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Table of Contents
Chapter 1NHARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1 PIN ASSIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1.1 Pin-Signal Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 Resetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Power-Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Power and Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Memory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 The Codec Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
1.3
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switching Characteristics--Preliminary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synchronous Timing Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timing Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 1-18 1-20 1-23 1-25
Chapter 2NSOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 SYSTEM OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 The State Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Event Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Message Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tone Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initialization and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5
2.2
PERIPHERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 Microcontroller interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Memory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 codec interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3
ALGORITHM FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 VCD (Voice Compression and Decompression) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 DTMF Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 Tone and Energy Detection (Call Progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
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2.3.4 2.3.5 Full-Duplex Speakerphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Speech Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
2.4 2.5
VOICEDSP PROCESSOR COMMANDS--QUICK REFERENCE TABLE . . . . . . . . .2-21 COMMAND DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24
Chapter 3NSCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 APPLICATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Chapter 4NPHYSICAL DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
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ISD-T360SB
VoiceDSPTM Digital Speech Processor with Master/Slave, Full-Duplex Speakerphone, Multiple Flash --Advance Information-- and ARAM/DRAM Support
Preliminary Information
The VoiceDSPTM product family combines multiple digital signal processing functions on a single chip for cost-effective solutions in telephony, automotive and consumer applications. The VoiceDSP processor offers necessary features to modern telephony products, such as: high-quality, speech record and playback, electrical and acoustic echo cancellation for full-duplex hands-free speakerphone operation. The ISD-T360SB VoiceDSP can be used in various applications:
Digital telephony with add-on speech processing: Digital Telephone Answering Machines(DTADs); and full-duplex, handsfree speakerphone operation for ISDN, DECT, Digital Spread Spectrum, and analog cordless applications; CT0/1 Base stations. An add-on chip for corded telephones featuring DTAD functions and/or fullduplex, hands-free speakerphone operation. Stand-alone digital answering machines with full-duplex, hands-free speakerphone operation. Voice memo recording Automotive applications employing fullduplex speakerphone operations for hands-free, in-car communications, and for car status and information announcements.
Based on ISD's unique concept which combines 16-bit DSP (Digital Speech Processor) and 16-bit RISC core technology, the ISD-T360SB is a highperforming chip solution for various applications. To facilitate incorporating the VoiceDSP processor, it features system support functions such as an interrupt control unit, codec interface (master, slave), Microwire interface to the system microcontroller, as well as a memory handler for Flash and DRAM memory devices. Design of high-end, price optimized systems are possible with ISD's VoiceDSP flexible system interfaces (codec, microcontroller, and memory management support). The ISD-T360SB processor operates as a peripheral controlled by the system microcontroller via an enhanced, serial Microwire interface. The system microcontroller typically controls the analog circuits, buttons and display, as well as activates functions through commands. The VoiceDSP executes these commands and returns status information to the Microcontroller. The VoiceDSP software resides in the on-chip ROM. It includes DSP-based algorithms, system support functions, and a software interface to hardware peripherals.

December 1998
ISD * 2045 Hamilton Avenue, San Jose, CA 95125 * TEL: 408/369-2400 * FAX: 408/369-2422 * http://www.isd.com
ISD-T360SB
FEATURES AT A GLANCE
DTAD MANAGEMENT
Highest quality speech recording in PCM format for music on hold or other OGM (Out Going Message) recording and IVS Selectable high-quality speech compression rate of 5.3 Kbit/s, 9.9 Kbits or 16.8 Kbit/s, plus silence compression with each rate Up to 16 minutes recording on a 4-Mbit Flash High-quality music compression for music on hold (16.8 Kbits) Programmable message tag for message categorization, e.g., Mailboxes, InComing Messages (ICM), OutGoing Messages (OGM) Message management Skip forward or backward during message playback Variable speed playback Real-time clock: Day of Week, Hours, Minutes Multi-lingual speech synthesis using International Vocabulary Support (IVS) Vocabularies available in: English, Japanese, Mandarin, German, French and Spanish Software Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
CALL AND DEVICE MANAGEMENT
Digital volume control Least cost routing support (LCR) Power-down mode 3V to 5V selectable power supply 4.096 MHz operation DTMF generation and detection Telephone line functions, including busy and dial tone detection Single tone generation DTMF detection during message playback

PERIPHERAL CONTROL
Codec
-Law, A-Law, and 16-bit linear codec input support Selectable master/slave codec interface Supports two in-coming lines in slave mode without speakerphone for DTAD recording Supports up to 16 user selectable speech channels in slave mode Supports long-frame and short-frame codecs Single/double bit clock rate for slave mode On-chip codec clock generation

SPEAKERPHONE
Digital full-duplex speakerphone Acoustic- and line-echo cancellation Continuous on-the-fly monitoring of external and internal conditions (acoustic and line) provides high-quality, hands-free, conversation in a changing environment Minimum microcontroller control intervention (Launch-and-forget) Supports: On, Off, Mute, and Hold functions
Memory
Supports up to four 4-Mbit, four 8-Mbit, or four 16-Mbit Flash devices from Toshiba or Samsung Supports up to four 16-Mbit ARAM/DRAM memory devices from Toshiba, Samsung, and Samsung-compatible The number of messages that can be stored is limited only by memory size Direct access to message memory

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Message storage contains all data in a concatenated chain of memory blocks. Memory mapping and product floor test included Supports external vocabularies, using Flash memory or expansion ROM
Develop a new vocabulary by ISD's voice prompt development tool, the ISD-IVS360. This vocabulary development tool supports various languages and including their unique grammar structures. ISD-IVS360, PC-Windows95TM-based program, synthesizes recorded .wav files into the ISD-T360SB's various compression rates (including PCM). ISD's VoiceDSP products store IVS vocabularies on either Flash memory or expansion ROM memories, thus DTAD manufacturers can design a product for multiple countries, featuring various languages. For more details about IVS, refer to the IVS User's Guide.
Microwire
MICROWIRE slave interface to an external microcontroller Sophisticated command language to optimize system code size
INTERNATIONAL VOCABULARY SUPPORT (IVS)
For manufacturing recorded voice prompt and speech synthesis, the ISD International Vocabulary Support delivers pre-recorded voice prompts in the same high-quality of the user-recorded speech. For complete control over quality and memory management, the IVS features adjustable speech compressions. In addition, several pre-recorded voice prompt sets are available in various languages for further convenience. Available Languages:

English Japanese Mandarin German French Spanish
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Figure 1-1: ISD-T360SB Block Diagram--Basic Configuration with Four 4Mb/8Mb/16Mb NAND Flash Devices (Samsung/Toshiba)
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Figure 1-2: ISD-T360SB Block Diagram--Basic Configuration with Four 4Mb Serial Toshiba Flash Devices
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Figure 1-3: ISD-T360SB Block Diagram--Basic Configuration with Four 16Mb ARAM/DRAM Devices (Samsung) and IVS EPROM
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Chapter 1NHARDWARE 1.1 PIN ASSIGNMENT
1.1.1 PIN-SIGNAL ASSIGNMENT
The following sections detail the pins of the ISDT360SB processor. Slashes separate the names of signals that share the same pin.
Table 1-1 shows all the pins, and the signals that use them in different configurations. It also shows the type and direction of each signal.
Figure 1-1: 80-MQFP Package Connection Diagram
CAS/MMCLK
VCC
VSS
VCCA
VCC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 A9 A10 RAS/MMDOUT DWE/MMDIN NC D0 D1 D2 VSS D3 VCCHI VCC D4 D5 D6 D7 PC0/A11 NC NC NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 PC6/EMCS/ENV0 PC1/A12 PC2/A13 PC3/A14 PC4/A15 PC5 MWCS RESET VSS PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB0 PB1 PC7 VCC PB2 PB7 NC Top View 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 VSSA X2/CLKIN X1 TST NC NC NC MWRDY MWDOUT NC VSS MWRQST VCC MWCLK MWDIN CCLK CDIN CFS0 CDOUT CFS1
ISD-T360SB
80-MQFP
A7 A8
VSS 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41
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Table 1-1: VoiceDSP Pin Signal Assignment
Pin Name A(0:15) CAS CCLK CDIN CDOUT CFS0 CFS1 D(0:7) DWE EMCS/ENV0 EMCS/ENV0 MMCLK MMDIN MMDOUT MWCLK MWCS MWDIN MWDOUT MWRDY MWRQST PB(0:7)3 PC(0:7) RAS RESET TST VCC VCCA VCCHI VSS VSSA X1 X2/CLKIN
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Signal Name A(0:16) CAS CCLK CDIN CDOUT CFS0 CFS1 D(0:7) DWE EMCS ENV0 MMCLK MMDIN MMDOUT MWCLK MWCS MWDIN MWDOUT MWRDY MWRQST PB(0:7) PB(0:7) RAS RESET TST VCC VCCA VCCHI VSS VSSA X1 X2
Type Output Output I/O Input Output I/O Output I/O Output Output Input Output Input Output Input Input Input Output Output Output I/O I/O Output Input Input Power Power Power Power Power Oscillator Oscillator Address bits 0 through 16
Description
DRAM Column Address Strobe Codec Master/slave Clock Data Input from Codec Data Output to Codec Codec 0 Frame Synchronization Codec 1 Frame Synchronization Data bits 0 through 7 DRAM Write Enable Expansion Memory Chip Select Environment Select Master MICROWIRE Clock Master MICROWIRE Data Input Master MICROWIRE DATA Output MICROWIRE Clock MICROWIRE Chip Select MICROWIRE Data Input MICROWIRE DATA Output MICROWIRE Ready MICROWIRE Request Signal Port B, bits 0 through 7 Port C, bits 0 through 7 DRAM Row Address Strobe Reset Test pin 3.3 V power supply pin 3.3 V analog circuitry power supply pin 5 V power supply pin. Connect to VCC if 3.3 V power supply is used. Ground for on-chip logic and output drivers Ground for on-chip analog circuitry Crystal Oscillator Interface Crystal Oscillator Interface
TTL1 output signals provide CMOS levels in the steady state, for small loads. Input during reset. CMOS level input. Virtual address lines for IVS ROM. Chip select lines for Serial Flash devices. Schmitt trigger input.
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1.2
DESCRIPTION
If the load on the ENV0 pin causes the current to exceed 10 A, use an external pull-up resistor to keep the pin at 1. Figure 1-2 shows a recommended circuit for generating a reset signal when the power is turned on.
This section provides details of the functional characteristics of the VoiceDSP processor. It is divided into the following sections:
* Resetting * Clocking * Power-Down Mode * Power and Grounding * Memory Interface * Codec Interface
Figure 1-2: Recommended Power-On Reset Circuit
VCC VCC
1.2.1
RESETTING
RESET
ISD-T360
The RESET pin is used to reset the VoiceDSP processor. On application of power, RESET must be held low for at least tpwr after VCC is stable. This ensures that all on-chip voltages are completely stable before operation. Whenever RESET is applied, it must also remain active for not less than t RST, see Table 1-10 and Table 1-11. During this period, and for 100 ms after, the TST signal must be high. This can be done with a pull-up resistor on the TST pin. The value of MWRDY is undefined during the reset period, and for 100 ms after. The microcontroller should either wait before polling the signal for the first time, or the signal should be pulled high during this period. Upon reset, the ENV0 signal is sampled to determine the operating environment. During reset, the EMCS/ENV0 pin is used for the ENV0 input signals. An internal pull-up resistor sets ENV0 to 1. After reset, the same pin is used for EMCS.
VSS
1.2.2
CLOCKING
The VoiceDSP processor provides an internal oscillator that interacts with an external clock source through the X1 and X2/CLKIN pins. Either an external single-phase clock signal, or a crystal oscillator, may be used as the clock source.
External Single-Phase Clock Signal
If an external single-phase clock source is used, it should be connected to the CLKIN signal as shown in Figure 1-3, and should conform to the voltage-level requirements for CLKIN stated in "ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS" on page 1-18.
System Load on ENV0
For any load on the ENV0 pin, the voltage should not drop below VENVh (see Table 1-10 and Table 1-11).
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Figure 1-3: External Clock Source
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Table 1-2 lists the components in the crystal oscillator circuit
VoiceDSP
Table 1-2:
X2/CLKIN
Components of Crystal Oscillator Circuit
Values 4.096 MHz 10 M 33 pF 5% 20% Tolerance
X1
Component Crystal Resonator
Single-phase Clock Signal Resistor R1 Clock Generator Capacitors C1, C2
Crystal Oscillator
A crystal oscillator is connected to the on-chip oscillator circuit via the X1 and X2 signals, as shown in Figure 1-4.
1.2.3
POWER-DOWN MODE
Figure 1-4: Connections for an External Crystal Oscillator
Power-down mode is useful during a power failure or in a power-saving model, when the power source for the processor is a backup battery or in battery-powered devices, while the processor is in idle mode. In power-down mode, the clock frequency of the VoiceDSP processor is reduced and some of the processor modules are deactivated. As a result, the ISD-T360SB consumes considerably less power than in normal-power mode. Although the VoiceDSP processor does not perform all its usual functions in power-down mode, it does retain stored messages and maintain the date and time.
ISD-T360
X2 R1 X1
C2
C1
NOTE
Keep stray capacitance and inductance, in the oscillator circuit, as low as possible. The crystal resonator, and the external components, should be as close to the X1 and X2/CLKIN pins as possible, to keep the trace lengths in the printed circuit to an absolute minimum. You can use crystal oscillators with maximum load capacitance of 20 pF, although the oscillation frequency may differ from the crystal's specified value.
In power-down mode all the chip select signals, CS0 to CS3, are set to 1. To guarantee that there is no current flow from these signals to the Flash devices, the power supply to these devices must not be disconnected.
The ISD-T360SB stores messages and all memory management information in Flash or ARAM/ DRAM memory. When Flash memory is used for memory management, power does not need to be maintained to the processor to preserve stored messages. When ARAM/DRAM memory is used for message management, preserving stored messages requires a battery back up dur-
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Figure 1-5 when operating in a 3.3 V environment, and as shown in Figure 1-6 when operating in a 5 V environment. Failure to correctly connect the pins may result in damage to the device. The Capacitor and Resistor values are given in Table 1-3.
ing a power failure. If the power failure extends the life of the battery, the microcontroller should perform the initialization sequence (as described on page 2-4), and use the SETD command to set the date and time. To keep power consumption low during powerdown mode, the RESET, MWCS, MWCLK and MWDIN signals should be held above V CC - 0.5 V or below VSS + 0.5 V.
Table 1-3:
Components of Supply Circuit
Values 10 1.0 F Tantalum 0.1 F Ceramic Tolerance 5% 20%
Component
1.2.4
POWER AND GROUNDING
Resistor R1, R2 Capacitors(1) C1, C2 Capacitors C3, C4, C5, C6, C7
1.
Power Pin Connections
The ISD-T360 can operate over two supply voltage ranges 3.3 V 10% and 5 V 10%. The five power supply pins (VCC, VSS, VCCA, VSSA and VCCHI) must be connected as shown in
All capacitors represent two parallel capacitors at the values 1.0 F and 0.1 F.
Figure 1-5: 3.3 V Power Connection Diagram
R1
3.3 V Supply
VSS VSS 74 9
VCC VCC VCCA VSS 72 64 63
C1
61 VSSA 60 VSS
VCCHI VCC
11
ISD-T360
50
12 30 VCC 32 VSS
48
VCC
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ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-6: 5 V Power Connection Diagram
C6 R2
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C5 VSS VSS 5 V Supply C2 VCCHI VCC 11 74 9
VCC VCC VCCA 72 64 63
VSS C7 61 VA 60 SS VSS
ISD-T360
50
12 30 VCC 32 VSS
48 VCC
C4
C3
For optimal noise immunity, the power and ground pins should be connected to V CC and the ground planes, respectively, on the printed circuit board. If VCC and the ground planes are not used, single conductors should be run directly from each VCC pin to a power point, and from each GND pin to a ground point. Avoid daisychained connections. The VoiceDSP does not perform its usual functions in power-down mode but it still preserves stored messages, maintains the time of day and generates ARAM/DRAM refresh cycles. When you build a prototype, using wire-wrap or other methods, solder the capacitors directly to the power pins of the VoiceDSP processor socket, or as close as possible, with very short leads.
1.2.5
MEMORY INTERFACE
Flash Support
The ISD-T360SB VoiceDSP supports Flash devices for storing recorded data, thus, power can be disconnected to the ISD-T360SB without losing data. The ISD-T360SB supports serial and semiparallel Flash device interfaces, such as TC58V16BFT, TC5816BFT, TC58A040F, KM29N040T, KM2928000T/IT, and KM29216000AT/AIT. The ISDT360SB may be connected to up to four Flash devices, resulting with maximum recording storage of 16-Mbits x 4 = 64 Mbits (up to 4 hours of recording time). The following flash devices are supported:
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Table 1-4: Supported Flash Devices
Manufacturer Toshiba Toshiba Toshiba Samsung Samsung Samsung
Memory Device Name TC58V16BFT TC5816BFT TC58A040F KM29N040T KM29W8000T/IT KM29W16000AT /AIT
Characteristics 2Mx8 2Mx8 Serial 512Kx8 1Mx8 2Mx8
Operating Voltage 3.3 V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V
Memory Size Conversion Type 16-Mbit LV 16-Mbit 4-Mbit 4-Mbit 8-Mbit 16-Mbit -Law A-Law -Law, A-Law -Law, A-Law, LV Law A-Law
Internal Memory Organization
The Flash devices detailed in Table 1-4 divide internally into basic 4-Kbyte block units. The ISDT360SB uses one block on each device for memory management, leaving the rest of the blocks available for recording. Using at least one block for a single recorded message yields a maximum of NUM_OF_BLOCKS_IN_MEM - 1 (see Table 2-10 for parameter definition) messages per device. Upon initialization the ISD-T360SB activates a sifting algorithm to detect defected blocks. Defected blocks are defined as blocks with over 10 bad nibbles (a nibble consists of 4 bits). The defected blocks are marked as UNUSED and excluded from the list of available blocks for recording.
Toshiba Serial Flash
The VoiceDSP processor supports up to four TC58A040F, 4Mbit, serial interface, Flash memory devices for storing messages. The TC58A040F is organized as an array of 128 blocks, with a dedicated, read-only, bad block map programmed by the manufacturer and located in the last block. This map is used by the ISD-T360SB to define the available blocks for recording. The ISDT360SB uses the VoiceDSP master MICROWIRE interface to communicate, serially, with the Flash devices, while selecting the current Flash device using PB3-PB6. Connecting less than four Flash devices require connecting the Flash devices sequentially, starting from PB3 up to PB6 (see Figure 1-7). Refer to Figure 1-34for the Master MICROWIRE timing diagram.
