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LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator
January 2002
LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator
General Description
The LP2986 is a 200 mA precision LDO voltage regulator which offers the designer a higher performance version of the industry standard LP2951. Using an optimized VIPTM (Vertically Integrated PNP) process, the LP2986 delivers superior performance: Dropout Voltage: Typically 180 mV @ 200 mA load, and 1 mV @ 1 mA load. Ground Pin Current: Typically 1 mA @ 200 mA load, and 200 A @ 10 mA load. Sleep Mode: The LP2986 draws less than 1 A quiescent current when shutdown pin is pulled low. Error Flag: The built-in error flag goes low when the output drops approximately 5% below nominal. Precision Output: The standard product versions available can be pin-strapped (using the internal resistive divider) to provide output voltages of 5.0V, 3.3V, or 3.0V with guaranteed accuracy of 0.5% ("A" grade) and 1% (standard grade) at room temperature.
Features
n n n n n n n n n n Ultra low dropout voltage Guaranteed 200 mA output current SO-8 and mini-SO8 surface mount packages < 1 A quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all loads 0.5% output voltage accuracy ("A" grade) High peak current capability (400 mA typical) Wide supply voltage range (16V max) Overtemperature/overcurrent protection -40C to +125C junction temperature range
Applications
n Cellular Phone n Palmtop/Laptop Computer n Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera
Block Diagram
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VIPTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
(c) 2002 National Semiconductor Corporation
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LP2986
Connection Diagrams and Ordering Information
Surface Mount Packages: 8-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package
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SO-8/Mini SO-8 Package See NS Package Drawing Number M08A/MUA08A
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Top View See NS Package Drawing Number LDC08A
Basic Application Circuits
Application Using Internal Resistive Divider
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LP2986
Basic Application Circuits
(Continued) Application Using External Divider
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Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage Mini SO-8 5 5 5 5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD LP2986AIMMX-5.0 LP2986AIMM-5.0 LP2986IMMX-5.0 LP2986IMM-5.0 LP2986AIMMX-3.3 LP2986AIMM-3.3 LP2986IMMX-3.3 LP2986IMM-3.3 LP2986AIMMX-3.0 LP2986AIMM-3.0 LP2986IMMX-3.0 LP2986IMM-3.0 L41A L41A L41B L41B L40A L40A L40B L40B L39A L39A L39B L39B 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as:
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LP2986
Ordering Information
Output Voltage SO-8 5 5 5 5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 8-Lead LLP 5 5 5 5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 A A A A
(Continued)
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information (Continued) Grade Order Information LP2986AIMX-5.0 LP2986AIM-5.0 LP2986IMX-5.0 LP2986IM-5.0 LP2986AIMX-3.3 LP2986AIM-3.3 LP2986IMX-3.3 LP2986IM-3.3 LP2986AIMX-3.0 LP2986AIM-3.0 LP2986IMX-3.0 LP2986IM-3.0 Package Marking 2986AIM5.0 2986AIM5.0 2986IM5.0 2986IM5.0 2986AIM3.3 2986AIM3.3 2986IM3.3 2986IM3.3 2986AIM3.0 2986AIM3.0 2986IM3.0 2986IM3.0 Supplied as: 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel
STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD
LP2986AILD-5 LP2986AILDX-5 LP2986ILD-5 LP2986ILDX-5 LP2986AILD-3.3 LP2986AILDX-3.3 LP2986ILD-3.3 LP2986ILDX-3.3 LP2986AILD-3.0 LP2986AILDX-3.0 LP2986ILD-3.0 LP2986ILDX-3.0
L006A L006A L006AB L006AB L005A L005A L005AB L005AB L004A L004A L004AB L004AB
STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD
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LP2986
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 seconds) ESD Rating (Note 2) Power Dissipation (Note 3) Input Supply Voltage (Survival) -65C to +150C -40C to +125C 260C 2 kV Internally Limited -0.3V to +16V
