interface Agilent 81576A or 81577A Agilent 8163B Agilent 82357B USB/GP-IB interface See Figure 3 Block Diagram See Figure 2 See Table 1 (Option: Including PFR, KYB, MSE, and DVR) Agilent 34410A
Table 1 N4371A Frequency Range and Product Number of MXA-Series Spectrum Analyzer
Frequency Range MXA Series Option
100kHz to 3GHz N9020A-503
10MHz to 6.7GHz N9020A-508
10MHz to 13.2GHz N9020A-513
10MHz to 20GHz N9020A-526
System Block Diagram
X-Series Spectrum Analyzer
DUT
Optical Attenuator (Options)
Optical Receiver
USB/GPIB Control USB Control
Optical Receiver
PD Temperature Control Circuit Optical Input Low Noise Amplifier Digital Multi Meter RF Output
PIN-PD
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PD Bias Circuit
Current Monitor
Figure 3. RIN Measurement System Block Diagram
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Measurement Example
In the RIN measurement system, laser signal from DUT is converted to electric signal by the PIN-PD in the optical receiver. The electric signal is amplified by the low noise amplifier and measured with the Spectrum analyzer. The average photocurrent of PIN-PD is monitored by the digital multi meter. The amplified electric signal contains thermal noise and shot noise as well as laser intensity noise. The RIN measurement isolates the amplified laser intensity noise from other noise components. The shot noise is calculated from the average photocurrent and the thermal noise is obtained as a noise without laser signal. The RIN measurement system calculate the laser intensity noise current before amplification by use of the photoelectric frequency response of the system. The accuracy of the photoelectric frequency response significantly affects measurement results. Agilent characterizes the response value precisely by originally developed methodology. The RIN value is derived from the laser intensity noise current and the average photocurrent. The measurement results are saved as table data of the frequency and the RIN value in CSV file format and as graphical profiles in PNG file format. Optionally 81576A/81577A optical attenuator, 8163B optical multimeter mainframe and 82357B USB/GP-IB interface can be included in the system configuration if the input optical power control is required for more than 10 dBm optical source power.
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Figure 4 shows a RIN measurement example of a 1550nm DFB-LD. The RIN measurement system provides accurate, fast and easy RIN measurement of a very low RIN value of -160dB/Hz or less in a wide frequency range from 10MHz to 20GHz.
The smoothing aperture is selectable form 0% to 10% in displaying the measurement results. This function achieves a high resolution RIN evaluation with small smoothing aperture, which enables to capture peaked fluctuation of RIN characteristics.
Figure 4. RIN Measurement Example
Performance Characteristics
Corresponding Wavelength Frequency Range Maximum input optical power Minimum RIN Measurement Value 1265 nm - 1625 nm 100 kHz to 3 GHz, 10 MHz to 6.7 GHz/13.2 GHz/20 GHz +10 dBm @1310 nm and 1550 nm -160 dB/Hz @0 dBm received optical power; 1310 nm and 1550 nm
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Revised: March 27, 2008
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Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice. (c) Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2007, 2008 Printed in USA, May 23, 2008 5989-7300EN

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