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Figure 1-7: Memory Interface with Four Toshiba 4Mbit Serial Flash Devices and Optional Voice IVS EPROM
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Figure 1-8: Memory Interface with Four 4MB/16 Mbit, NAND Flash Devices (Samsung, Toshiba)
NAND Flash (Samsung, Toshiba)
The VoiceDSP processor supports up to four, semi-parallel interface, Flash memory devices for storing messages. Flash device with semi-parallel interface uses a single 8bit I/O port to set the address and access the data. The ISD-T360SB supports three types of Flash volumes (4Mbit, 8Mbit and 16Mbit as listed in Table 1-4) while all the connected Flash devices must be of the same type. Ports B and C are used to connect ISDT360SB to the Flash devices using port B for address and data transfer and port C for communication control and chip select. Connecting less than four Flash devices require connecting the Flash devices sequentially, starting from PC4 up to PC7 (see Figure 1-8). The ISD-T360SB scans the Flash devices upon initialization, sifting out the bad blocks, and marking them in a special map, located in the last block of each device.
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Figure 1-9: Memory Interface with Four Toshiba 4Mbit Serial Flash Devices and Optional IVS EPROM
Flash Endurance
A Flash memory may be erased a limited number of times. To maximize the Flash use, the memory manager utilizes the Flash's blocks evenly (i.e., each block is erased more or less the same number of times), to ensure that all blocks have the same lifetime. Refer to the respective Flash memory device data sheets for specific endurance specifications. A VoiceDSP processor message uses at least one block. The maximum recording time depends on four factors:
1. 2. 3.
The basic compression rate (5.3 Kbit/s, 9.9Kbit/s, or 16.8Kbit/s). The amount of silence in the recorded speech. The number of bad blocks.
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ISD-T360SB
ARAM device, the ISD-T360SB emulates virtual "blocks" on the ARAM device (as if it was a Flash device), tests these "blocks" and marks them in a special map on the last "block" on each device. This test is required only when using ARAM devices (as opposed to DRAM devices that require no testing due to lack of bad blocks). The virtual division to blocks simplifies the use of ARAM/DRAM devices and allows the use of the same set of commands for Flash and ARAM/ DRAM. Another major difference between ARAM/ DRAM and Flash devices is that the internal mapping in the ARAM is lost upon power off. Thus, the initialization process needs to take place after each power reset. The mapping is not lost when entering and exiting the Power-Down Mode. Refer to Figure 1-24 through Figure 1-28 for Timing Diagrams of ARAM/DRAM Read, Write, Refresh in Normal Mode and Refresh in Power-Down Mode Cycles.
The number of recorded messages. (The basic memory allocation unit for a message is a 4Kbyte block, which means that half a block on average is wasted per recorded message).
Table 1-5:
Recording Time with 15% Silence Compression
Compression Rate 5.3 Kbit/s 9.9 Kbit/s 16.8 Kbit/s 5.3 Kbit/s 9.9 Kbit/s 16.8 Kbit/s 5.3 Kbit/s 9.9 Kbit/s 16.8 Kbit/s 5.3 Kbit/s 9.9 Kbit/s 16.8 Kbit/s Total Recording Time 14.9 Minutes 8.1 Minutes 4.8 Minutes 29.8 Minutes 16.2 Minutes 9.6 Minutes 59.6 Minutes 32.4 Minutes 19.2 Minutes 119.2 Minutes 64.8 Minutes 38.4 Minutes
Memory Size 4 Mbit 4 Mbit 4 Mbit 8 Mbit 8 Mbit 8 Mbit 16 Mbit 16 Mbit 16 Mbit 32 Mbit 32 Mbit 32 Mbit
ROM Interface
IVS vocabularies can be stored in either Flash memory and/or ROM. The VoiceDSP processor supports IVS ROM devices through an Expansion Memory mechanism. Up to 64 Kbytes (64K x 8) of Expansion Memory are directly supported. Nevertheless, the processor uses bits of the on-chip port (PB) to further extend the 64 Kbytes address space up to 0.5 Mbytes address space. ROM is connected to the VoiceDSP processor using the data bus, D(0:7), the address bus, A(0:15), the extended address signals, EA(16:18), and Expansion Memory Chip Select, EMCS, controls. The number of extended address pins to use may vary, depending on the size and configuration of the ROM. ISD-T360SB configured with semi-parallel Flash memory can not support extension ROM.
ARAM/DRAM Support
The VoiceDSP processor supports up to four, 16-Mbit, ARAM/DRAM devices for storing messages. The ISD-T360 connects to the ARAM/ DRAM device using address buses A0-A11 and data buses D0-D3. This connection allows access to 222 nibbles (16-Mbit) on each device. The ISD-T360SB selects the current ARAM/DRAM device using PB3-PB6 as described in Figure 1-10. Using less than four ARAM/DRAM devices requires connecting the devices sequentially, starting from PB3 up to PC6. RAS and CAS are connected in parallel to all the ARAM/DRAM devices and are used to refresh the memory. The difference between ARAM and DRAM resides with the amount of bad cells on the device and the device performance. While DRAM has no bad cells, ARAM contains certain level of impurity and thus requires testing and mapping of the bad blocks upon the initialization of the ISDT360SB. Although there are no real blocks on the
ISD
1-11
ISD-T360SB
1--HARDWARE
Figure 1-10: Memory Interface with Four 16-Mbit ARAM/DRAM Devices (Samsung, Toshiba) and Optional IVS EPROM
Table 1-6: Supported DRAM Devices
Manufacturer Samsung Samsung Toshiba Memory Device Name KM44C4004CS-6 KM44V4004CS-6 TP Characteristics EDO 4Mx4 EDO 4Mx4 EDO 4Mx4 Operating Voltage 5V 3.3 V 5V, 3.3V Memory Size 16-Mbit EDO LV 16-Mbit EDO 16-Mbit EDO, LV
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ISD-T360SB
1.2.6
THE CODEC INTERFACE
CDIN, CDOUT, CCLK, and CFS1 pins. Data is transferred to the codec through the CDOUT output pin. Data is read from the codec through the CDIN input pin. The CCLK and CFS0 pins are output in Master Mode and input in Slave Mode. The CFS1 is an output pin.
The ISD-T360 provides an on chip interface for analog and digital telephony, supporting master and slave codec interface modes. In master mode, the ISD-T360 controls the operation of the codec for use in analog telephony. In the slave mode, the ISD-T360 codec interface is controlled by an external source. This mode is used in digital telephony (i.e., ISDN or DECT lines). The slave mode is implemented with respect to IOM-2TM/ CGI specifications. See Table 1-7 for codec options for the ISDT360SB (ISD supports compatible codecs in addition to those listed below). The codec interface supports the following features:
Short Frame Protocol
When the short frame protocol is configured, eight or sixteen data bits are exchanged with each codec in each frame (i.e., the CFS0 cycle). Data transfer begins when CFS0 is set to 1 for one CCLK cycle. The data is then transmitted, bit by bit, via the CDOUT pin. Concurrently, the received data is shifted in through the CDIN pin. Data is shifted one bit per CCLK cycle. After the last bit has been shifted, CFS1 is set to 1 for one CCLK cycle. Then, the data from the second codec is shifted out via CDOUT, concurrently with the inward shift of the data received via CDIN.
* Master Mode or Slave Mode. * 8- or 16-bit Channel Width. * Long (Variable) or Short (Fixed) Frame Protocol. * Single or Double Bit (Slave Mode Only) Clock Rate. * Single or Dual Channel Codecs * One or Two Codecs * Multiple Clock And Sample Rates. * One or Two Frame Sync Signals
This codec interface uses five signals: CDIN, CDOUT, CCLK, CFS0, and CFS1. The CDIN, CDOUT, CCLK, and CFS0 pins are connected to the first codec. The second codec is connected to
Long Frame Protocol
When long frame protocol is configured, eight or sixteen data bits are exchanged with each codec, as for the short frame protocol. However, for the long frame protocol, data transfer starts by setting CFS0 to 1 for eight or sixteen CCLK cycles. Short or long frame protocol is available in both Master and Slave modes. Figure 1-11 illustrates an example of short frame protocol with an 8-bit channel width.
Table 1-7: Supported Codec Devices
Manufacturer National Semiconductor National Semiconductor Oki Oki Macronix Lucent Lucent Codec Device Name TP3054 TP 3057 MSM7533V MSM 7704 MX93002FC T7502 T7503 Characteristics Single codec Single codec Dual codec Dual codec Dual codec Dual codec Dual codec Operating Voltage 5V 5V 5V 3.3 V 5V 5V 5V Conversion Type -Law A-Law -Law, A-Law -Law, A-Law, LV -Law A-Law -Law
ISD
1-13
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-11: Codec Protocol-Short Frame--8-Bit Channel Width
1--HARDWARE
Channel Width
The Codec interface supports both 8-bit and 16bit channel width in Master and Slave Modes.
Slave Mode
The VoiceDSP supports digital telephony applications including DECT and ISDN by providing a Slave Mode of operation. In Slave Mode operation, the CCLK signal is input to the ISD-T360 and controls the frequency of the codec interface operation. The CCLK may take on any frequency between 500 KHz and 4 MHz. Both long and short frame protocol are supported with only the CFS1 output signal width affected. The CFS0 input signal must be a minimum of one CCLK cycle. In slave mode, a double clock bit rate feature is available as well. When the codec interface is configured to double clock bit rate, the CCLK input signal is divided internally by two and the resulting clock used to control the frequency of the codec of the codec interface operation.
This interface supports ISDN protocol with one bit clock rate or double bit clock rate. The exact format is selected with the CFG command. The slave codec interface uses four signals: CDIN, CDOUT, CCLK, and CFS0. The CDIN, CCLK, and CFS0 input pins and the CDOUT output pins are connected to the ISDN/DECT agent. Data is transferred to the VoiceDSP through the CDIN pin and read out through the CDOUT pin. The CFS0 pin is used to define the start of each frame (see below) the source of that signal is at the master side. The CCLK is used for bit timing of CDIN and CDOUT. The rate of the CCLK is configured via the CFG command and can be twice of the data rate or at the data rate. The source of that signal is at the master side.
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ISD-T360SB
Table 1-8: Typical Codec Applications
Channel Width (No. Bits) 8 8 Long/ CCLK Short Bit Rate Freq. Frame (MHz) Protocol short or long short 1 1 or 2 2.048 2.048 No. of Frame Syncs 1 1
Application
Codec Type single dual
No. of Channels 1 2
Master/ Slave Master Slave
Sample Rate (Hz) 8000 8000
Analog Law ISDN--8 bit digital--ALaw Linear IOM-2/GCI 266 Compatibility
single single or dual single or dual
1 1-2 1 or 2
Master Slave Master
16 8 8
short short long or short
1 1 or 2 1
2.048 1.536 2.048
8000 8000 8000
1 1 1 or 2
Figure 1-12: Codec Interface with One Single Codec, NSC TP3054, for Single Line Operation
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
1--HARDWARE
Figure 1-13: Codec Interface Diagram with Two, Single Codecs, NSC TP3054, and NSC TP3057, for Speakerphone Operation
Figure 1-14: Codec Interface for Dual Line or Single Line and Speakerphone Operation with OKI Dual Codec
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ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-15: Codec Interface for Dual Line or Single Line and Speakerphone with Lucent Dual Codec
Figure 1-16: Codec Interface for Dual Line or Single Line and Speakerphone Operation with Macronix Dual Codec
ISD
1-17
ISD-T360SB
1--HARDWARE
1.3
SPECIFICATIONS
1.3.1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
-65C to +150C 0C to +70C -0.5 V to +6.5 V
NOTE
Storage temperature Temperature under bias All input and output voltages with respect to GND
Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which permanent damage may occur. Continuous operation at these limits is not intended; operation should be limited to the conditions specified below.
1.3.2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 0C to +70C, VCC = 5 V 10% Or 3.3 V 10%, GND = 0 V Table 1-9: Electrical Characteristics--Preliminary Information (All Parameters with Reference to VCC = 3.3 V)
Symbol
CX ICC1 ICC2 ICC3 IL IO (Off) tCASa tCASh tCASia tCASLw tDWEa tDWEh tDWEia tRASa tRASh tRASia tRASLw tRLCL tWRa
Parameter
X1 and X2 Capacitance1 Active Supply Current Standby supply current Power-down Mode Supply Current Input Load Current Output Leakage Current (I/O pins in Input Mode) CAS Active CAS Hold CAS Inactive DRAM, PDM, CAS Width DWE Active DWE Hold DWE Inactive RAS Active RAS Hold RAS Inactive DRAM PDM, RAS Width DRAM PDM RAS Low, after CAS Low WR0 Active
Conditions
Normal Operation Mode, Running Speech Applications2 Normal Operation Mode, DSPM Idle2 Power-down Mode2,3 0 V VIN VCC 0 V VOUT VCC After R.E. CTTL, T1 or T2W3 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T3 or TERF At 0.8 V, Both Edges After R.E. CTTL, T2W2 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T3 After R.E. CTTL, T2W1 or T2WRF After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T3 or T3RF At 0.8 V, Both Edges F.E. CAS to F.E. RAS After R.E. CTTL, T1
Min
Typ
17.0 40.0 30.0
Max
80.0
Units
pF mA mA
0.7 -5.0 -5.0 5.0 5.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 600.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 200.0 200.0 tCTp/2+2
mA A A
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ISD-T360SB
Table 1-9: Electrical Characteristics--Preliminary Information (All Parameters with Reference to VCC = 3.3 V)
Symbol
tWRCSh tWRh tWRia VENVh VHh VHl VHys VIH VIL VOH VOHWC
Parameter
WR0 Hold after EMCS WR0 Hold WR0 Inactive ENV0 Input, High Voltage CMOS Input with Hysteresis, Logical 1 Input Voltage CMOS Input with Hysteresis, Logical 0 Input Voltage Hysteresis Loop Width1 TTL Input, Logical 1 Input Voltage TTL Input, Logical 0 Input Voltage Logical 1 TTL, Output Voltage MMCLK, MMDOUT and EMCS Logical 1, Output Voltage Logical 0, TTL Output Voltage MMCLK, MMDOUT and EMCS Logical 0, Output Voltage CLKIN Input, High Voltage CLKIN Input, Low Voltage
4
Conditions
R.E. EMCS R.E. to R.E. WR0 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T3
Min
10.0 tCTp/2-6
Typ
Max
Units
tCTp/2+2 2.0 2.1 0.8 0.5 2.0 -0.5 VCC+0.5 0.8 V V V V V V V V V 0.45 0.2 0.45 0.2 2.0 0.8 V V V V V V
IOH = -0.4 mA IOH = -0.4 mA IOH = -50 A5
2.4 2.4 VCC-0.2
VOL VOLWC
IOL = 4 mA IOL = 50 A5 IOL = 4 mA IOL = 50 A5 External Clock External Clock
VXH VXL
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Guaranteed by design. IOUT =0, TA 25C, VCC = 3.3 V for VCC pins and 3.3 V or 5 V on VCCHI pins, operating from a 4.096 MHz crystal and running from internal memory with Expansion Memory disabled. All input signals are tied to 0 (above VCC - 0.5 V or below VSS + 0.5 V), except ENV0, which is tied to VCC. Measured in power-down mode. The total current driven, or sourced, by all the VoiceDSP processor's output signals is less than 50 A. Guaranteed by design, but not fully tested.
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
1--HARDWARE
1.3.3
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS--PRELIMINARY
Maximum times assume capacitive loading of 50pF. CLKIN crystal frequency is 4.096 MHz.
NOTE CTTL is an internal signal and is used as a reference to explain the timing of other signals. See Figure 1-37.
Definitions
All timing specifications in this section refer to 0.8 V or 2.0 V on the rising or falling edges of the signals, as illustrated in Figure 1-17 through Figure 1-23, unless specifically stated otherwise.
Figure 1-17: Synchronous Output Signals (Valid, Active and Inactive)
CTTL or MWCLK
2.0V
2.0V Signal 0.8V tSignal
NOTE:
Signal valid, active or inactive time, after a rising edge of CTTL or MWCLK.
Figure 1-18: Synchronous Output Signals (Valid)
MWCLK
0.8V
2.0V Signal 0.8V tSignal
NOTE:
Signal valid time, after a falling edge of MWCLK.
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1--HARDWARE
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-19: Synchronous Output Signals (Hold), after Rising Edge of CTTL
2.0V CTTL
2.0V Signal 0.8V tSignal
NOTE:
Signal hold time, after a rising edge of CTTL.
Figure 1-20: Synchronous Output Signals (Hold), after Falling Edge of MWCLK
2.0V MWCLK
2.0V Signal 0.8V tSignal
NOTE:
Signal hold time, after a falling edge of MWCLK.
Figure 1-21: Synchronous Input Signals
CTTL or MWCLK 2.0 V
2.0 V Signal 0.8 V
2.0 V 0.8 V
tSignal
Setup
tSignal Hold
NOTE:
Signal setup time, before a rising edge of CTTL or MWCK, and signal hold time after a rising edge of CTTL or MWCK
ISD
1-21
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-22: Asynchronous Signals
1--HARDWARE
2.0 V Signal A 0.8 V
2.0 V Signal B 0.8 V tSignal
NOTE:
Signal B starts after rising or falling edge of signal A.
The RESET has a Schmitt trigger input buffer. Figure 1-23 shows the input buffer characteristics.
Figure 1-23: Hysteresis Input Characteristics
Vout VHys
VHl
VHh
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1--HARDWARE
ISD-T360SB
1.3.4
SYNCHRONOUS TIMING TABLES
Table 1-10: Output Signals--Preliminary
In this section, R.E. means Rising Edge and F.E. means Falling Edge.
Symbol tAh tAv tCCLKa tCCLKh tCCLKia tCDOh tCDOv tCTp tEMCSa tEMCSh tEMCSia tFSa tFSh tFSia tMMCLKa tMMCLKh tMMCLKia tMMDOh tMMDOv tMWDOf tMWDOh tMWDOnf tMWDOv tMWITOp tMWRDYa tMWRDYia tPABCh tPABCv
1. 2.
Figure
Description Address Hold Address Valid CCLK Active CCLK Hold CCLK Inactive CDOUT Hold CDOUT Valid CTTL Clock Period1
Reference Conditions After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T1 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL R.E. CTTL to next R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T2W1 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL T3 After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL After R.E. MWCS After F.E. MWCLK After F.E. MWCS After F.E. MWCLK Propagation Time After R.E. of CTTL After F.E. MWCLK After R.E. CTTL After R.E. CTTL, T2W1
Min (ns) 0.0
Max (ns)
12.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 30.5 250,000 12.0 0.0 12.0 25.0 0.0 25.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 35.0 70.0
EMCS Active EMCS Hold EMCS Inactive CFS0 Active CFS0 Hold CFS0 Inactive Master MICROWIRE Clock Hold Master MICROWIRE Clock Inactive Master MICROWIRE Data Out Hold Master MICROWIRE Data Out Valid MICROWIRE Data Float1 MICROWIRE Data Out MICROWIRE Data No MICROWIRE Data MWRDY Active MWRDY Inactive PB and MWRQST PB and MWRQST MWDIN to MWDOUT Hold2 Float2
Master MICROWIRE Clock Active After R.E. CTTL
Out Valid2
In normal operation mode, tCTp must be 48.8 ns; in power-down mode, tCTp must be 50,000 ns. Guaranteed by design, but not fully tested.
ISD
1-23
ISD-T360SB
Table 1-11: Input Signals--Preliminary
Symbol tCCLKSp tCCLKSh tCCLKSl tCDIh tCDIs tCFS0Ss tCFS0Sh tDIh tDIs tMMDINh tMMDINs tMWCKh tMWCKl tMWCKp tMWCLKh tMWCLKs tMWCSh tMWCSs tMWDIh tMWDIs tPWR tRSTw tXh tXl tXp
1. 2.