Input Supply Voltage (Operating) Shutdown Pin Feedback Pin Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 4) IOUT (Survival) Input-Output Voltage (Survival) (Note 5)
2.1V to +16V -0.3V to +16V -0.3V to +5V -0.3V to +16V Short Circuit Protected -0.3V to +16V
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for T J = 25C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, VS/D = 2V. Symbol VO Parameter Output Voltage (5.0V Versions) Output Voltage (3.3V Versions) Output Voltage (3.0V Versions) Output Voltage Line Regulation VIN-VO Dropout Voltage (Note 7) Conditions Typical 5.0 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA 5.0 3.3 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA 3.3 3.0 0.1 mA < IL < 200 mA VO(NOM) + 1V VIN 16V IL = 100 A IL = 75 mA IL = 200 mA IGND Ground Pin Current IL = 100 A IL = 75 mA IL = 200 mA VS/D < 0.3V IO(PK) IO(MAX) en Peak Output Current Short Circuit Current Output Noise Voltage (RMS) Ripple Rejection VOUT VO(NOM) - 5% RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 11) BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, COUT = 10 F f = 1 kHz, COUT = 10 F 65 dB 3.0 LM2986AI-X.X (Note 6) Min 4.975 4.960 4.910 3.283 3.274 3.241 2.985 2.976 2.946 Max 5.025 5.040 5.090 3.317 3.326 3.359 3.015 3.024 3.054 0.014 0.007 0.032 2.0 3.5 120 170 230 350 120 150 800 1400 2.1 3.7 1.5 250 250 mA LM2986I-X.X (Note 6) Min 4.950 4.920 4.860 3.267 3.247 3.208 2.970 2.952 2.916 Max 5.050 5.080 5.140 3.333 3.353 3.392 3.030 3.048 3.084 0.014 0.032 2.0 3.5 120 170 230 350 120 150 800 1400 2.1 3.7 1.5 mA A A mV %/V V Units
1 90 180 100 500 1 0.05 400 400 160
V(RMS)
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LP2986
Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Limits in standard typeface are for T J = 25C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, VS/D = 2V. Symbol Parameter Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient FEEDBACK PIN VFB Feedback Pin Voltage (Note 10) FB Pin Voltage Temperature Coefficient IFB Feedback Pin Bias Current FB Pin Bias Current Temperature Coefficient SHUTDOWN INPUT VS/D IS/D S/D Input Voltage (Note 8) S/D Input Current VH = O/P ON VL = O/P OFF VS/D = 0 VS/D = 5V ERROR COMPARATOR IOH VOL VTHR (MAX) VTHR (MIN) HYST Output "HIGH" Leakage Output "LOW" Voltage Upper Threshold Voltage Lower Threshold Voltage Hysteresis VOH = 16V VIN = VO(NOM) - 0.5V, IO(COMP) = 300 A 0.01 150 -4.6 -6.6 2.0 -5.5 -7.7 -8.9 -13.0 1 2 220 350 -3.5 -2.5 -4.9 -3.3 -5.5 -7.7 -8.9 -13.0 1 2 220 350 -3.5 -2.5 -4.9 -3.3 %VOUT A mV 1.4 0.55 0 5 1.6 0.18 -1 15 1.6 0.18 -1 15 V A (Note 9) 20 IL = 200 mA (Note 9) 0.1 nA/C 150 330 760 330 760 ppm/C nA 1.23 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.25 1.26 1.28 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.26 1.27 1.29 V Conditions (Note 9) 20 ppm/C Typical LM2986AI-X.X (Note 6) Min Max LM2986I-X.X (Note 6) Min Max Units
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LP2986
Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. Note 2: The ESD rating of the Feedback pin is 500V and the Tap pin is 1.5 kV. Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, J-A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:
The value of J-A for the SO-8 (M) package is 160C/W, and the mini SO-8 (MM) package is 200C/W. The value J-A for the LLP (LD) package is specifically dependent on PCB trace area, trace material, and the number of layers and thermal vias. For improved thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LM2986 output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the V IN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Forcing the output above the input will turn on this diode and may induce a latch-up mode which can damage the part (see Application Hints). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: To prevent mis-operation, the Shutdown input must be driven by a signal that swings above VH and below VL with a slew rate not less than 40 mV/s (see Application Hints). Note 9: Temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum (worst-case) change divided by the total temperature range. Note 10: VFB VOUT (VIN - 1), 2.5V VIN 16V, 100 A IL 200 mA, TJ 125C. Note 11: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves.