1--HARDWARE
Figure
Description Codec Clock Period (slave) Codec Clock High (slave) Codec Clock Low (slave) CDIN Hold CDIN Setup CFS0 Setup CFS0 Hold Data in Hold (D0:7) Data in Setup (D0:7) Master MICROWIRE Data In Hold Master MICROWIRE Data In Setup MICROWIRE Clock High (slave) MICROWIRE Clock Low (slave) MICROWIRE Clock Period (slave)1 MWCLK Hold MWCLK Setup MWCS Hold MWCS Setup MWDIN Hold MWDIN Setup Power Stable to RESET R.E.2 RESET Pulse Width CLKIN High CLKIN Low CLKIN Clock Period
Reference Conditions R.E. CCLK to next R.E. CCLK At 2.0 V (both edges) At 0.8 V (both edges) After R.E. CTTL Before R.E. CTTL Before R.E. CCLK After R.E. CCLK After R.E. CTTL T1, T3 or TI Before R.E. CTTL T1, T3 or TI After R.E. CTTL Before R.E. CTTL At 2.0 V (both edges) At 0.8 V (both edges) R.E. MWCLK to next R.E. MWCLK After MWCS becomes inactive Before MWCS becomes active After F.E. MWCLK Before R.E. MWCLK After R.E. MWCLK Before R.E. MWCLK After VCC reaches 4.5 V At 0.8 V (both edges) At 2.0 V (both edges) At 0.8 V (both edges) R.E. CLKIN to next R.E. CLKIN
Min (ns) 244 120 120 0.0 11.0 TBD TBD 0.0 15.0 0.0 11.0 100.0 100.0 2.5 s 50.0 100.0 50.0 100.0 50.0 100.0 30.0 ms 10.0 ms tX1p/2 - 5 tX1p/2 - 5 244.4
Max (ns)
Guaranteed by design, but not fully tested in power-down mode. Guaranteed by design, but not fully tested.
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1--HARDWARE
ISD-T360SB
1.3.5
TIMING DIAGRAMS
Figure 1-24: ROM Read Cycle Timing
1. 2. 3.
This cycle may be either TI (Idle), T3 or T3H. Data can be driven by an external device at T2W1, T2W, T2 and T3. This cycle may be either TI (Idle) or T1.
Figure 1-25: ARAM/DRAM Refresh Cycle Timing (Normal Operation)
1.
This cycle may be either TI (Idle) or T1 of any non-DRAM bus cycle. If the next bus cycle is a DRAM one, T3RF is followed by three TI (Idle) cycles.
ISD
1-25
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-26: ARAM/DRAM Power-Down Refresh Cycle Timing
1--HARDWARE
Figure 1-27: DRAM Read Cycle Timing
TI T1 T2W1 T2W2 T2W3 6xT2W T2 T3 TI
(Note 2)
TI
TI
T1
T2W1 T2W2 T2W3
CTTL
RAS tRASa tRASh tRASia tRASh
CAS tCASa tCASh A0-10 or A0-15 (Note 1) tAv tCASia tCASh
Row tAv tAh
Column tAh
DWE (Note 3) D0-1, D3-7 tDf (Note 3) D2/RA11 RA11 D2 In RA11 Data In tDIs tDIh
1. 2. 3.
tDf tDf tDIs tDIh tAv A0-A10 in the IRE environment, when Expansion Memory is disabled; otherwise A0-A15. This cycle may be either TI (Idle) or T1 of any non-DRAM bus cycle. If the next bus cycle is to DRAM, T3 is followed by three TI (Idle) cycles. An external device can drive data from T2W3 to T3.
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ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-28: DRAM Write Cycle Timing
TI T1 T2W1 T2W2 T2W3 6xT2W T2 T3 TI TI
(Note 2)
CTTL
RAS tRASa tRASh tRASia tRASh
CAS tCASa tCASh A0-10 or A0-15 (Note 1) tCASia tCASh Column tAv tAh
Row tAv
DWE tDWEa tDWEh D0-1, D3-7 tDf tDv Data Out tDh tDf D2/RA11 tAv RA11 tDv D2 Out tDh tDf
1. 2.
tDWEia tDWEh
A0-A10 in the IRE environment, when Expansion Memory is disabled; otherwise A0-A15. This cycle may be either TI (Idle) or T1 of any non-DRAM bus cycle. If the next bus cycle is to DRAM, T3 is followed by three TI (idle) cycles.
ISD
1-27
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-29: Codec Short Frame Timing
tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp
1--HARDWARE
tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp
tCTp
tCTp
tCTp
CTTL
CCLK
tCCLKia tCCLKh tCCLKa tCCLKh
CFS0/ CFS1 tFSa tFSh CDOUT tCDOv tFSia tFSh BIT 7 tCDOv tCDOh CDIN tCDIs BIT 7 tCDIh
NOTE:
The CCLK and CFS0 timing is shown for Master Mode only. For Slave Mode, see Figure 1-31.
Figure 1-30: Codec Long Frame Timing
tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp 4xtCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp tCTp
CTTL
CCLK
tCCLKia tCCLKh tCCLKa tCCLKh
CFS0/ CFS1 tFSa tFSh CDOUT BIT 7 BIT 0 tCDOv tCDOh CDIN BIT 7 tFSia tFSh
NOTE:
The CCLK and CFS0 timing is shown for Master Mode only. For Slave Mode, see Figure 1-31.
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ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-31: Slave Codec CCLK and CFS0 Timing
tCCLKSp
CCLK tCCLKSh tCCLKSl
CFS0 tCFS0Ss tCFS0Sh
Figure 1-32: MICROWIRE Transaction Timing--Data Transmitted to Output
ISD
1-29
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1--HARDWARE
Figure 1-33: MICROWIRE Transaction Timing--Data Echoed to Output
Figure 1-34: Master MICROWIRE Timing
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ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-35: Output Signal Timing for Port PB and MWRQST
NOTE:
This cycle may be either TI (Idle), T2, T3 or T3H.
Figure 1-36: CLKIN Timing
Figure 1-37: CTTL Timing
ISD
1-31
ISD-T360SB
Figure 1-38: Reset Timing When Reset Is Not at Power-Up
1--HARDWARE
Figure 1-39: Reset Timing When Reset Is at Power-Up
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ISD-T360SB
Chapter 2NSOFTWARE
The VoiceDSP software resides in the on-chip ROM. It includes DSP-based algorithms, system support functions and a software interface to hardware peripherals. the processor detectors (VOX, constant energy, call progress tones and DTMF) are not active. In all other states, these detectors are active. (See the SDET and RDET commands for further details).
2.1
SYSTEM OPERATION
IDLE
This is the state from which most commands are executed. As soon as a command and all its parameters are received, the processor starts executing the command.
This section provides details of the system support functions and their principle operation. It is divided into the following subjects:
* The State Machine * Command Execution * Event Handling * Message Handling * Tone Generation * Initialization and Configuration * Power Down Mode (PDM)
PLAY
In this state a message is decompressed (unless stored in PCM format), and played back.
RECORD
In this state a message is compressed (unless stored in PCM format) and recorded into the message memory.
2.1.1
THE STATE MACHINE
SYNTHESIS
An individual word or a sentence is synthesized from an external vocabulary in this state.
The ISD-T360SB operates in two modes, normal mode (DTAD) and speakerphone mode. To change the mode use the Set Speakerphone Mode (SSM) command. The VoiceDSP processor functions as a state machine under each mode. It changes state either in response to a command sent by the microcontroller, after execution of the command is completed, or as a result of an internal event (e.g. memory full or power failure). For more information see "VoiceDSP PROCESSOR COMMANDS--QUICK REFERENCE TABLE" on page 2-21. The VoiceDSP states are desctibed below:
TONE_GENERATE
In the TONE_GENERATE state, the VoiceDSP processor generates single or DTMF tones.
MSG_OPEN
The VoiceDSP processor either reads or writes 32 bytes to the message memory, or sets the message read/write pointer on a 32 byte boundary.
RESET
The VoiceDSP processor is initialized to the RESET state after a full hardware reset by the RESET signal (See "RESETTING" on page 1-3). In this state
ISD
2-1
ISD-T360SB
2--SOFTWARE
2.1.2
COMMAND EXECUTION
2.1.3
EVENT HANDLING
A VoiceDSP processor command is represented by an 8-bit opcode. Some commands have parameters and some have return values. Commands are either synchronous or asynchronous.
STATUS WORD
The 16-bit status word indicates events that occur during normal operation. The VoiceDSP processor activates the MWRQST signal, to indicate a change in the status word. This signal remains active until the processor receives a GSW (Get Status Word) command. For detailed description of the Status Word and the meaning of each bit, see "GSW Get Status Word" on page 2-33.
SYNCHRONOUS COMMANDS
A synchronous command must complete execution before the microcontroller can send a new command (e.g. GMS, GEW). A command sequence begins when the microcontroller sends an 8-bit opcode to the processor, followed by the command's parameters (if any). The VoiceDSP processor then executes the command and, if required, transmits a return value to the microcontroller. Upon completion, the processor notifies the microcontroller that it is ready to accept a new command.
ERROR WORD
The 16-bit error word indicates errors that occurred during execution of the last command. If an error is detected, the command is not processed; the EV_ERROR bit in the status word is set to 1, and the MWRQST signal is activated.
ASYNCHRONOUS COMMANDS
An asynchronous command starts execution in the background and notifies the microcontroller, which can send more commands while the current command is still running (e.g. R, P). After receiving an asynchronous command, such as P (Playback), R (Record), SW (Say Words) or GT (Generate Tone), the VoiceDSP processor switches to the appropriate state and executes the command until finished or a S (Stop) or PA (Pause) command is received from the microcontroller. When completed, the EV_NORMAL _END event is set and the processor switches to the IDLE state. "VoiceDSP PROCESSOR COMMANDS--QUICK REFERENCE TABLE" on page 2-21 displays all the processor commands, the valid source states in which these commands are valid, and the states resulting from the command.
ERROR HANDLING
When the microcontroller detects the active MWRQST signal, it issues the GSW command, deactivating the MWRQST signal. Then, the microcontroller tests the EV_ERROR bit in the status word, and, if set, sends the GEW (Get Error Word) command to read the error word for details. For detailed description of the Error Word and the meaning of each bit, see "GEW Get Error Word" on page 2-30.
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CURRENT MESSAGE
The GTM (Get Tagged Message) command selects the current message. Most message handling commands (P, DM, RMSG), operate on the current message. Deleting the prevailing message does not cause a different message to become current; the current message is undefined. If you issue the GTM command to skip to the next message, the first message, newer than the just deleted message, becomes the current message.
2.1.4
MESSAGE HANDLING
A message is the basic unit on which most of the VoiceDSP commands operate. A VoiceDSP processor message, stored on a memory device (Flash or ARAM/DRAM), can be regarded as a computer file stored on a mass-storage device. The ISD-T360SB manages messages for a wide range of applications, which require different levels of DTAD functionality. The VoiceDSP processor features advanced memory-organization features such as multiple OutGoing Messages (OGMs), mailboxes, and the ability to distinguish between InComing Messages (ICMs) and OGMs. A message is created with either the R (Record) or the CMSG (Create Message) command. Once created, the message is assigned a timeand-day stamp and a message tag which is read by the microcontroller. The R command takes voice samples from the codec, compresses them, and stores them in the message memory. When a message is created with the CMSG command the data to be recorded is provided by the microcontroller, via the WMSG (Write Message) command and not through the codec. Here, the data is transferred directly to the message memory, and not compressed by the ISDT360SB voice compression algorithm. WMSG, RMSG (Read Message) and SMSG (Set Message Pointer) are message-data access commands used to store and read data to or from any location in the message memory (see "VoiceDSP PROCESSOR COMMANDS--QUICK REFERENCE TABLE" on page 2-21 for more details). Using these commands, the microcontroller utilizes messages for features such as a Telephone Directory and playing back (P command) or deleting (DM command) a message. Remove redundant data (e.g., trailing tones or silence) from the message tail with the CMT (Cut Message Tail) command. The PA (Pause) and RES (Resume) commands suspend the P and R commands, respectively, and then resume them from where they were suspended.
MESSAGE TAG
Each message has a 2-byte message tag which used to categorize messages, and implement such features as OutGoing Messages, mailboxes, and different handling of old and new messages. The tag is created during the R (Record) command. Use the GMT (Get Message Tag) and SMT (Set Message Tag) commands to handle message tags.
NOTE Message tag bits can only be cleared and are set only when a message is first created. This limitation, inherent in Flash memories, allows bits to be changed only from 1 to 0 (changing bits from 0 to 1 requires a special erasure procedure). However, the usual reason for updating an existing tag is to mark a message as old. This can be done when a message is first created by using one of the bits as a new/old indicator, setting the bit to 1 and later clearing it when necessary.
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2.1.5
TONE GENERATION
2.1.6
INITIALIZATION AND CONFIGURATION
The VoiceDSP processor generates DTMF tones and single-frequency tones from 300Hz to 3000Hz in increments of 100Hz. The ISD-T360SB tone generation conforms to the EIA-470-RS standard. Note, however, that value of some tunable parameters may need adjusting to meet the standard specifications since the energy level of generated tones depends on the analog circuits used. 1. Tune the DTMF_GEN_TWIST_LEVEL parameter to control the twist level of the generated DTMF tones. Use the VC (Volume Control) command, and tune the TONE_GEN_LEVEL parameter, to control the energy level at which these tones are generated. Use the GT (Generate Tone) command to specify the DTMF tones, and the frequency at which single tones are generated.
Use the following procedures to initialize the VoiceDSP processor:
NORMAL INITIALIZATION
Reset the VoiceDSP processor by activating the RESET signal. (See "RESETTING" on page 1-3.) 1. Issue a CFG (Configure VoiceDSP processor) command to change the configuration according to your environment. Issue an INIT (Initialize System) command to initialize the VoiceDSP firmware. Issue a series of TUNE commands to adjust the VoiceDSP processor to the requirements of your system.
2. 3.
2.
3.
TUNABLE PARAMETERS
The VoiceDSP processor can be adjusted to the specific system's requirements using a set of tunable parameters. These parameters are set to their default values after reset and can be later modified with the TUNE command. By tuning these parameters, you can control various aspects of the VoiceDSP processor's operation, such as silence compression, tone detection, and no-energy detection. Tables 2-4 to 2-11 of the Command Description section describe all the tunable parameters in detail.
Refer to table 2-5, VC command and GT command of the Command Description section for furhter details of the relevant tunable parameters and commands.
NOTE The DTMF detector performance is degraded during tone generation, especially if the frequency of the generated tone is close to the frequency of one of the DTMF tones.
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2.1.7
POWER-DOWN MODE
2.2.1
MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE
The PDM (Go To Power-Down Mode) command switches the ISD-T360SB to power-down mode. The purpose of the PDM command is to save power during buttery operation, or for any other power saving cause. During power-down mode only basic functions, such as ARAM/DRAM refresh and time and date update, are active (for more details refer to POWER-DOWN MODE description on page 1-4). This PDM command may only be issued when the processor is in the IDLE mode (for an explanation of the ISD-T360SB states, see "Command Execution" on page 2-2). If it is necessary to switch to power-down mode from any other state, the controller must first issue a S (Stop) command to switch the processor to the IDLE state, and then issue the PDM command. Sending any command while in power-down mode resets the VoiceDSP processor detectors, and returns it to normal operation mode.
NOTE Entering or exiting power-down mode can distort the real-time clock by up to 500 s. Thus, to maintain the accuracy of the realtime clock, enter or exit the power-down mode as infrequently as possible.
MICROWIRE/PLUSTM is a synchronous serial communication protocol minimizes the number of connections, and thus the cost, of communicating with peripherals. The VoiceDSP MICROWIRE interface implements the MICROWIRE/PLUS interface in slave mode, with an additional ready signal. It enables a microcontroller to interface efficiently with the VoiceDSP processor application. The microcontroller is the protocol master and provides the clock for the protocol. The VoiceDSP processor supports clock rates of up to 400 KHz. This transfer rate refers to the bit transfer; the actual throughput is slower due to byte processing by the VoiceDSP processor and the microcontroller. Communication is handled in bursts of eight bits (one byte). In each burst the VoiceDSP processor is able to receive and transmit eight bits of data. After eight bits have been transferred, an internal interrupt is issued for the VoiceDSP processor to process the byte, or to prepare another byte for sending. In parallel, the VoiceDSP processor sets MWRDY to 1, to signal the microcontroller that it is busy with the byte processing. Another byte can be transferred only when the MWRDY signal is cleared to 0 by the VoiceDSP processor. When the VoiceDSP processor transmits data, it expects to receive the value 0xAA before each transmitted byte. The VoiceDSP processor reports any status change by clearing the MWRQST signal to 0. If processor command's parameter is larger than one byte, the microcontroller transmits the Most Significant Byte (MSB) first. If a return value is larger than one byte, the VoiceDSP processor transmits the MSB first. The following signals are used for the interface protocol. Input and output are relative to the VoiceDSP processor.
2.2
PERIPHERALS
This section provides details of the peripherals interface support functions and their principle operation. It is divided into the following subjects:
* Microcontroller Interface (Slave MICROWIRE) * Memory Interface * Codec Interface
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INPUT SIGNALS
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MWRDY
MICROWIRE Ready. When active (0), this signal indicates that the VoiceDSP processor is ready to transfer (receive or transmit) another byte of data. This signal is set to 1 by the VoiceDSP processor after each byte transfer has been completed. It remains 1, while the VoiceDSP processor is busy reading the byte, writing the next byte, or executing the received command (after the last parameter has been received). MWRDY is cleared to 0 after reset. For proper operation after a hardware reset, this signal should be pulled up.
MWDIN
MICROWIRE Data In. Used for input only, for transferring data from the microcontroller to the VoiceDSP processor.
MWCLK
MICROWIRE Clock. Serves as the synchronization clock during communication. One bit of data is transferred on every clock cycle. The input data is available on MWDIN and is latched on the clock rising edge. The transmitted data is output on MWDOUT on the clock falling edge. The signal should remain low when switching MWCS.
MWRQST
MICROWIRE Request. When active (0), this signal indicates that new status information is available. MWRQST is deactivated (set to 1), after the VoiceDSP processor receives a GSW (Get Status Word) command from the microcontroller. After reset, this signal is active (0) to indicate that a reset occurred. MWRQST, unlike all the signals of the communication protocol, is an asynchronous line that is controlled by the VoiceDSP firmware.
MWCS
MICROWIRE Chip Select. The MWCS signal is cleared to 0, to indicate that the VoiceDSP processor is being accessed. Setting MWCS to 1 causes the VoiceDSP processor to start driving MWDOUT with bit 7 of the transmitted value. Setting the MWCS signal resets the transfer-bit counter of the protocol, so the signal can be used to synchronize between the VoiceDSP processor and the microcontroller. To prevent false detection of access to the VoiceDSP processor due to spikes on the MWCLK signal, use this chip select signal, and toggle the MWCLK input signal, only when the VoiceDSP processor is accessed.
SIGNAL USE IN THE INTERFACE PROTOCOL
After reset, both MWRQST and MWRDY are cleared to 0. The MWRQST signal is activated to indicate that a reset occurred. The EV_RESET bit in the status register is used to indicate a reset condition. The GSW command should be issued after reset to verify that the EV_RESET event occurred, and to deactivate the MWRQST signal. While the MWCS signal is active (0), the VoiceDSP processor reads data from MWDIN on every rising edge of MWCLK. VoiceDSP processor also writes every bit back to MWDOUT. This bit is either the same bit which was read from MWDIN (in this case it is written back as a synchronization echo after some propagation delay), or it is a bit of a value the VoiceDSP processor transmits to the microcontroller (in this case it is written on every falling edge of the clock).
OUTPUT SIGNALS
MWDOUT
MICROWIRE Data Out. Used for output only, for transferring data from the VoiceDSP processor to the microcontroller. When the VoiceDSP processor receives data it is echoed back to the microcontroller on this signal, unless the received data is 0xAA. In this case, the VoiceDSP processor echoes a command's return value.
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Figure 1-32 and Figure 1-33 illustrate the sequence of activities during a MICROWIRE data transfer between VoiceDSP and the microcontroller.
When a command has more than one parameter/return-value, the parameters/return-values are transmitted in the order of appearance. If a parameter/return-value is more than one byte long, the bytes are transmitted from the most significant to the least significant. The MWRDY signal is used as follows: 1. Active (0) MWRDY signals the microcontroller that the last eight bits of data transferred to/from the voice module were accepted and processed (see below). The MWRDY signal is deactivated (set to 1 by the VoiceDSP processor) after 8-bits of data were transferred to/from the VoiceDSP processor. The bit is set following the falling edge of the eighth MWCLK clock-cycle. The MWRDY signal is activated (cleared to 0) by the VoiceDSP processor when it is ready to receive the first parameter byte (if there are any parameters) and so on till the last byte of parameters is transferred. An active MWRDY signal after the last byte of parameters indicates that the command was parsed and (if possible) executed. If that command has a return value, the microcontroller must read the value before issuing a new command. When a return value is transmitted, the MWRDY signal is deactivated after every byte, and activated again when the VoiceDSP processor is ready to send another byte, or to receive a new command. The MWRDY signal is activated (cleared to 0) after reset, and after a protocol timeout. (See "INTERFACE PROTOCOL TIMEOUTS" )
INTERFACE PROTOCOL TIME-OUTS
Depending on the VoiceDSP processor's state, if more than 100 milliseconds elapse between the assertion of the MWRDY signal and the transmission 8th bit of the next byte pertaining to the same command transaction, a time-out event occurs, and the VoiceDSP processor responds as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sets the error bit in the status word to 1. Sets the EV_TIMEOUT bit in the error word to 1. Activates the MWRQST signal (clears it to 0). Activates the MWRDY signal (clears it to 0). Waits for a new command. (After a timeout occurs, i.e., the microcontroller received MWRQST during the command transfer, or result reception, the microcontroller must wait at least four milliseconds before issuing the next command.)
2.
3.
4.
ECHO MECHANISM
The VoiceDSP processor echoes back to the microcontroller all the bits received by the VoiceDSP processor. Upon detection of an error in the echo, the microcontroller should stop the protocol clock, which eventually causes a time-out error (i.e., ERR_TIMEOUT bit is set in the error word).
NOTE When a command has a return value, the VoiceDSP processor transmits bytes of the return value instead of the echo value.
5.
The MWRQST signal is used as follows: 1. 2. The MWRQST signal is activated (cleared to 0), when the status word is changed. The MWRQST signal remains active (0), until the VoiceDSP processor receives a GSW command.
The VoiceDSP processor transmits a byte as an echo when it receives the value 0xAA from the microprocessor. Upon detection of an error the VoiceDSP processor activates the MWRQST signal, and sets the ERR_COMM bit in the error word.
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2.2.2
MEMORY INTERFACE
PRODUCTION LINE TESTING
In many cases it is desired to test the ISD-T360SB in the production line as part of the whole application. Usually in these cases, the testing time is an important factor and should be minimized as possible. The initialization time of the memory devices is significant and should be avoided during production (Refer to Table 1-4). Therefore, a dedicated parameter is defined in order to allow a production line testing while using a small part of the real connected memory size. It should be noted that in case of power failure during the production line testing, the connected memory devices should be replaced, and the process should be repeated. Refer to parameter index 63, in Table 2-10, for further explanation of the production line testing.
DEVICE NUMBER AND TYPE
The VoiceDSP processor supports various types of Flash memory and ARAM/DRAM devices. Up to four devices may be connected to the VoiceDSP, where all the connected devices must be of the same type. Each memory device may be of 4Mbit, 8Mbit or 16Mbit; thus a total of 64Mbit non-volatile memory may be connected for message storage (up to 4 hours of voice recording). See "MEMORY INTERFACE" on page 1-6, for detailed description of the supported Flash and ARAM/DRAM devices and the hardware connectivity. Use the CFG command to define the type and number of installed memory devices (see "CFG Configure VoiceDSP config_value" on page 225).
ARAM QUALITY
ARAM is an Audio Grade RAM device, which implies that some percentage of the ARAM bits are defected and their content is undefined. Unlike Flash devices, where the defected bits can be mapped out, in case of ARAM specific bits cannot be mapped out; only memory blocks can be mapped out. Therefore, it should be noted that using ARAM as a voice storage device, will result in audible distortions. It is the user responsibility to define the maximum allowed bad nibbles (4 bits) in a memory block. If the number of bad nibbles exceeds the defined limitation, the specific block is mapped out and is not used for message recording. Refer to tunable parameter index 64, in Table 2-10, for further details of the ARAM quality level definition.
MEMORY DEVICE SIZE
The memory manager handles the memory devices in basic units of 4Kbyts blocks. This approach is defined due to the nature of Flash devices where the basic unit that can be erased is a 4Kbytes block. This constraint is not relevant for ARAM/DRAM devices, but the concept is maintained for simplicity and consistency. Memory blocks cannot be shared by different voice messages. Therefore, the maximum number of messages per memory device, equals to the number of memory blocks minus one (one block per device is used for memory management). The size of the connected memory devices, is defined by the number of memory blocks in each device. Refer to tunable parameter index 62, in Table 2-10, for detailed description of the available number of blocks for Flash and ARAM/ DRAM devices.
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DATA CHANNELS TIMING
Especially in digital telephony, but also in analog telephony when speakerphone is connected, the channels data may be delayed from the synchronization signal by variable number of clock cycles. In order to allow full flexibility of the data delay relative to the synchronization signal, and the delay between the two synchronization signals, a set of registers is provided. setting the delay parameters of these registers defines the exact timing of all the codec interface signals. Refer to tunable parameters index 65 to index 69, in Table 2-11, for detailed description of the delay registers and their significance.
2.2.3
CODEC INTERFACE
SUPPORTED FUNCTIONALITY
The VoiceDSP processor supports analog and digital telephony in various configurations. For analog telephony the VoiceDSP operates in master mode, where it provides the clock and the synchronization signals. It supports a list of single channel and dual channel codecs, as listed in Table 1-7. For digital telephony the VoiceDSP operates in slave mode, where the control signals are provided by an external source. The codec interface is designed to exchange data in short frame format as well as in long frame format. The channel width may be either 8 bits (u-Law format or A-Law format), or 16 bits (linear format). In slave mode the clock may be divided by two, if required (two bit rate clock mode). The VoiceDSP support up to 2 voice channels, where the line should be connected as channel 0 (in master mode or in slave mode - depends on the configuration), and the speakerphone (speaker and microphone) should be connected as channel 1 or as channel 2, depends on the configuration (channel 1 and channel 2 are always connected as master). See "The Codec Interface" on page 1-13, for detailed description of the supported codec devices and the hardware connectivity. Use the CFG command to define the codec mode (master or slave), the data frame format (short or long), the channel width (8 bits or 16 bits), the clock bit rate (single or dual) and the number and type of codecs (one or two, single channel or dual channel). See "CFG Configure VoiceDSP config_value" on page 2-25.
2.3
ALGORITHM FEATURES
This section provides details of the VoiceDSP algorithms and their principle operation. It is divided into the following subjects:
* VCD (Voice Compression and Decompression) * DTMF Detection * Tone and Energy Detection (Call Progress) * Speakerphone * Speech Synthesis
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2.3.1
VCD (VOICE COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION)
The VoiceDSP processor implements a state of the art VCD algorithm of the CELP family. The algorithm provides 3 compression rates that can be selected dynamically (actually, the algorithm supports more compression rates). PCM recording (no compression) is also provided. The lowest compression rate of 5.3 Kbit/s enables about 30 minutes of recording on an 8-Mbit device (depending on the relative silence period). The mid-quality compression rate of 9.9 Kbit/s provides about 16 minutes of voice recording time. The highest compression rate of 16.8 Kbit/s, the highest quality recording, stores up to 10 minutes on a 8-Mbit device. For detailed information about recording times refer to table 1-5. Before recording each message, the microcontroller selects one of the three compression rates, or PCM recording, with the compression_rate parameter of the R (Record) command. During message playback the VoiceDSP processor reads this one byte parameter and selects the appropriate speech decompression algorithm. IVS vocabularies can be prepared in either of the three compression rates, or in PCM format, using the IVS tool. All messages in a single vocabulary must be recorded using the same algorithm. (See the IVS User's Guide for more details). During speech synthesis, the VoiceDSP processor automatically selects the appropriate speech decompression algorithm.
pression may be turned Off, though it is planned to remain On continuously. For more details refer to table 2-4 of the Command Description section.
NOTE The silence compression should be turned Off when ARAM devices are used for voice storage. Otherwise, unpredictable results are expected during message playback.
SW AGC
A SoftWare Automatic Gain Control (SW AGC) algorithm is activated with the compression module in order to regulate the input signal to a dynamic range that will provide higher compression quality. The algorithm senses the energy level and updates the signal gain in order to amplify low energy signals and to avoid signal saturation. The SW AGC feature eliminates the need for an external HW AGC, thus reducing hardware costs and complexity. Hardware Gain Control may be used to avoid signal saturation prior to sampling the signal. A tunable parameter determines the maximum allowed gain for the SW AGC algorithm. The SW AGC may be turned Off, though it is planned to remain On continuously. For more details refer to table 2-4 of the Command Description section.
VARIABLE SPEED PLAYBACK
This feature increases or decreases the speed of messages and synthesized messages during playback. Use the SPS (Set Playback Speed) to set the speed of message playback. The new speed applies to all recorded messages and synthesized messages (only if synthesized using IVS), until changed by another SPS command. If this command is issued while the VoiceDSP processor is in the PLAY state, the speed also changes for the message currently being played. The speedup / slowdown algorithm is designed to maintain the pitch of the original speech. This approach provides the same speech tone while playback speed varies.
SILENCE COMPRESSION
A Voice Activity Detector (VAD) is used in order to detect periods of silence during the compression of the recorded message. Silence is treated differently than normal voice by the compression algorithm. It is compressed to about 1.0 Kbit/ s. The compressed silence contains data that allows to generate comfort noise during message playback. The comfort noise generation is important because the human ear is not used to "real" silence while listening to messages. Various tunable parameters are available in order to optimally tune the VAD. The silence com-
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active throughout the operation of the VoiceDSP processor. Detection can be configured using the SDET (Set Detectors Mask) command, which controls the reporting of the occurrence of tones, and the RDET (Reset Detectors) command which resets the detectors. The accuracy of the tone length, as reported by the tone detectors, is 10 ms. DTMF detection may be reported at the starting point, ending point, or both. The report is made through the status word (for further details, see GSW command). For further details about tunable parameters refer to table 2-6 of the Command description section. The DTMF detector performance, as measured on the line input using an ISD-DS360-DAA board, is summarized below (see Table 2-1).
PCM RECORDING
The VoiceDSP is capable of recording data in PCM format (that is the original samples format either in 8 bits u-Law format, 8 bit A-law format or 16 bits linear format). The PCM data uses more storage space, but it provides the highest quality for OGM, music-on-hold or IVS data. The PCM recording may be selected as one of the available compression rates during the R command (compression_rate = 0). Silence Compression and variable Speed Playback are not feasible during PCM recording and playback since this feature skips the compression algorithm.
2.3.2
DTMF DETECTION
The VoiceDSP processor detects DTMF, which enables remote control operations. Detection is
Table 2-1: DTMF Detector Performance1
Play/IVS Synthesis Detection Sensitivity Accepted DTMF Length3 Frequency Tolerance S/N Ratio Minimum Spacing4 Performance depends on the message being played.2 >50 ms 1.5% 12 dB >50 ms 8 dB 4 dB or 8 dB Record/Idle -34 dBm >40 ms 1.5% 12 dB >45 ms 8 dB 4 dB or 8 dB
Normal Twist Reverse
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Twist5
Performance depends on the DAA design. For reliable DTMF detection: - A hardware echo-canceler, that attenuates the echo by at least 6 dBm, is required during playback. - The HW AGC, if present, must be disabled during playback. Performance with echo canceler is 10 dB better than without echo canceler. For a silent message, Detection sensitivity is -34 dBm, with echo canceler. Tune parameters 60 and 61 may improve DTMF detection sensitivity. for more details refer to the parameters description in Table 2-6. The accuracy of reported DTMF tones is 10 ms. If the interval between two consecutive identical DTMF tones is less than, or equal to, 20 ms, the two are detected as one long DTMF tone. If the interval between two consecutive identical DTMF tones is between 20 ms and 45 ms, separate detection is unpredictable. Determined by the DTMF_REV_TWIST tunable parameter value.
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DTMF SW AGC
In order to remove the linkage between the HW AGC and the detection level of the DTMF detector, two new tunable parameters are added. These tunable parameters define the gain of the SW AGC for DTMF signals. DTMF_DET_AGC_IDLE - SW AGC for DTMF detection in Idle and Record states. When incrementing this tunable by 1, the dynamic range is increased by 3 dB. DTMF_DET_AGC_PLAY - SW AGC for DTMF detection in Play and Tone_Generate states. When incrementing this tunable by 1, the dynamic range is increased by 3 dB.
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2.3.3
TONE AND ENERGY DETECTION (CALL PROGRESS)
The VoiceDSP processor detects busy and dial tones, constant energy level, and no-energy (VOX). This enables call progress tracking. Detection is active throughout the operation of the VoiceDSP processor. Detection can be configured using the SDET (Set Detectors Mask) command, which controls the reporting of the occurrence of tones, and the RDET (Reset Detectors) command which resets the detectors. The accuracy of the tone length, as reported by the tone detectors, is 10 ms.
TUNABLE PARAMETERS ECHO CANCELLATION
Echo cancellation is a technique used to improve the performance of DTMF detection during speech synthesis, tone generation, and OGM playback. For echo cancellation to work properly, HW AGC must not be active in parallel. Thus, to take advantage of echo cancellation, the microcontroller must control the HW AGC, if exists, (i.e., disable the HW AGC during PLAY, SYNTHESIS and TONE_GENERATE states and enable it again afterwards). If HW AGC can not be disabled, do not use echo cancellation. The microcontroller should use the CFG command to activate/deactivate echo cancellation.
NOTE Normally, a HW AGC is not required with The ISD-T360SB, since SW AGC is active for the VCD algorithm, DTMF detection and the speakerphone module.
Tunable parameters control the detection of busy and dial tones, constant energy level (in the frequency range 200-3400Hz), and no-energy. These parameters should be tuned to fit the system hardware. In addition, changes may be required to the tunable parameters according to the setting (On or Off) of the HW Automatic Gain Control (HW AGC), if exists. For more information refer to tables 2-7, 2-8 of the Command Description section.
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Figure 2-1: Busy and Dial-Tone Band-Pass Filter Frequency Response
0
-10
Magnitude dB
-20
-30
-40 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Frequency (Hz)
BUSY AND DIAL TONES
Busy and dial-tone detectors work with a bandpass filter that limits the frequency range in which tones can be detected to 0-1100Hz. Figure 1-1 shows the frequency response of this band-pass filter. The design of the busy-tone detector allows very high flexibility in detecting busy tones with varying cadences. The tunable parameters are divided into five sets: 1. Busy Tone On-time and Off-time Range Specification: BUSY_DET_MIN_ON_TIME BUSY_DET_MIN_OFF_TIME BUSY_DET_MAX_ON_TIME BUSY_DET_MAX_OFF_TIME 2. Busy Tone Cadence Control Specification BUSY_DET_VERIFY_COUNT BUSY_DET_TONE_TYPE BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD BUSY_DET_VERIFY_COUNT determines the number of On/Off cadences that detector should detect before reporting busy tone presence. BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD describes the maximum allowed difference between two compared On or Off periods, as de3.
termined by the BUSY_DET_TONE_TYPE tunable parameter. BUSY_DET_TONE_TYPE specifies the type of cadences that are supported. Legal values are: Two cadences only Three cadences only Both two and three cadences. The acceptance criteria for two cadences: [E1-E3] < BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD and [S1-S3] < BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD The acceptance cadences: criteria for three
[E1-E4] < BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD and [S1-S4] < BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESHOLD Busy and Dial Tone Energy Thresholds TONE_DET_ON_ENERGY THRESHOLD TONE_DET_OFF_ENERGY THRESHOLD 4. Busy Detection Time BUSY_DET_MIN_TIME
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Figure 2-2: Busy-Tone Detector--Default Cadence Specification
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E1
E2
E3
S1 [E1
S2
S3
- E3] < 100 ms [S1 - S3] < 100 ms 100 < Ei < 1680 ms 70 < Si < 1220 ms 2.3.4 FULL-DUPLEX SPEAKERPHONE
CONSTANT ENERGY
The constant-energy detector reports the presence of constant energy in the range 200Hz to 3400Hz. It is intended to detect both white and pink noise and can be used to detect line disconnection during recording. It is recommend to use the constant energy mechanism in conjunction with the no-energy (VOX) mechanism. The following tunable parameters control the operation of the constant-energy detector: CONST_NRG_DET_TIME_COUNT CONST_NRG_DET_TOLERANCE_TIME CONST_NRG_DET_LOW_THRESHOLD CONST_NRG_DET_HIGH_THRESHOLD
The speakerphone feature lets the user communicate through a telephone line, using the unit's speaker and the microphone instead of its handset. The speakerphone processes signals sent from the line to the speaker, and from the microphone to the line. It also performs the necessary switching, attenuation and echo cancellation on the signals present on the line/speaker. The ISD-T360SB speakerphone is simple to use; it requires no special hardware or training for the echo cancelers. The gain control is fully digital, which eliminates the need for analog gain control hardware. The speakerphone features two types of echoes, the electrical echo (line or circuit) and the acoustic echo. The electrical echo is a result of an imperfect impedance match between the 4to 2-wire interface (hybrid) and the line impedance. The electrical echo, relatively short term, has a transfer function that varies slowly. The second echo, the acoustic echo, is a line impedance returning from the speaker to the microphone. This echo is relatively long term, and its transfer function may vary quite quickly if anyone, or anything, moves in the room. Both echoes must be canceled to achieve a highquality hands-free system. For more details of the speakerphone tunable parameters refer to table 2-9 of the Command Description section.