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LP2986
Typical Performance Characteristics
VOUT vs Temperature
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
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Dropout Voltage vs Load Current
Dropout Characteristics
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Ground Pin Current vs Temperature and Load
Ground Pin Current vs Load Current
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LP2986
Typical Performance Characteristics
Input Current vs VIN
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Input Current vs VIN
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Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
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Line Transient Response
Line Transient Response
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LP2986
Typical Performance Characteristics
Turn-On Waveform
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Turn-Off Waveform
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Short Circuit Current
Short Circuit Current
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Short Circuit Current vs Output Voltage
Instantaneous Short Circuit Current vs Temperature
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LP2986
Typical Performance Characteristics
DC Load Regulation
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Feedback Bias Current vs Load
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Feedback Bias Current vs Temperature
Shutdown Pin Current vs Shutdown Pin Voltage
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Shutdown Voltage vs Temperature
Input to Output Leakage vs Temperature
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LP2986
Typical Performance Characteristics
Output Noise Density
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA. (Continued) Output Impedance vs Frequency
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Output Impedance vs Frequency
Ripple Rejection
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Application Hints
LLP Package Devices The LP2986 is offered in the 8 lead LLP surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation compared to the SO-8 and Mini SO-8. For details on thermal performance as well as mounting and soldering specifications, refer to Application Note AN-1187. EXTERNAL CAPACITORS Like any low-dropout regulator, external capacitors are required to assure stability. These capacitors must be correctly selected for proper performance. INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor ( 2.2 F) is required between the LP2986 input and ground (amount of capacitance may be increased without limit). This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 0.5" from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum may be used for this capacitor. OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and also have an appropriate E.S.R. (equivalent series resistance) value. Curves are provided which show the allowable ESR range as a function of load current for various output voltages and capacitor values (see ESR curves below). ESR Curves For 5V Output
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LP2986
Application Hints
(Continued)
ESR Curves For 2.5V Output
ALUMINUM: The large physical size of aluminum electrolytics makes them unattractive for use with the LP2986. Their ESR characteristics are also not well suited to the requirements of LDO regulators. The ESR of an aluminum electrolytic is higher than a tantalum, and it also varies greatly with temperature. A typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of 50X when going from 20C to -40C. Also, some aluminum electrolytics can not be used below -25C because the electrolyte will freeze. USING AN EXTERNAL RESISTIVE DIVIDER The LP2986 output voltage can be programmed using an external resistive divider (see Basic Application Circuits). The resistor connected between the Feedback pin and ground should be 51.1k. The value for the other resistor (R1) connected between the Feedback pin and the regulated output is found using the formula: VOUT = 1.23 x (1 + R1/51.1k) It should be noted that the 25 A of current flowing through the external divider is approximately equal to the current saved by not connecting the internal divider, which means the quiescent current is not increased by using external resistors. A lead compensation capacitor (CF) must also be used to place a zero in the loop response at about 50 kHz. The value for C F can be found using: CF = 1/(2 x R1 x 50k) A good quality capacitor must be used for CF to ensure that the value is accurate and does not change significantly over temperature. Mica or ceramic capacitors can be used, assuming a tolerance of 20% or better is selected. If a ceramic is used, select one with a temperature coefficient of NPO, COG, Y5P, or X7R. Capacitor types Z5U, Y5V, and Z4V can not be used because their value varies more that 50% over the -25C to +85C temperature range. SHUTDOWN INPUT OPERATION The LP2986 is shut off by driving the Shutdown input low, and turned on by pulling it high. If this feature is not to be used, the Shutdown input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at all times. To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the Shutdown input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds listed as VH and VL, respectively (see Electrical Characteristics). It is also important that the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to the Shutdown input have a slew rate which is not less than 40 mV/s.
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IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in the stable region over the full operating temperature range of the application to assure stability. The minimum required amount of output capacitance is 4.7 F. Output capacitor size can be increased without limit. It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum required amount of output capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. A good Tantalum capacitor will show very little variation with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (see next section).
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS TANTALUM: The best choice for size, cost, and performance are solid tantalum capacitors. Available from many sources, their typical ESR is very close to the ideal value required on the output of many LDO regulators. Tantalums also have good temperature stability: a 4.7 F was tested and showed only a 10% decline in capacitance as the temperature was decreased from +125C to -40C. The ESR increased only about 2:1 over the same range of temperature. However, it should be noted that the increasing ESR at lower temperatures present in all tantalums can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (where the ESR of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature). CERAMIC: For a given amount of a capacitance, ceramics are usually larger and more costly than tantalums. Be warned that the ESR of a ceramic capacitor can be low enough to cause instability: a 2.2 F ceramic was measured and found to have an ESR of about 15 m. If a ceramic capacitor is to be used on the LP2986 output, a 1 resistor should be placed in series with the capacitor to provide a minimum ESR for the regulator. Another disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capacitance varies a lot with temperature: Large ceramic capacitors are typically manufactured with the Z5U temperature characteristic, which results in the capacitance dropping by a 50% as the temperature goes from 25C to 80C. This means you have to buy a capacitor with twice the minimum COUT to assure stable operation up to 80C.
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CAUTION: the regulator output state can not be guaranteed if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is applied that is in the range between VH and VL.
REVERSE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2986 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse-biased. However, if the output is pulled above the input, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output.
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LP2986
Application Hints
(Continued)
In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high current to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin), which can damage the part. In any application where the output may be pulled above the input, an external Schottky diode must be connected from
VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2986 to 0.3V (see Absolute Maximum Ratings).
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LP2986
Physical Dimensions
unless otherwise noted
inches (millimeters)
8-Lead Mini-Small Outline Molded Package, JEDEC NS Package Number MUA08A
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LP2986
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC NS Package Number M08A
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LP2986 Micropower, 200 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Fixed or Adjustable Voltage Regulator
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
8-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package NS Package Number LDC08A
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