NO ENERGY (VOX)
The no-energy detector reports when the energy in the frequency range 200Hz to 3400Hz remains below a preprogrammed threshold for a preprogrammed time-out. A programmable tolerance is allowed. It is recommend to use the no-energy (VOX) mechanism in conjunction with the constant-energy mechanism. The following tunable parameters control the operation of the no-energy (VOX) mechanism: VOX_DET_ENERGY_THRESHOLD VOX_DET_TIME_COUNT VOX_DET_TOLERANCE_TIME
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Hold
During Hold mode interrupts from both codecs are stopped. Neither side can hear each other.
SPEAKERPHONE TERMINOLOGY
Send Path
The signal path from the microphone (near-end speaker) to the line (far-end listener). The microphone is the input port, and line-out is the output port of this signal path.
Restart
In Restart mode the speakerphone re-initializes itself to the last speakerphone mode (full-duplex, transparent or mute). This mode should be used to resume the speakerphone operation after Hold mode or when there is a significant change in the environmental conditions (e.g., parallel pickup) that may affect the speakerphone quality.
Receive Path
The signal path from the line (far-end speaker) to the loudspeaker (near-end listener). The line-in is the input port, and the speaker is the output port for this signal path.
AEC
Acoustic Echo Controller. The part in the speakerphone algorithm that controls the echo in the sendpath.
Transparent
While in Transparent mode, the speakerphone works in full-duplex mode but without echo cancellation. Samples from the microphone are transferred to the line, and samples from the line are transferred to the speaker, with no processing. This mode should be used only for tuning and testing the system.
EEC
Electric Echo Controller. The part in the speakerphone algorithm that controls the echo in the receive path.
Listen
SPEAKERPHONE MODES OF OPERATION
In Listen mode the line is audible on the speaker, and the processor tone detectors are active. During Listen mode, dialing with the GT command and call progress is possible, since the busy and dial tone detectors are active.
Full-Duplex (ON)
The speakerphone works in full-duplex mode, meaning both parties can speak and hear each other simultaneously. In this mode both the acoustic and electric echo controllers are active. The VoiceDSP processor tone detectors are not active in this mode.
The following pseudo-code demonstrates how to make a call from speakerphone mode:
Mute
In this mode of operation, the speakerphone generates silence to the line. The near-end listener can hear the far-end speaker but not vice versa. Tone detectors are not active.
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Figure 2-3: Speakerphone Pseudo Code Representation
2--SOFTWARE
while () { EV = wait_event() case EV of: skpr_button_pressed: if (speakerphone_on) { SSM 0 // Put VoiceDSP in idle mode first_digit = TRUE deactivate_digit_timeout_event() else SSM 1 // Put VoiceDSP in full-duplex speakerphone mode digit_pressed: if (first_digit) { SSM 4 // Enter LISTEN mode first_digit = FALSE } GT // Dial the digit S // Stop. Note that after the S command // the VoiceDSP is still in speakerphone mode enable_digit_timeout_event() // To "guess" when dialing is completed. digit_timeout_event: SSM 1 // Dialing is completed, Go back to full-duplex mode deactivate_digit_timeout_event() }
2.3.5
SPEECH SYNTHESIS
INTERNATIONAL VOCABULARY SUPPORT (IVS)
IVS is a mechanism by which the VoiceDSP processor utilizes several vocabularies stored on an external storage device. IVS enables the ISDT360SB to synthesize messages with the same meaning, but in different languages, from separate vocabularies.
Speech synthesis is the technology used to create messages out of predefined words and phrases stored in a vocabulary. There are two kinds of predefined messages: fixed messages (voice menus in a voice-mail system) and programmable messages (time-andday stamp, or the You have n messages announcement in a DTAD). A vocabulary includes a set of predefined words and phrases, needed to synthesize messages in any language. Applications which support more than one language require a separate vocabulary for each language.
IVS Features
* Multiple vocabularies stored on a single storage device. * Plug-and-play. The same microcontroller code is used for all languages. * Synthesized and recorded messages use the same voice compression algorithm to achieve equal quality. * Argumented sentences. (For example: You have messages.)
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have twenty-two messages. To solve this problem, words that are pronounced differently should be recorded more than once, each in the correct pronunciation.
* Auto-synthesized time-and-day stamp (driven by the VoiceDSP processor's clock). * Support for various language and sentence structures: - One versus many. (For example: You have one message versus You have two messages.) - None versus many. (For example: You have no messages versus You have two messages.) - Number synthesis (English--Eighty versus French--Quatre-vingt). - Word order (English--Twenty-one versus German--Einundzwanzig). - Days of the week (Monday through Sunday versus Sunday through Saturday).
Vocabulary Recording
When recording vocabulary words, there is a compromise between space and quality. On one hand, the words should be recorded and saved in a compressed form, and you would like to use the best voice compression for that purpose. On the other hand, the higher the compression rate, the worse the voice quality. Another issue to consider is the difference in voice quality between synthesized and recorded messages (e.g., between time-and-day stamp and ICMs in a DTAD environment). It is more pleasant to the human ear to hear both messages have the same sound quality.
VOCABULARY DESIGN
There are several issues, sometimes conflicting, which must be addressed when designing a vocabulary.
Vocabulary Access
Sometimes compactness and high quality are not enough. There should be a simple and flexible interface to access the vocabulary elements. Not just the vocabulary but the code to access the vocabulary should be compact. When designing for a multi-lingual environment, there are even more issues to consider. Each vocabulary should be able to handle languagespecific structures and designed in a cooperative way with the other vocabularies so that the code to access each vocabulary is the same. When you use the command to synthesize the sentence Monday. 12:30 P.M., you should not care in what language it is going to be played back.
Vocabulary Content
If memory space is not an issue, the vocabulary could contain all the required sentences, each recorded separately. If memory space is a concern, the vocabulary must be compact; it should contain the minimum set of words and phrases required to synthesize all the sentences. The least memory is used when phrases and words that are common to more than one sentence are recorded only once, and the IVS tool is used to synthesize sentences out of them. A good combination of sentence quality and memory space is achieved if you take the "compact" approach, and extend it to solve pronunciation problems. For example, the word twenty is pronounced differently when used in the sentences You have twenty messages and You
IVS VOCABULARY COMPONENTS
This section describes the basic concept of an IVS vocabulary, its components, and the relationships between them.
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Basic Concepts
An IVS vocabulary consists of words, sentences, and special codes that control the behavior of the algorithm which VoiceDSP processor uses to synthesize sentences.
2--SOFTWARE
Word Table
The words are the basic units in the vocabulary. Create synthesized sentences by combining words in the vocabulary. Each word in the vocabulary is given an index which identifies it in the word table. Note that, depending on the language structures and sentences synthesized, you may need to record some words more than once in the vocabulary. For example, if you synthesize the sentences: you have twenty messages and you have twenty-five messages, the word twenty is pronounced differently. They should, therefore, be defined as two different words.
table is to make the microcontroller that drives the VoiceDSP processor independent of the language being synthesized. For example, if the Flash and/or ROM memory contain vocabularies in various languages, and the first sentence in each vocabulary means you have n messages, the microcontroller switches languages by issuing the following command to VoiceDSP processor:
SV , -Select a new vocabulary
The microcontroller software is thus independent of the grammar of the language in use. The sentences consist of words, which are represented by their indices in the vocabulary.
Sentence 0
All sentences but one are user defined. The VoiceDSP processor treats the first sentence in the sentence table (sentence 0) specially, to support time-and-day stamp. The processor assumes that the sentence is designed for both system time, and message time-and-day stamp announcement, and has one argument which is interpreted as follows: 0 1 System time is announced The time-and-day stamp of the current message is announced.
Number Tables
The number tables allow you to treat numbers differently depending on the context. Example 1: The number 1 can be announced as one as in message number one or as first as in first message. Example 2: The number 0 can be announced as no as in you have no messages or as oh as in monday, eight oh five A.M. A separate number table is required for each particular type of use. The number table contains the indices of the words in the vocabulary that are used to synthesize the number. Up to nine number tables can be included in a vocabulary.
Example 1: When the microcontroller sends the command: SAS 0, 0 The system time and day is announced. Example 2: When the microcontroller sends the command: SAS 0, 1 The current message time-and-day stamp is announced. The following Figure 2-4 shows the interrelationship between the three types of tables.
Sentence Table
The sentence table describes the predefined sentences in the vocabulary. The purpose of this
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Figure 2-4: The Interrelationship between the Word, the Number, and the Sentence Tables
Sentence Table You have OPT_NUMBER CONTROL_SING MESSAGES five Word Table
twenty
You have messages message
Number Table
Control and Option Codes
The list of word indices alone cannot provide the entire range of sentences that the VoiceDSP processor is able to synthesize. IVS control and option codes send special instructions to control the speech synthesis algorithm's behavior in the processor. For example, if the sentence should announce the time of day, the VoiceDSP processor should be able to substitute the current day and time in the sentence. These control words do not represent recorded words, rather they instruct the processor to take special actions.
IVS Compiler
The IVS compiler runs on MS-DOS (version 5.0 or later) and enables you to insert your own vocabulary, (i.e., basic words and data used to create numbers and sentences, as directories and files in MS-DOS). The IVS compiler then outputs a binary file containing that vocabulary. In turn, this information can be burned into an EPROM or Flash memory to be used by the VoiceDSP software.
NOTE The IVS data cannot be stored in EPROM when semi-parallel Flash is used (Samsung or Toshiba).
THE IVS TOOL
The IVS tool includes two utilities: 1. 2. The DOS-based IVS Compiler IVSTOOL for Windows. A Windows 3.1/95 based utility
IVS Voice Compression
Each IVS vocabulary can be compiled with either the 5.3 Kbit/s, the 9.9 Kbit/s or the 16.8Kbit/s voice compression algorithm, or in PCM format. Define the compression rate before compilation. The VoiceDSP processor automatically selects the required voice decompression algorithm when the SV command chooses the active vocabulary.
The tools help create vocabularies for the VoiceDSP processor. They take you from designing the vocabulary structure, through defining the vocabulary sentences, to recording the vocabulary words.
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
The IVS package includes a Windows utility to assist the vocabulary designer to synthesize sentences. With this utility, you can both compose sentences and listen to them. 3.
2--SOFTWARE
Record the words using any standard PC sound card and sound editing software, that can create .wav files. Run the IVS compiler to compress the .wav files, and compile them and the vocabulary tables into an IVS vocabulary file. Repeat steps 1 to 4 to create a separate IVS vocabulary for each language that you want to use. Burn the IVS vocabulary files into a ROM (or Flash memory) device. Use the INJ (Inject IVS) command to program the data into a Flash device.
The IVS data cannot be stored in EPROM when semi-parallel Flash is used (Samsung or Toshiba).
4.
HOW TO USE THE IVS TOOL WITH THE VOICEDSP PROCESSOR
The IVS tool creates IVS vocabularies, and stores them as a binary file. This file is burnt into a ROM device or programmed into a Flash memory device using the INJ (Inject IVS) command. The VoiceDSP processor SO (Say One Word) command is used to select the required vocabulary. The SW (Say Words), SO, SS (Say Sentence) and SAS (Say Argumented Sentence) commands are used to synthesize the required word or sentence. The typical vocabulary-creation process is as follows: 1. 2. Design the vocabulary. Create the vocabulary files (as described in detail below). Use VISTULA for Windows 3.1/95 to simplify this process.
5.
6.
NOTE
Once the vocabulary is in place, the speech synthesis commands of the VoiceDSP processor can be used to synthesize sentences. Figure 2-5 shows the vocabulary-creation process for a single table on a ROM or Flash memory device.
Figure 2-5: Creation of an IVS Vocabulary
.wav File Editor .wav Files Compressed Files (.vcd) PC + Sound Card Number Tables IVS Compiler INJ IVS Vocabulary Command Files
Sentence Table IVSTOOL for Windows .ini File ROM Programmer ROM Flash
Editor
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VOICEDSP PROCESSOR COMMANDS--QUICK REFERENCE TABLE
Table 2-2: Speech Commands
Opcode Hex
34 01 33 26 2B 0A 0B 02
Command Description Name
CCIO CFG CMSG CMT CVOC DM DMS GCFG
Source State
RESET, IDLE RESET IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE RESET, IDLE
S/A
S S S S S S S S
Result State
No change No change MSG_OPEN No change No change No change No change No change
Command Parameters Description
Config_value Config_value Tag, Num_of_ blocks Time_length None None Tag_ref, Tag_mask None
Return Value Description
None None None None Test result None None Version
Bytes
1 3 2+2 2 2+2 -
Bytes
1 1
Configure Codec I/O Configure VoiceDSP Create Message Cut Message Tail Check Vocabulary Delete Message Delete Messages Get Configuration Value Get Error Word Get Information item Get Length Get Memory Status Get Message Tag Get Number of Messages Get Status Word Generate Tone
GEW GI
S S
1B 25
All states
No change
None Item
1
Error word Item value
2 2
PLAY, RECORD, No change SYNTHESIS, TONE_ GENERATE, IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE IDLE All states IDLE No change No change No change No change No change TONE_ GENERATE No change No change No change IDLE No change No change PLAY
GL GMS GMT GNM GSW GT
S S S S S A
19 12 04 11 14 0D
None None None Tag_ref, Tag_mask None Tone (single Tone or DTMF) Time_day_ option Tag_ref, Tag_mask,Dir Index None N, byte1...byten None None
2+2 1
Message length Recording time left Message tag Number of messages Status word None
2 2 2 2 2 -
GTD GTM GTUNE INIT INJ MR P
S S S S S S A
Get Time and Day Get Tagged Message Get Tunable Parameter Initialize System Inject IVS data Memory Reset Playback
0E 09 06 13 29 2A 03
IDLE IDLE IDLE, RESET RESET, IDLE IDLE RESET, IDLE IDLE
1 2+2+1 1 4+n -
Time and day Message found Parameter_ value None None None None
2 1 2 -
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Table 2-2: Speech Commands (Continued)
Command Description Name
PA
2--SOFTWARE
S/A
S
Opcode Hex
1C
Source State
Result State
Command Parameters Description
None
Return Value Description
None
Bytes
-
Bytes
-
Pause
PLAY, RECORD, No change SYNTHESIS, TONE_GENERATE, IDLE* IDLE IDLE No change RECORD
PDM R
S A
Go To PowerDown Mode Record Message
1A 0C
None Tag (message Tag), Compression_ rate Detectors_ reset_mask None
2+1
None None
-
RDET RES
S S
Reset Detectors Resume
2C 1D
IDLE
No change
1 -
None None
-
PLAY, RECORD, No change SYNTHESIS, TONE_GENERATE IDLE* IDLE, MSG_OPEN MSG_OPEN All states but RESET IDLE IDLE SYNTHESIS
RMSG S SAS
S S A
Read Message Stop Say Argumented Sentence Skip Backward Set Detectors Mask Skip to End of Message Set Time and Day Skip Forward Set Message Pointer Set Message Tag Say One Word Set Playback Speed Say Sentence
32 00 1E
None None Sentence_n, Arg Time_length Detectors_ mask None Time_and_ day Time_length Num_of_ pages Message_tag Word_number Speed Sentence_n
1+1
Data None None
32 -
SB SDET SE SETD SF SMSG SMT SO SPS SS
S S S S S S S A S A
23 10 24 0F 22 30 05 07 16 1F
PLAY, IDLE* IDLE PLAY, IDLE* IDLE PLAY, IDLE*
No change No change No change No change No change
2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
None None None None None None None None None None
-
IDLE, MSG_OPEN MSG_OPEN IDLE IDLE PLAY, SYNTHESIS, IDLE IDLE No change SYNTHESIS No change SYNTHESIS
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Table 2-2: Speech Commands (Continued)
Command Description Name SV S/A S Set Vocabulary Type Say Words
Opcode Hex 20
Source State IDLE
Result State
Command Parameters Description Bytes 1+1
Return Value Description None Bytes -
No change Type, Id
SW
A
21
IDLE
SYNTHESIS
N, word1...word
n
1+N
None
-
TUNE
S
Tune Parameters Volume Control
15
IDLE, RESET
No change Index, Parameter_ value
1+2
None
-
VC
S
28
PLAY, No change Vol_level SYNTHESIS, IDLE, (increment/ TONE_GENERAT decrement) E IDLE, MSG_OPEN MSG_OPEN Data
1
None
-
WMSG
S
Write Message
31
32
None
-
NOTE:
* Command is valid in IDLE state, but has no effect. S = Synchronous command A= Asynchronous command
Table 2-3: Speakerphone Commands
Command Description Name S/A GEW GSW GT S S A Get Error Word Get Status Word Generate Tone Reset Detectors Stop Set Detectors Mask Set Speakerphon e Mode Volume Control Opcode Hex 1B 14 0D Source State Result State Command Parameters Description None None Tone (Single Tone or DTMF) Detectors_res et_mask None Detectors_ mask Mode Bytes 1 Return Value Description Error word Status word None Bytes 2 2 -
TONE_GENERAT No E, IDLE change TONE_GENERAT No E, IDLE change IDLE TONE_GE NERATE No change
RDET S SDET SSM
S S S S
2C 00 10 2F
IDLE
1 1 1
None None None None
-
TONE_GENERAT IDLE E, IDLE IDLE IDLE No change No change
VC
S
28
TONE_GENERAT No E, IDLE change
Vol_level (increment/ decrement)
1
None
-
NOTE:
* Command is valid in IDLE state, but has no effect. S = Synchronous command A = Asynchronous command
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2.5
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
The commands are listed in alphabetical order. The execution time for all commands, when specified, includes the time required for the microcontroller to retrieve the return value, where appropriate. The execution time does not include the protocol timing overhead, i.e., the execution times are measured from the moment that the command is detected as valid until the command is fully executed.
NOTE: Each command description includes an example application of the command. The examples show the opcode issued by the microcontroller and the response returned by the VoiceDSP processor. For commands which require a return value from the processor, the start of the return value is indicated by a thick vertical line.
CCIO
Configure Codec I/O config_value
Configures the voice sample paths in various states. It should be used to change the default VoiceDSP processor configuration. It is relevant only when two codecs are used and speakerphonr is connected. The config_value parameter is encoded as follows:
Bit 0
Loopback control. 0 1 Loopback disabled (default). Loopback enabled. In the RECORD state, the input samples are echoed back, unchanged (i.e., no volume control), to the same codec.
Bit 1
Codec input control. 0 1 Input is received via the line codec (default). Input is received via the speakerphone codec.
Bits 2-3
Codec output control. 00 In PLAY, IDLE, SYNTHESIS and TONE_GENERATE states, output is to both codecs. In RECORD state, output is to the non-input codec (no volume control). If the loopback control bit is set, output in RECORD state is to both codecs as well (default). Output in all states is to the line codec. Output in all states is to the speakerphone codec. Output in all states is to both codecs.
01 10 11
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Bits 4-7
Reserved.
Example
CCIO 01
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Enable loopback
34 34 01 01
CFG
Configure VoiceDSP config_value
Configures the VoiceDSP processor in various hardware environments. It should be used to change the default processor configuration. The config_value parameter is encoded as follows:
Bits 0-3
Memory type. 0000 No Memory (default). 0001 A/DRAM. 0010 Reserved. 0011 Toshiba Serial Flash. 0100 Samsung Semi-Parallel Flash. 0101 Toshiba Semi-Parallel Flash. 0110 Reserved. 0111 Reserved.
Bits 4-5
Number of installed memory devices. 00 01 10 11 1 (Default) 2 3 4
Bit 6-14
Reserved.
Bit 15
Echo Cancellation Control (for DTMF Detection). 0 1 Echo cancellation off (default). Echo cancellation is on during playback.
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Echo cancellation improves the performance of DTMF detection during playback. Echo cancellation can be turned on only with a system that can disable HW AGC (if present) during playback. A system featuring HW AGC, that cannot be controlled by the microcontroller (i.e., disabled or enabled), must not turn on this bit.
Bit 16
Clock bit rate (in Slave Mode only). 0 1 One bit rate clock (default). Two bit rate clock.
Bit 17
Codec configuration. 0 1 Short-frame format (default). Long-frame format (guaranteed by design but not tested).
Bits 18-19
Codec type. 00 01 10 16-bit linear (default). -Law. A-Law.
Bit 20
Codec interface mode. 0 1 Master codec interface (default). Slave codec interface.
Bits 21-22
Number and type of codecs 00 01 10 11 One single codec (default). Two single codecs. One dual codec. Reserved.
The codecs should be connected as follows: Telephone line or equivalent - always connected as channel 0. Speaker and microphone - connected as channel 1 in case of one dual codec (not applicable in slave mode), connected as channel 2 in case of two single codecs.
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Bit 23
Reserved.
Example
CFG 144013
Byte sequence: Description:
01 14 40 13 Microcontroller 01 14 40 13 VoiceDSP Configure the VoiceDSP to work with: Single codec in Slave Mode and A-Law compressed samples. Data in Short Frame format and Single Bit Rate interface. Two Serial Toshiba Flash devices. Echo Cancellation for DTMF detectiopn is On.
CMSG
Create Message tag num_of_blocks
Creates a new message with a message tag tag, allocates num_of_blocks 4-Kbytes blocks for the new message, and sets the message pointer to the beginning of the message data. CMSG switches the VoiceDSP processor to the MSG_OPEN state. The memory space available for the message data is computed as follows: (127 x num_of_blocks - 2) x 32 bytes. Once a message is open (the processor is in the MSG_OPEN state), the message pointer can be set to any position on a page (32 bytes) boundary within the message with the SMSG command. Modify the message contents with the WMSG command, and read with the RMSG command. The microcontroller must issue an S command to close the message and switch the VoiceDSP processor to the IDLE state. If the memory is full, EV_MEMFULL is set in the status word and no message is created. If the memory is not full but there is insufficient memory and the processor cannot allocate more memory space, EV_MEMLOW is set in the status word and no message is created.
Example
CMSG 0101 0001
Byte sequence: Description:
33 01 01 00 Microcontroller 01 33 01 01 00 VoiceDSP 01 Create a new message with a tag=0101, and allocate 1 block (4 Kbytes) for its data.
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ISD-T360SB CMT Cut Message Tail time_length
2--SOFTWARE
Cut time_length units, in 10 ms segments, off the end of the current message. The maximum value of time_length is 6550. In case of silence, cut-time accuracy is 0.1 to 0.2 seconds (depends on compression rate).
NOTE If time_length is longer than the total duration of the message, the EV_NORMAL_END event is set in the status word and the message becomes empty but not deleted. Use the DM (Delete Message), or DMS (Delete Messages), command to delete the message. A compressed frame represents 21 ms of speech, thus the minimum meaningful parameter is 3, (i.e., a 30 ms cut). CMT 1 or CMT 2 have no effect.The CMT command can not be used on data messages
Example
CMT 02BC
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Cut the last seven seconds of the current message.
26 26 02 02 BC BC
CVOC
Check Vocabulary
Checks (checksum) if the IVS data was correctly programmed to the ROM or Flash device. If the vocabulary data is correct the return value is 1. Otherwise the return value is 0. If the current vocabulary is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
CVOC
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Check the current vocabulary. The VoiceDSP processor responds that the vocabulary is OK.
2B 2B AA 01
DM
Delete Message
Deletes the current message. Deleting a message clears its message tag. Deleting the current message does not cause a different message to become current. The current message is undefined. If, for example, you issue the GTM command to skip to the next message, the first message that is newer than the just deleted message is selected as the current message. The memory space released by the deleted message is immediately available for recording new messages.
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Example
DM
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Delete current message.
0A 0A
DMS
Delete Messages tag_ref tag_mask
Deletes all messages whose message tags match the tag_ref parameter. Only bits set in tag_mask are compared i.e., a match is considered successful if:
message tag and tag_mask = tag_ref and tag_mask
where and is a bitwise AND operation. After the command completes execution, the current message is undefined. Use the GTM command to select a message to be the current message. The memory space released by the deleted message is immediately available for recording new messages.
Example
DMS FFC2 003F
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
0B 0B FF FF C2 C2 00 00 3F 3F
Delete all old incoming messages from mailbox Number 2 in a system where the message tag is encoded as follows: Bits 0-2: mailbox ID 8 mailboxes indexed: 0 to 7 Bit 3: new/old message indicator 0--Message is old 1--Message is new Bits 4-5: message type 00--ICM/memo 01--OGM 10--Call transfer message Bits 6-15: not used
Note: the description of the tag is an example only. All bits of the tag are user-definable.
GCFG
Get Configuration Value
Returns a sequence of one byte with the following information:
Bits 0-7
Magic number, which specifies the VoiceDSP firmware version.
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Example
2--SOFTWARE
GCFG
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Get the VoiceDSP processor magic number. The VoiceDSP processor responds that it is Version 1.
02 02 AA 01
GEW
Get Error Word
Returns the 2-byte error word.
ERROR WORD
The 16-bit error word indicates errors that occurred during execution of the last command. If an error is detected, the command is not processed; the EV_ERROR bit in the status word is set to 1, and the MWRQST signal is activated (set to 0). The GEW command reads the error word. The error word is cleared during reset and after execution of the GEW command. If errors ERR_COMMAND or ERR_PARAM occur during the execution of a command that has a return value, the return value is undefined. The microcontroller must still read the return value, to ensure proper synchronization.
15 Res 9 8 Res 7 ERR_ INVALID 6 ERR_ TIMEOUT 5 ERR_ COMM 4 Res 3 ERR_ PARAM 2 ERR_ COMMAND 1 ERR_ OPCODE 0 Res
The bits of the error word are used as follows:
ERR_OPCODE
Illegal opcode. The VoiceDSP processor does not recognize the opcode.
ERR_COMMAND
Illegal command sequence. The command is not legal in the current state.
ERR_PARAM
Illegal parameter. The value of the parameter is out of range, or is not appropriate for the command.
ERR_COMM
Microcontroller MICROWIRE communication error.
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ERR_TIMEOUT
Time-out error. Depending on the VoiceDSP processor's state, more than 100 milliseconds elapsed between the arrival of two consecutive bytes (for commands that have parameters).
ERR_INVALID
Command can not be performed in current context.
Example
GEW
Byte sequence: Description:
1B AA AA Microcontroller 1B 00 02 VoiceDSP Get the VoiceDSP processor error word (typically sent after GSW when EV_ERROR is reported in the status word). The VoiceDSP processor responds: ERR_OPCODE:
GI
Get Information item
Returns the 16-bit value specified by item from one of the internal registers of the VoiceDSP processor. item may be one of the following: 0 The duration of the last detected DTMF tone, in 10 ms units. The return value is meaningful only if DTMF detection is enabled, and the status word shows that a DTMF tone was detected. The duration of the last detected busy tone in 10 ms units. The energy level of the samples in the last 10 ms. The energy level of the samples, in the last 10 ms, that are in the frequency range described in Figure 2-1. The return value is meaningful only if one of the tone detectors is enabled (bits 0,1 of the detectors mask; see the description of SDET command).
1 2 3
The return value is unpredictable for any other value of item.
Example
GI 0 Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller 25 VoiceDSP 25 Get the duration of the last detected DTMF tone. The VoiceDSP processor responds: 60 ms.
00 00 AA 00 AA 06
ISD
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ISD-T360SB GL Get Length
2--SOFTWARE
Returns the length of the current message in multiples of 4 Kbytes (blocks). The returned value includes the message directory information (64 bytes for the first block and 32bytes for every other block), the message data, and the entire last block of the message, even if the message occupies only a portion of the last block. Since a memory block includes 4096 bytes, the returned length may be bigger than the actual message length by up to 4095 bytes. The minimum length of a message is one block.
Example
GL
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Get the length of the current message. The VoiceDSP processor responds: 4 i.e., the message occupies 16384 (4 * 4096) bytes.
19 19 AA 00 AA 04
GMS
Get Memory Status
Returns the total remaining memory blocks as a 16bit unsigned integer. The estimated remaining recording time may be calculated as follows: Time = (Num_of_blocks x 4096 x 8) / ( Compression_rate x 1000) This estimate assumes no silence compression: a real recording may be longer, according to the amount of silence detected and compressed.
Example
GMS
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Return the remaining memory blocks. The VoiceDSP responds: 40 blocks.
12 12 AA 00 AA 28
GMT
Get Message Tag
Returns the 16-bit tag associated with the current message. If the current message is undefined, ERR_VALID is reported.
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Example
GMT
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
04 04 AA 00 AA 0E
Get the current message tag. In a system where the message tag is encoded as described in the DMS command, the VoiceDSP processor return value indicates that the message is a new ICM in mailbox Number 6.
GNM
Get Number of Messages tag_ref tag_mask
Returns the number of messages whose message tags match the tag_ref parameter. Only bits set in tag_mask are compared, a match is considered successful if:
message tag and tag_mask = tag_ref and tag_mask
where and is a bitwise AND operation. The tag_ref and tag_mask parameters are each two bytes; the return value is also two bytes long. See "Message Tag" on page 2-3 for a description of message-tag encoding. If tag_mask = 0, the total number of all existing messages is returned, regardless of the tag_ref value.
Example
GNM FFFE 0003
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller
11 11 FF FF FE FE 00 00 03 03 AA 00 AA 05 VoiceDSP Get the number of messages which have bit 0 cleared, and bit 1 set, in their message tags. VoiceDSP processor responds that there are five messages which satisfy the request.
GSW
Get Status Word
Returns the 2-byte status word.
STATUS WORD
The VoiceDSP processor has a 16-bit status word to indicate events that occur during normal operation. The VoiceDSP processor asserts the MWRQST signal (clears to 0), to indicate a change in the status word. This signal remains active until the VoiceDSP processor receives a GSW command. The status word is cleared during reset, and upon a successful GSW command.
15 EV_ DTMF 14 EV_ RESET 13 EV_ VOX 12 EV_ CONST_ NRG 11 Res 10 EV_ MEMLOW 9 EV_ DIALTONE 8 EV_ BUSY 7 EV_ ERROR 6 EV_ MEMFULL 5 EV_ NORMAL_ END 4 EV_ DTMF_ END 3 0 EV_ DTMF_ DIGIT
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
The bits in the status word are used as follows:
2--SOFTWARE
EV_DTMF_DIGIT
DTMF digit. A value indicating a detected DTMF digit. (See the description of DTMF code in the GT command.)
EV_DTMF_END
1 = Ended detection of a DTMF tone. The detected digit is held in EV_DTMF_DIGIT.
EV_NORMAL_END
1 = Normal completion of operation, e.g., end of message playback.
EV_MEMFULL
1 = Memory is full.
EV_ERROR
1 = Error detected in the last command. You must issue the GEW command to return the error code and clear the error condition.
EV_BUSY
1 = Busy tone detected. Use this indicator for call progress and line disconnection.
EV_DIALTONE
1 = Dial tone detected. Use this indicator for call progress and line disconnection.
EV_MEMLOW
1 = Not enough memory. (See CMSG command for further details.)
EV_CONST_NRG
1 = A period of constant energy was detected. Use this indicator for line disconnection. (See CONST_NRG_TIME_COUNT in Table 2-8.)
EV_VOX
1 = A period of silence (no energy) was detected on the telephone line. Use this indicator for line disconnection. (See VOX_TIME_COUNT in Table 2-8.)
EV_RESET
When the VoiceDSP processor completes its power-up sequence and enters the RESET state, this bit is set to 1, and the MWRQST signal is activated (cleared to 0). Normally, this bit changes to 0 after performing the INIT command. If this bit is set during normal operation of the VoiceDSP processor, it indicates an internal VoiceDSP processor error. The microcontroller can recover from such an error by reinitializing the system.
EV_DTMF
1 = Started detection of a DTMF tone.
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Example
GSW
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
14 14 AA 00 AA 40
Get the VoiceDSP processor Status Word (typically sent after the MMRQST signal is asserted by the VoiceDSP processor which indicates a change in the status word). The VoiceDSP processor responds that the memory is full.
GT
Generate Tone tone
Generates the tone specified by the 1-byte tone parameter. The VoiceDSP state changes to TONE_GENERATE. The tone generation continues until an S command is received. A DTMF or a single frequency tone may be generated as shown:
To generate a DTMF encode the bits as follows:
Bit 0
1
Bits 1-4
DTMF code. Where the DTMF code is encoded as follows: Value (Hex)DTMF Digit 0 to 90 to 9 AA B* C# DB EC FD
Bits 5-7
0
To generate a single frequency tone encode the bits as follows:
Bit 0
0
Bits 1-5
3-30 The value in bits 1-5 is multiplied by 100 to generate the required frequency (300Hz-3000Hz).
ISD
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Bits 6-7
0
2--SOFTWARE
The VoiceDSP processor does not check for the validity of the tone specification. Invalid specification yields unpredictable results.
Example
GT 20
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Generate a single-frequency 1600Hz tone.
0D 0D 20 20
GTD
0 1
Get Time and Day time_day_option
Get the system time and day. Get the current message time-and-day stamp.
Returns the time and day as a 2-byte value. time_day_option may be one of the following:
Any other time_day_option returns the time-and-day stamp of the current message. Time and day are encoded as follows:
Bits 0-2
Day of the week (1 through 7).
Bits 3-7
Hour of the day (0 through 23).
Bits 8-13
Minute of the hour (0 through 59).
Bits 14-15
00 11
NOTE
The time was not set before the current message was recorded. The time was set, i.e., the SETD (Set Time of Day) command was executed.
If the current message is undefined, and time_day_option is 1, an ERR_INVALID error is reported.
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Example
GTD 1
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
0E 0E 01 01 AA E8 AA 29
Get the current message time-and-day stamp. The VoiceDSP processor responds that the message was created on the first day of the week at 5:40 A.M. The return value also indicates that the SETD command was used to set the system time and day before the message was recorded.
Note: If the SAS command is used to announce the time-and-day stamp, "Monday" is announced as the first day of the week. For an external vocabulary, the announcement depends on the vocabulary definition (See the IVS User's Manual for more details).
GTM
Get Tagged Message tag_ref tag_mask dir
Selects the current message, according to instructions in dir, to be the first, nth next or nth previous message which complies with the equation:
message tag and tag_mask = tag_ref and tag_mask.
where and is a bitwise AND operation.
dir is one of the following:
0 -128 n -n Selects the first (oldest) message. Selects the last (newest) message. Selects the nth next message starting from the current message. Selects the nth previous message starting from the current message.
To select the nth message with a given tag to be the current message you must first select the first message that complies with the above equation, and then issue another GTM command with n - 1 as a parameter, to skip to the nth message.
NOTE To select the nth, or -nth, message with a given tag to be the current message you must first select the first message (dir=0), or the last message (dir=-128), that complies with the above equation, and then issue another GTM command with n-1 (for next message), or -n+1 (for previous message), as a parameter, to skip to the nth, or -nth, message respectively. \f a message is found, it becomes the current message and 1 (TRUE) is returned. If no message is found, the current message remains unchanged and 0 (FALSE) is returned. If dir is not 0, and the current message is undefined the return value is unpredictable. After the command execution the current message may either remain undefined or changed to any existing message. The only exception is when the GTM command is executed just after the DM command. (See the DM command for further details.) To access the nth message, when n > 127, a sequence of GTM commands is required.
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
Example
GTM FFCE 003F 0
Byte sequence: Description:
2--SOFTWARE
09 FF CE 00 3F 00 AA Microcontroller 09 FF CE 00 3F 00 01 VoiceDSP Select the oldest of the new ICMs, in mailbox number 6, to be the current message, for a system where the message tag is encoded as described in the example for the DMS command. The VoiceDSP processor returns a value indicates that there is such a message. The following pseudo-code demonstrates how to play all new ICMs in mailbox number 6. The messages are marked as old after being played:
Return_val = GTM(FFCE, 003F, 00) /*Get the oldest message with the defined tag*/ While (ReturnVal == TRUE) Begin P() /* Play */ Message_tag = GMT() /* Get message tag */ SMT(FFF7) /* Mark the message as `old' */ GTM(FFCE, 003F 01) /* Get next message with the same tag */ , End
GTUNE
Get Tune index
Gets the value of the tunable parameter identified by index (one byte) as the 2-byte value, parameter_value. This command may be used to read and identify the parameter value that was set to tune the VoiceDSP. If index does not point to a valid tunable parameter, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word. The GTUNE command may be used in IDLE state or RESET state. If TUNE command was not used to set the tunable parameters, then the GTUNE command will read the default parameter value.
Tables 2-4 to 2-11 describe the tunable parameters, their index numbers and their default values.
Example
GTUNE 17
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Get the minimum period for busy detection ComactSPEECH responds: 700 (7 seconds).
06 06 17 17 AA 02 AA BC
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ISD-T360SB Initialize System
INIT
Execute this command after the VoiceDSP processor has been configured (see CFG command). INIT performs a soft reset of the VoiceDSP as follows:
* Initializes the message directory information. * Messages are not deleted. To delete the messages, use the DM and DMS commands. * Sets the detectors mask to 0. * Sets the volume level that is controlled by the VC command, to 0. * Sets the playback speed to normal (0). * Switches to the IDLE state. * Initializes the tone detectors.
The current message is undefined after INIT execution. The tunable parameters are not affected by this command. They are set to their default values only during RESET.
Example
INIT
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Initialize the VoiceDSP processor.
13 13
INJ
Inject IVS Data n byte1. . . byten
Injects vocabulary data of size n bytes to good Flash blocks. This command programs Flash devices, on a production line, with IVS vocabulary data. It is optimized for speed; all VoiceDSP processor detectors are suspended during execution of the command. Use the CVOC command to check whether programming was successful. If there is not enough memory space for the vocabulary data, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word, and execution stops. Flash blocks that include IVS data can not be used for recording, even if only one byte of the block contains IVS data (e.g., if the vocabulary size is 4K + 100 bytes, two blocks of the Flash are not available for message recording).
Example
INJ 00000080 Data
Byte sequence: Description:
29 Microcontroller 29 VoiceDSP Inject 128 bytes of vocabulary data. 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 80 Vocabulary Data Echo of Data
ISD
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ISD-T360SB MR Memory Reset
2--SOFTWARE
Erases all memory blocks and initializes the VoiceDSP processor (does exactly what the INIT command does). Bad blocks, and blocks which are used for IVS vocabularies, are not erased. This command can be issued in either RESET or IDLE states.
NOTE When Memory Reset is used in RESET state, it must be issued after the CFG command is issued, or the memory type and number of devices are not defined. In this case the result is unpredictable.
NOTE
The command erases all messages and should be used with care.
Example
MR
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Erase all memory blocks.
2A 2A
P
Playback
Begins playback of the current message. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to PLAY. When playback is complete, the VoiceDSP processor sets the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word, and activates (clears to 0) the MWRQST signal. The state then changes to IDLE. Playback can be paused with the PA command, and can be resumed later with the RES command. Playback can be stopped with the S command. If the current message is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
P
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Play the current message.
03 03
PA
Pause
Suspends the execution of the current GT, P, R, SAS, SO, SW, or SS command. The PA command does not change the state of the VoiceDSP processor; execution can be resumed with the RES command.
NOTE DTMF and tone detectors remain active during Pause.
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Example
PA
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Suspend playback of current message.
1C 1C
PDM
Go To Power-Down Mode
Switches the VoiceDSP processor to power-down mode (see "POWER-DOWN MODE" on page 1-4 for details). Sending any command while in power-down mode resets the processor detectors, and returns it to normal operation mode.
NOTE If an event report is pending (MWRQST is active) and not processed by the microcontroller prior to issuing the PDM command, the event is lost.
Example
PDM
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Put the VoiceDSP processor in power-down mode.
1A 1A
R
Record tag compression_rate
Records a new message with message tag tag and compression rate compression_rate. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to RECORD. The R command continues execution until stopped by the S command. Recording can be paused with the PA command, and can be resumed later with the RES command. If the memory becomes full, recording stops and EV_MEMFULL is set in the status word. See "Message Tag" on page 2-3 for a description of message-tag encoding. The compression rate may be defined as 0 for PCM recording or either 1, 3, 6 for compression rates 5.3 Kbits/sec, 9.9 Kbits/sec, 16.8 Kbits/sec respectively. See " VCD" on page 2-10 for a description of the compression algorithm.
NOTE A time-and-day stamp is automatically attached to each message. Before using the R command for the first time, use the SETD command. Failure to do so results in undefined values for the time-andday stamp.
Example of a typical recording session:
* (ICM) The microcontroller detects the first ring. * (ICM, OGM, memo) The microcontroller sends the R command.
ISD
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Example
R 000E 03
Byte sequence: Description:
2--SOFTWARE
0C 00 0E 03 Microcontroller 0C 00 0E 03 VoiceDSP Record a new ICM in mailbox Number 6 in a system where the message tag is encoded as described in the example of the DMS command. The compression rate is defined as 9.9 Kbits/sec.
RDET
Reset Detectors detectors_reset_mask
Resets the VoiceDSP processor tone and energy detectors according to the value of the detectors_reset_mask parameter. A bit set to 1 in the mask, resets the corresponding detector. A bit cleared to 0 is ignored. The 1-byte detectors_reset_mask is encoded as follows:
Bit 0
Reset the busy and dial tone detectors.
Bits 1-3
Reserved. Must be cleared to 0.
Bit 4
Reset the constant energy detector.
Bit 5
Reset the no energy (VOX) detector.
Bit 6
Reset the DTMF detector.
Bit 7
Reserved. Must be cleared to 0.
Example
RDET 20
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Reset the VOX detector.
2C 2C 20 20
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ISD-T360SB Resume
RES
Resumes the activity that was suspended by the PA, SB, or SF commands.
Example
RES
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Resume playback which was suspended by either the PA, SF or SB command.
1D 1D
RMSG
Read Message
Returns 32 bytes of data from the current position of the message pointer, and advances the message pointer by 32 bytes. If the VoiceDSP processor was in the IDLE state, the command opens the current message, switches the VoiceDSP processor to the MSG_OPEN state, sets the message pointer to the beginning of the message data, and returns the 32 bytes of data. The microcontroller must issue an S command to close the message, and switch the VoiceDSP processor to the IDLE state. If the current message is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported. Trying to read beyond the end of the message sets the EV_NORMAL_END event, and the VoiceDSP processor switches to the IDLE state. In this case, the return value is undefined and should be ignored.
Example
RMSG
Byte sequence: Description:
AA AA Microcontroller 32 VoiceDSP 32 32 bytes of data Read 32 bytes from the current message memory. ...
S
Stop
Stops execution of the current command and switches the VoiceDSP processor to the IDLE state. S may be used to stop the execution of CMSG, SMSG, WMSG, RMSG and all asynchronous commands.
Example
S
Byte sequence: Description:
00 Microcontroller 00 VoiceDSP Stop current activity (e.g., playback, recording) and change the VoiceDSP processor to IDLE state.
ISD
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ISD-T360SB SAS Say Argumented Sentence sentence_n arg
2--SOFTWARE
Announces sentence number sentence_n of the currently selected vocabulary, and passes arg. sentence_n and arg are each 1-byte long. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to SYNTHESIS. When playing is complete, the VoiceDSP processor sets the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word, and activates the MWRQST signal. The state then changes to IDLE. If the current vocabulary is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SAS 00 03
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller
1E 00 03 1E 00 03 VoiceDSP Announce the first sentence in the sentence table of the currently selected vocabulary with `3' as the actual parameter.
SB
Skip Backward time_length
Skips backward in the current message time_length units, in 0.2 second segments, and pauses message playback. The RES command must be issue to continue playback. time_length is a 2-byte parameter that can have any value up to 320 (64 seconds). The skip accuracy is five percent. SB is meaningful only in the PLAY state. If the beginning of the message is detected during the execution of the SB command, execution terminates, the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status register sets, the MWRQST signal activates, and the processor switches to the IDLE state. If time_length is greater than 320, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word. Playback speed does not affect the behavior of this command.
Example
SB 0019
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller
23 00 19 23 00 19 VoiceDSP Skip backwards five seconds from the current position in the message being played.
SDET
Set Detectors Mask detectors_mask
Controls the reporting of detection of tones and energy detectors according to the value of the detectors_mask parameter. A bit set to 1 in the mask, enables the reporting of the corresponding detector. A bit cleared to 0 disables the reporting. Disabling reporting of a detector does not stop or reset the detector. The 1-byte detectors_mask is encoded as follows:
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Bit 0
Report detection of a busy tone.
Bit 1
Report detection of a dial tone.
Bit 2-3
Reserved. Must be cleared to 0.
Bit 4
Report detection of a constant energy.
Bit 5
Report detection of no energy (VOX) on the line.
Bit 6
Report the ending of a detected DTMF.
Bit 7
Report the start of a detected DTMF (up to 40 ms after detection start).
Example
SDET A3
10 Byte sequence: Microcontroller 10 VoiceDSP Description: Set reporting of all VoiceDSP processor detectors, except for end-of-DTMF. B3 B3
SE
Skip to End of Message
This command is valid only in the PLAY state. When invoked, playback is suspended (as for the PA command), and a jump to the end of the message is performed. Playback remains suspended after the jump.
Example
SE
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Skip to end of current message.
24 24
ISD
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ISD-T360SB SETD Set Time and Day time_and_day
2--SOFTWARE
Sets the system time and day as specified by the 2-bytes time_and_day parameter. The time_and_day parameter is encoded as follows:
Bits 0-2
Day of the week (1 through 7).
Bits 3-7
Hour of the day (0 through 23).
Bits 8-13
Minute of the hour (0 through 59).
Bits 14-15
Must be set to 1.
If time_and_day value is not valid, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word.
Example
SETD DE09
Byte sequence: Description:
0F DE 09 Microcontroller 0F DE 09 VoiceDSP Set time and day to Monday 1.30 A.M. (where Monday is the first day of the week)
SF
Skip Forward time_length
Skips forward in the current message time_length units, in 0.2 second segments, and causes message playback to pause. The RES command must be issue to continue playback. time_length is a 2-byte parameter that can have any value up to 320 (64 seconds). The skip accuracy is five percent. This command is meaningful only in the PLAY state. The RES command must be issue to continue playback. If the end of the message is detected during execution of SF, execution of the command is terminated the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word is set, the MWRQST signal is activated and the processor switches to the IDLE state. If time_length is greater than 320, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word. Playback speed does not affect the behavior of this command.
Example
SF 0019
Byte sequence: Description:
22 00 19 Microcontroller 22 00 19 VoiceDSP Skip forward five seconds from the current position in the message being played.
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ISD-T360SB Set Message Pointer num_of_pages
SMSG
Sets the message pointer to num_of_pages x 32 bytes from the beginning of the current message data. If the VoiceDSP processor was in the IDLE state, the command opens the current message and switches the VoiceDSP processor to the MSG_OPEN state. The microcontroller must issue an S command to close the message, and switch the VoiceDSP processor to the IDLE state. If num_of_pages x 32 is greater than the message length, EV_NORMAL_END is set in the status word, the message pointer is set to the end of the message, and the VoiceDSP processor switches to the IDLE state. If the current message is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SMSG 000A
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
30 30 00 00 0A 0A
Set the message pointer to 10 pages (320 bytes) from the beginning of the current message data.
SMT
Set Message Tag message_tag
Sets the tag of the current message. The 2-byte message_tag can be used to implement mailbox functions by including the mailbox number in the tag, or to handle old and new messages differently by using one bit in the tag to mark the message as old or new. See "Message Tag" on page 2-3. To change the message tag, you should first get the tag using the GMT command, read the tag, modify it, and write it back.
NOTE Message tag bits can only be cleared. Message tag bits are set only when a message is first created. If the current message is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SMT FFF7
Byte sequence: Description:
05 FF F7 Microcontroller 05 FF F7 VoiceDSP Mark the current message as old in a system where the message tag is encoded as described in the example of the DMS command.
Note that the VoiceDSP processor ignores bits in the tag which are set to 1; only bit 3 is modified in the message tag.
ISD
2-47
ISD-T360SB SO Say One Word word_number
2--SOFTWARE
Plays the word number word_number in the current vocabulary. The 1-byte word_number may be any value from 0 through the index of the last word in the vocabulary. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to SYNTHESIS. When playback of the selected word has been completed, the VoiceDSP processor sets the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word, and activates the MWRQST signal. The state then changes to IDLE. If word_number is not defined in the current vocabulary, or if it is an IVS control or option code, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word. If the current vocabulary is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SO 00
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller
07 07 00 00
VoiceDSP Announce the first word in the word table of the currently selected vocabulary.
SPS
Set Playback Speed speed
Sets the speed of message playback as specified by speed. The new speed applies to all recorded messages and synthesized messages (only if synthesized using IVS), until changed by another SPS command. If this command is issued while the VoiceDSP processor is in the PLAY state, the speed also changes for the message currently being played. Speed may be one of 13 values, from -6 to +6. A value of 0 represents normal speed.
NOTE A negative speed value represents an increase in speed, a positive value represents a decrease in speed.
NOTE
The playback speed control is not applicable when the stored messages or the IVS data are not compressed (Stored in PCM format).
The change in speed is approximate, and depends on the recorded data. In any case, if i < j, playback speed with parameter i is the same or faster than with parameter j. If speed is not in the -6 to +6 range, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word.
Example
SPS FB
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Set playback speed to -5.
16 16 FB FB
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ISD-T360SB Say Sentence sentence_n
SS
Say sentence number sentence_n of the currently selected vocabulary. sentence_n is 1-byte long. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to SYNTHESIS. If the sentence has an argument, 0 is passed as the value for this argument. When playing has been completed, the VoiceDSP processor sets the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word, and activates the MWRQST signal. The state then changes to IDLE. If sentence_n is not defined in the current vocabulary, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word. If the current vocabulary is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SS 00
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
1F 1F 00 00
Announce the first sentence in the sentence table of the currently selected vocabulary.
SSM
Set Speakerphone Mode mode
Sets the speakerphone to the mode mode of operation. The command is valid when the VoiceDSP processor is in IDLE state. mode can be one of: 0 1 OFF ON Deactivate the speakerphone, and return the VoiceDSP processor to normal operation mode. Put the VoiceDSP processor in speakerphone mode and activate speakerphone in full-duplex mode i.e., with full cancellation of both the acoustic and the electrical echoes. Tone detectors are not active. Gains in the Send and Receive paths are set by the relevant tunable parameters.
2 3
TRANSPARENT Activate the speakerphone with no echo cancellation (this mode is used for system tuning). MUTE Activate the speakerphone, while generating silence to the line. The near-end-listener can hear the far-end-speaker, but not vice versa. Tone detectors are not active. The line is audible on the speaker. Tone detectors are active. This mode is used for call generation.
4 5 6
LISTEN Reserved. RESTART
Restart the current speakerphone mode. This mode differs from ON; it does not require full initialization of the speakerphone. It should be used to resume the speakerphone operation after HOLD mode or to adjust to an environment change (e.g., parallel pickup). Stop the codec interrupts. Neither side can hear each other.
7
HOLD
See "Full-duplex Speakerphone" on page 2-14 for more details.
ISD
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2--SOFTWARE
NOTE
Only commands that are specified in Table 2-3, are active during all speakerphone modes (other than 0).
Example
SSM 01
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller 2F 01 VoiceDSP 2F 01 Put the VoiceDSP processor into Speakerphone mode, and set the speakerphone to full-duplex mode.
SV
Set Vocabulary Type type id
Selects the vocabulary table to be used for voice synthesis. The vocabulary type is set according to the 1-byte type parameter: 0 1 2 3-7 For compatibility only. External vocabulary in ROM. External vocabulary in Flash. Reserved.
The host is responsible for selecting the current vocabulary, with SV command, before using an SAS, SO, SS or SW command. Each external vocabulary table has a unique id which is part of the vocabulary internal header (See the IVS User's Guide for more details). If type is 1 or 2, the VoiceDSP processor searches for the one byte id parameter in each vocabulary table header until a match is found. If the id parameter does not point to a valid IVS vocabulary, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word.
Example
SV 02 03 Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP
20 20 02 02 03 03
Select the vocabulary with vocabulary-id 3, which resides on a Flash, as the current vocabulary.
SW
Say Words n word1. . . wordn
Plays n words, indexed by word1 to wordn. The VoiceDSP processor state changes to SYNTHESIS. On completion, the EV_NORMAL_END bit in the status word is set, and the MWRQST signal goes low. The state then changes to IDLE. If one of the words is not defined in the current vocabulary, or if it is an IVS control or option code, or if n > 8, ERR_PARAM is reported.
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE
ISD-T360SB
If the current vocabulary is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
SW 02 00 00
Byte sequence: Description:
21 02 00 00 Microcontroller 21 02 00 00 VoiceDSP Announce the first word, in the word table of the currently selected vocabulary, twice.
TUNE
Tune index parameter_value
Sets the value of the tunable parameter identified by index (one byte) to the 2-byte value, parameter_value. This command may be used to tune the DSP algorithms to a specific Data Access Arrangement (DAA) interface, or to change other parameters. If you do not use TUNE, the VoiceDSP processor uses default values. If index does not point to a valid tunable parameter, ERR_PARAM is set in the error word.
NOTE The tunable parameters are assigned with their default values on application of power. The INIT command does not affect these parameters.
The following tables 2-4 to 2-11 describe the tunable parameters, their index numbers and their default values, grouped by their functionality.
Table 2-4: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Voice Compression and Decompression (VCD)
Index 4 Parameter Name Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_SIL_THRESHOLD Description Prevents speech from being interpreted as silence. The silence detection algorithm has an adaptive threshold, which is changed according to the noise level. This parameter is, therefore, only the initial threshold level. Legal values: 9216 to 13824 in 512 (6 dB) steps. Defines the adaptive threshold changes step. If this threshold is too low, the threshold converges too slowly. If it is too high, silence detection is too sensitive to any noise. Legal values: 3 to 48. The minimum time period for speech detection, during silence. As this threshold increases, the time period interpreted as silence increases. If this threshold is too low, a burst of noise is detected as speech. If it is too high, words may be partially cut off. Legal values: 1 to 3. Default 11264
5
Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_SIL_THRESHOLD_ST EP Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_SIL_BURST_THRESH OLD
12
6
2
ISD
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2--SOFTWARE
Table 2-4: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Voice Compression and Decompression (VCD)
Index 7 Parameter Name Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_SIL_HANG_THRESH OLD Description The minimum time period for silence detection, during speech. As this threshold increases, the time period interpreted as silence decreases. If this threshold is too low, words may be partially cut off. If it is too high, no silence is detected. Legal values: 8 to 31. Silence compression control. 0 turns silence compression off. Note: Silence compression must be turned off when using ARAM for voice storage. Otherwise the playback quality is unpredictable. Determines the energy level used to synthesize silence. For the default value, the energy levels of the synthesized silence and the recorded silence are the same. If you divide (multiply) the default value by two, the synthesized silence is 6 dB less (more) than the level of the recorded silence. Legal values: 1024 to 16384. SW AGC control. 0 turns SW AGC off. Determines the maximum gain that the SW AGC algorithm may use. Legal values: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 Note: Value 0 means the the maximum gain is defined by the algorithm. Default 15
8
Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_SIL_ENABLE
1
9
Voice Activity Detection (VAD): VAD_ENERGY_FACTOR
8192
70
SW Automatic Gain Control (SW AGC): SWAGC_ENABLE SW Automatic Gain Control (SW AGC): SWAGC_FACTOR
1
11
128
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE Table 2-5: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Tone Generation and Message Playback
Index 27 Parameter Name Description
ISD-T360SB
Default
DTMF Generation: A one-byte value that controls the twist level of a DTMF tone, 66 DTMF_GEN_TWIST_LEVEL generated by the GT command, by controlling the energy level of each of the two tones (low frequency and high frequency) composing the DTMF tone. The Least Significant Nibble (LSN) controls the low tone and the Most Significant Nibble (MSN) controls the high tone. The energy level of each tone, as measured at the output of a TP3054 codec (before the DAA) connected to the VoiceDSP processor is summarized in the following table: Nibble Value Tone Energy (dB-Volts) 0 0 1 -17.8 2 -14.3 3 -12.9 4 -12.4 5 -12.0 6 -11.9 7 -11.85 8..15 -11.85 The volume of the generated DTMF tone during measurements was 6. (TONE_GEN_LEVEL+VOL_LEVEL = 6). For the default level, the high tone is -14.3 dBV and the low tone is -12.4 dBV, which gives a DTMF twist level of 1.9 dB. The energy level of a single generated tone is the level of the low tone. Tone Generation: TONE_GEN_LEVEL Controls the energy level at which DTMF and other tones are generated. Each unit represents 3 dB. The default level is the reference level. For example, if you set this parameter to 4, the energy level is 6 dB less than the default level. The actual output level is the sum of TONE_GEN_LEVEL and the VOL_LEVEL variable, controlled by the VC command. The tones are distorted when the level is set too high. Legal values: 0 TONE_GEN_LEVEL + VOL_LEVEL 12. Controls the energy during playback and external voice synthesis. Each unit represents 3 dB. The default level is the reference level. For example, if you set this parameter to 4, the energy level is 6 dB less than the default level. The actual output level is the sum of VCD_LEVEL and the VOL_LEVEL variable, controlled by the VC command. Speech is distorted when the level is set too high. Legal values: 0 VCD_PLAY_LEVEL + VOL_LEVEL 12. 6
16
21
VCD Playback and Voice Synthesis: VCD_PLAY_LEVEL
6
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
Table 2-6: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: DTMF Detection
Index 17 Parameter Name Energy Level: DTMF_DET_MIN_ENERG Y Echo Canceler: DTMF_DET_ECHO_DELA Y Twist Level: DTMF_DET_REV_TWIST Description
2--SOFTWARE
Default 32
Minimum energy level at which DTMF tones are detected. If you divide (multiply) the value by 2, the detection sensitivity decreases (increases) by 3 dB. Legal values: 8 to 4096 The near-echo delay in samples. The sampling rate is 8000Hz (i.e., 125 ms per sample). Legal values: 0 to 16. Controls the reverse twist level at which the VoiceDSP processor detects DTMF tones. While the normal twist is set at 8 dB, the reverse twist can be either 4 dB (default) or 8 dB (if this parameter is set to 1). SW AGC for DTMF in idle/record modes. When incrementing the tunable by 1, the dynamic range is increased by 3 dB. Legal values: 0 to 5. Software AGC for play mode and tone generation modes. When incrementing the tunable by 1, the dynamic range increases by 3 dB. Legal values: 0 to 16.
24
4
26
0
60
SW AGC: DTMF_DET_AGC_IDLE SW AGC: DTMF_DET_AGC_PLAY
0
61
3
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE Table 2-7: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Tone Detection
Index 18 Parameter Name Description
ISD-T360SB
Default
Dial Tone: Controls the duration of a tone before it is reported as a dial 700 TONE_DET_TIME_COUNT tone, in 10 msec units. The accuracy of the constant is 10 ms. Legal values: 0 to 65535. Busy and Dial Tone: TONE_DET_ON_ENERGY _ THRESHOLD Minimum energy level at which busy and dial tones are detected as ON (after 700Hz filtering). If you divide (multiply) the value by 2 you get about 3 dB decrease (increase) in the threshold. The mapping between energy level and the parameter value is as follows (measured on the codec output when a 400Hz tone was injected to the codec input): Tunable value Energy threshold (dB-Volts) 10 -31.8 20 -28.6 100 -21.7 500 -14.7 8000 -2.5 Legal values: 0 to 65535. Maximum energy level at which busy and dial tones are detected as OFF (after 700Hz filtering). If you divide (multiply) the value by 2 you get about 3 dB decrease (increase) in the threshold. The mapping between energy level and the parameter value is the same as for TONE_ON_ENERGY_THRESHOLD Legal values: 0 to 65535. Minimum time period for busy detection, in 10 ms units. The accuracy of the constant is 10 ms. Legal values: 0 to 65535. Minimum period considered as On period for busy tone detection. Note that for weak signals: (-30 dB and below) the maximum value is 12 (i.e., 120 ms minimum detection time). Unit: 10 ms. Accuracy is 20 ms. Legal values: 10 to 1000. 160
19
20
Busy and Dial Tone: TONE_DET_OFF_ENERGY _ THRESHOLD
110
23
Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_MIN_TIME Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_MIN_ON_TIM E
600
53
10
54
Busy Tone: Maximum period considered as On for busy-tone detection. BUSY_DET_MAX_ON_TIM Unit: 10 ms. Accuracy is 20 ms. E Legal values: 10 to 1000.
168
ISD
2-55
ISD-T360SB
Table 2-7: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Tone Detection
Index 55 Parameter Name Description
2--SOFTWARE
Default 7
Busy Tone: Minimum period considered as Off for busy-tone detection. BUSY_DET_MIN_OFF_TIM Unit: 10 ms. Accuracy is 20 ms. E Legal values: 5 to 1000. Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_MAX_OFF_TI ME Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_VERIFY_COU NT Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_TONE_TYPE Maximum period considered as On for busy-tone detection. Unit: 10 ms. Accuracy is 20 ms. Legal values: 5 to 1000. Number of On/Off cadences that must be detected prior to reporting busy-tone presence. Legal values: 9 to 127. Specifies the type of busy tone to detect: 1 --Two cadences 2 --Three cadences 3 --Both two and three cadences The maximum allowed difference between two compared On or Off periods. Unit: 10 ms. Legal values: 0 to 1000.
56
122
57
9
58
1
59
Busy Tone: BUSY_DET_DIFF_THRESH OLD
9
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE
ISD-T360SB
Table 2-8: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Energy Detection
Index 10 Parameter Name Description Default 12
Silence (VOX): This parameter determines the minimum energy level at VOX_DET_ENERGY_THRE which voice is detected. Below this level, it is interpreted as SHOLD silence. Legal values: 1 to 32767. Silence (VOX): VOX_DET_TIME_COUNT This parameter, in units of 10 ms, determines the period of silence before the VoiceDSP processor reports silence. The accuracy of the constant is 10 ms. Legal values: 0 to 65535.
12
700
22
Silence (VOX): Controls the maximum energy-period, in 10 ms units, that does VOX_DET_TOLERANCE_T NOT reset the vox detector. IME Legal values: 0 to 255. Constant Energy: Minimum elapsed time until the VoiceDSP processor reports CONST_NRG_DET_TIME_ constant energy level. Units: 10 ms. Accuracy: 10 ms Legal values: 1 to 65534 COUNT Constant Energy: CONST_NRG_DET_ TOLERANCE_TIME Constant Energy: CONST_NRG_DET_LOW _ THRESHOLD Constant Energy: CONST_NRG_DET_HIGH _ THRESHOLD Variations in constant energy, up to this time, do not reset the constant energy detector. Units: 10 ms. Legal values: 0 to 255
3
47
700
48
5
49
Determines the minimum energy level that is treated as 1 constant energy. The minimum energy is calculated as follows: (1--1/2CONST_NRG_DET_LOW_THRESHOLD) * average_energy Legal values: 1 to 16 Determines the maximum energy level that is treated as constant energy. The maximum energy is calculated as follows: (1 + 1/2CONST_NRG_DET_HIGH_THRESHOLD ) * average_energy Legal values: 0 to 16 1
50
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
2--SOFTWARE
Table 2-9: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Speakerphone
Index 31 Parameter Name Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_PRIORITY_BIAS Description Controls the bias in priority between the Send and Receive paths. If send priority-bias is preferred, the value should be greater than zero. For no priority bias, the value should be zero. For priority bias for the Receive path, the value should be negative. Steps are 3 dB each (e.g., +3 is 9 dB bias for the Send path, -2 is 6 dB bias for the Receive path). Legal values: -4 to 4. This parameter limits the acoustic return loss. Its value (SP_AEC_COUPLING_LOSS_THRESHOLD / 32767) is compared with the RMS value of Sout divided by the RMS value of Rin, during a single-talk event. The loop gain is decreased, if necessary, to control the TCL level. For SP_AEC_COUPLING_LOSS_THRESHOLD = 32767 this loop is disabled. Legal values: 0 to 32767. Controls the speakerphone gain from the microphone to the line-out. The total attenuation, or gain, depends on both of the analog gains and this value. The gain is: K * signal where: K = SP_AEC_LR_LEVEL/4096. Legal values: 0 to 16000. Specifies the positive peak-value at which the analog circuit of the line-out saturates. Codec analog full scale corresponds to LAW full scale values after expansion.Assume that positive saturation occurs at amplitudes higher than those of a sine wave at X [dBm0]. The SP_AEC_CLIP_POS value is set as: SP_AEC_CLIP_POS = 32636 * 10((X - 3.17)/20) Note: a sine wave with amplitude 4 * 8159 = 32636 corresponds to 3.17 dBm0. Example: For X = -6.2761 dBm0, the value is: SP_AEC_CLIP_POS = 32636 * 10((-6.2761- 3.17)/20) = 0.3371 * 32636 =11000; Legal values: 0 to 32767. Specifies the negative peak value at which the analog circuit of the line-out saturates. Codec analog full scale corresponds to LAW full scale values after expansion.The value of SP_AEC_CLIP_NEG is set as shown for SP_AEC_CLIP_POS, above. Legal values: -32768 to 0. Default 0
32
Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_COUPLING_ LOSS_THRESHOLD
2047
34
Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_LR_LEVEL
14000
36
Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_CLIP_POS
16000
37
Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_CLIP_NEG
-16000
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Table 2-9: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Speakerphone
Index 40
Parameter Name Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_ENABLE Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_VOX_HYST
Description Enables/disables the acoustic echo controller. Legal values: 0 (disable), 1 (enable). Controls the hysteresis in near-talker detection. (The speakerphone state machine has a built-in hysteresis mechanism to prevent fluctuations in the talker identification process i.e., identifying the active side.) The value of this parameter is a dimensionless number, which should be evaluated during the tuning process for specific hardware. Larger values for the parameter correspond to a wider hysteresis loop. Negative values increase the probability that the state machine remains in the last state. Legal values: -127 to 127.
Default 1
43
10
45
Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC): SP_AEC_DTD_TH
Controls the sensitivity of the system. Low values correspond to 73 high sensitivity, with a greater false alarm probability (i.e., an echo is considered a real talker). High values correspond to low sensitivity, with slower switching. This parameter is affected by the loop gain and the specific hardware characteristics. Legal values: 0 to 127. Controls the speakerphone gain from the line-in to the speaker. The total attenuation, or gain, depends on both of the analog gains and this value. The gain is: K * signal where: K = (SP_EEC_LR_LEVEL/4096) * (2(6 + VOL_LEVEL)/2) Legal values: 0 to 400. 281
35
Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_LR_LEVEL
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
Table 2-9: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Speakerphone
Index 38 Parameter Name Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_CLIP_POS Description
2--SOFTWARE
Default 16000
Specifies the positive peak value at which the analog circuit of the speaker saturates. Codec analog full scale corresponds to LAW full scale values after expansion. The value of SP_EEC_CLIP_POS is set as shown for SP_AEC_CLIP_POS, above. Legal values: 0 to 32767. Specifies the negative peak value at which the analog circuit of the line-out saturates. Codec analog full scale corresponds to LAW full scale values after expansion. The value of SP_EEC_CLIP_NEG is set as shown for SP_AEC_CLIP_POS, above. Legal values: -32768 to 0. Enables/disables the electrical echo controller. Legal values: 0 (disable), 1 (enable). Controls the hysteresis in far-talker detection. (The speakerphone state machine has a built-in hysteresis mechanism to prevent fluctuations in the talker identification process i.e., identifying the active side.) The value of this parameter is a dimensionless number, which should be evaluated during the tuning process for specific hardware. Larger values for the parameter correspond to a wider hysteresis loop. Negative values increase the probability that the state machine remains in the last state. Legal values: -127 to 127.
39
Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_CLIP_NEG
-16000
41
Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_ENABLE Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_VOX_HYST
1
44
10
46
Electric Echo Canceler (EEC): SP_EEC_DTD_TH
Controls the sensitivity of the system. Low values correspond to 82 high sensitivity, with a greater false alarm probability (i.e., an echo is considered a real talker). High values correspond to low sensitivity, with slower switching. This parameter is affected by the loop gain and the specific hardware characteristics. Legal values: 0 to 127. Controls the maximum attenuation level of the speakerphone suppressors. It affects the speakerphone stability and its subjective quality. The maximum attenuation is calculated according to: SP_BLOCK_LEVEL/228 Legal values: 550 to 32000. Controls the energy level at which DTMF, and other tones, are generated to the line (codec 0) while the speakerphone is active. Each unit represents 3 dB. Legal values: 0 SP_TONE_GEN_LEVEL 10. Note: the energy level at which the tones are generated to the speaker (codec 1) while the speakerphone is active, is controlled by the TONE_GEN_LEVEL tunable parameter and the vol_level. 10922
33
Attenuation: SP_BLOCK_LEVEL
42
Tone Generation: SP_TONE_GEN_ LEVEL
6
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE Table 2-10: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Memory Support
Index 62 Parameter Name Description
ISD-T360SB
Default 128
Memory Device Size: Defines the nubber of blocks (each block is of 4096 bytes) in NUM_OF_BLOCKS_IN_M every memory device (Flash or ARAM/DRAM). The number EM and type of connected devices are defined by the CFG command.
Flash Device Size (Mbits) Number of Blocks Value 4 128 8 256 16 512 ARAM/DRAM Device Size (Mbits) Number of Blocks Value 16 508
63 Memory Size for Testing Defines the nubber of blocks (each block is of 4096 bytes) in NUM_OF_BLOCKS_FOR_ every memory device (Flash or ARAM/DRAM) for production TEST line testing purposes. The number should be small to minimize testing time during the production sequence. However, the number of blocks should be larger than the number of expected bad blocks in the memory device. In case of value=0, no productiontest is performed. In any case other than value= 0, the number of blocks is defined by the parameter value, and a production testing cycle is performed after RESET. Legal values: 0 to 128. Note: If power fails during production testing cycle, the memory status is unpredicted. The memory device should be replaced and the production test should be repeated. ARAM Quality Level: MAX_DEFECT_NIBBLES_I N_BLOCK 0
64
Defines the maximum allowed bad nibbles in ARAM block 0 (each block is of 8192 nibbles). A nibble (4 bits) is considered bad if any bit is defected. If the number of bad nibbles in a block exceeds the maximum allowed value, the block is marked as bad block and is not used for voice storage. Legal values: 0 to 255.
ISD
2-61
ISD-T360SB
Table 2-11: TUNABLE PARAMETERS: Codec Support (Samples)
Index 65 Parameter Name Channel 0 Delay: CFRD0 Channel 1 Delay: CFRD1 Channel 2 Delay: CFRD2 Frame Synch Delay: CFSD Data Valiid Delay: CFET Description
2--SOFTWARE
Default 1
The delay of codec channel 0 from Frame Synch 0 (CFS0) to start of valid data. Legal values: 0 to 255 The delay of codec channel 1 from Frame Synch 0 (CFS0) to start of valid data. Legal values: 0 to 255 The delay of codec channel 2 from Frame Synch 0 (CFS0) to start of valid data. Legal values: 0 to 255
66
10
67
10
68 69
The delay of Frame Synch 1 (CFS1) from Frame Synch 0 (CFS0). 10 Legal values: 0 to 255 The delay between Frame Synch 0 (CFS0) to end of valid data 18 of all channels. Legal values: 0 to 255
Example
TUNE 17 02BC
Byte sequence: Description:
15 17 Microcontroller 15 17 VoiceDSP Set the minimum period for busy detection to 700 (7 seconds). 02 02 BC BC
VC
Volume Control vol_level
Controls the energy level of all the output generators (playback, tone generation, and voice synthesis), with one command. The resolution is 3 dB. The actual output level is composed of the tunable level variable, plus the vol_level. The valid range for the actual output level of each output generator is defined in Table 2-5. For example, if the tunable variable VCD_LEVEL (parameter number 21) is 6, and vol_level is -2, then the output level equals VCD_LEVEL + vol_level = 4.
Example
VC 04
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller VoiceDSP Set the volume level to VCD_LEVEL + 4.
28 28 04 04
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
2--SOFTWARE
ISD-T360SB Write Message data
WMSG
Writes 32 bytes of data to the current position of the message pointer, and advances the message pointer by 32 bytes. If the VoiceDSP processor is in the IDLE state, the command opens the current message, switches the VoiceDSP processor to the MSG_OPEN state, sets the message pointer to the beginning of the message data, and writes the 32 bytes of data. To add data at the end of an existing message, issue the SMSG command to the last page of the message. Issue the WMSG command with a buffer consisting of 32 FF bytes (this has no effect on the current data in the page). A subsequent WMSG command adds a new block to the message, and writing continues at the beginning of the new block. The microcontroller must issue an S command to close the message and switch the VoiceDSP processor to the IDLE state.
NOTE When updating an existing message, bits can only be cleared, but not set. If the current message is undefined, ERR_INVALID is reported.
Example
WMSG 32 bytes
Byte sequence: Description: Microcontroller
31 31 32 bytes of data to write echo 32 bytes of data
VoiceDSP Write 32 bytes in the message memory.
ISD
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ISD-T360SB
2--SOFTWARE
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Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
3--SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
ISD-T360SB
Chapter 3NSCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS 3.1 APPLICATION INFORMATION
The following schematic diagrams for a VoiceDSP processor Reference design unit. This reference design includes three basic clusters:
* An 80C51 MicroController. * VoiceDSP processor cluster, including a TP3054 codec, and an ISDT360SB controlling a Flash device. * User interface that includes one 16-digit LCD, and a 16-key (4 x 4) keypad.
ISD
3-1
ISD-T360SB
3--SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
3-2
Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
4--PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
ISD-T360SB
Chapter 4NPHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
Figure 4-1: 80-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Package, Top and Bottom--Type: Metric PQFP, 14x14 Body
1.
All dimensions are in millimeters. All dimensions and tolerances conform to ANSI Y14.5-1982.
ISD
4-1
ISD-T360SB
Figure 4-2: 80-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Package, Side--Type: Metric PQFP, 14x14 Body
4--PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
Table 4-1: Packaging Dimensions
Symbol A A1 A2 D D1 D2 ZD E E1 E2 ZE L N e b b1 ccc
0.22 0.22 0.30 0.12 0.73
Min.
-- 0.10 2.55
Nom.
2.82 0.15 2.67 17.20 BSC. 14.00 BSC. 12.35BSC. 0.825 REF. 17.20 BSC. 14.00 BSC. 12.35 BSC. 0.825 REF. 0.88 80 0.65 BSC.
Max.
3.00 0.25 2.75
1.03
0.38 0.33
4-2
Voice Solutions in SiliconTM
IMPORTANT NOTICES
The warranty for each product of ISD (Information Storage Devices, Inc.), is contained in a written warranty which governs sale and use of such product. Such warranty is contained in the printed terms and conditions under which such product is sold, or in a separate written warranty supplied with the product. Please refer to such written warranty with respect to its applicability to certain applications of such product. These Product may be subject to restrictions on use. Please contact ISD, for a list of the current additional restrictions on these Product. By purchasing these Product, the purchaser of these Product agrees to comply with such use restrictions. Please contact ISD for clarification of any restrictions described herein. ISD, reserves the right, without further notice, to change the ISD ChipCorder product specifications and/or information in this document and to improve reliability, functions and design. ISD assumes no responsibility or liability for any use of the ISD ChipCorder Product. ISD conveys no license or title, either expressed or implied, under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to the ISD ChipCorder Product, and ISD makes no warranties or representations that the ISD ChipCorder Product are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Application examples and alternative uses of any integrated circuit contained in this publication are for illustration purposes only and ISD makes no representation or warranty that such applications shall be suitable for the use specified. The 100-year retention and 100K record cycle projections are based upon accelerated reliability tests, as published in the ISD Reliability Report, and are neither warranted nor guaranteed by ISD. Information contained in this ISD ChipCorder data sheet supersedes all data for the ISD ChipCorder Product published by ISD prior to December, 1998. This data sheet and any future addendum to this data sheet is (are) the complete and controlling ISD ChipCorder product specifications. In the event any inconsistencies exist between the information in this and other product documentation, or in the event that other product documentation contains information in addition to the information in this, the information contained herein supersedes and governs such other information in its entirety. Copyright(c) 1998, ISD (Information Storage Devices, Inc.) All rights reserved. ISD is a registered trademark of ISD. ChipCorder is a trademark of ISD. All other trademarks are properties of their respective owners.
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