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general description the max1697 ultra-small, monolithic, cmos charge- pump voltage inverter accepts an input voltage ranging from +1.25v to +5.5v. this device features an ultra-low 12 output resistance, permitting loads of up to 60ma with maximum efficiency. the max1697 is available with operating frequencies of 12khz, 35khz, 125khz, or 250khz, allowing optimization of supply current or external component size. its small external components and micropower shutdown mode make this device ideal for both battery-powered and board-level voltage conversion applications. oscillator control circuitry and four power mosfet switches are included on-chip. applications include generating a negative supply from a +5v or +3.3v logic supply to power analog circuitry. all versions come in a 6-pin sot23 package and deliver 60ma. for applications with lower current requirements, the max1719/max1720/max1721 are pin-compatible sot23 charge pumps that supply up to 25ma. applications negative supply from +5v or +3.3v logic supplies small lcd panels gaasfet bias supplies handy-terminals, pdas battery-operated equipment features 60ma output current low 12 output resistance 150? supply current (max1697r) requires only two 1? capacitors (max1697u) start-up current limited +1.25v to +5.5v input voltage range 0.1? logic-controlled shutdown slew-rate limited to reduce emi 6-pin sot23 package max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 shdn 5 top view in gnd c1- c1+ out sot23-6 1 6 max1697 2 3 4 pin configuration c1+ c1- in shdn out gnd on 1 m f 1 m f off input 1.5v to 5.5v negative output -1 v in 60ma max1697u typical operating circuit 19-1499; rev 0; 7/99 part max1697 _ eut-t -40? to +85? temp. range pin-package 6 sot23-6 ordering information for free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. for small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769. part no. suffix r 12 frequency (khz) top mark aabv s 35 aabw t u 250 aaby 125 aabx note: the max1697 is available with four different operating frequencies. choose the desired frequency from the table below and insert the suffix in the blank above to complete the part number.
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = 0? to +85? , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25?.) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. in to gnd .................................................................-0.3v to +6v c1+, shdn to gnd .....................................-0.3v to (v in + 0.3v) c1- to gnd..............................................(v out - 0.3v) to + 0.3v out to gnd .............................................................+0.3v to -6v out output current............................................................90ma out short-circuit to gnd .............................................indefinite continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 6-pin sot23 (derate 14mw/? above +70?) ................1.1w operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature ......................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300? i out = 15ma max1697t/u, r l = 5k shdn = gnd or in v in(min) v in 2.5v max1697r/s, r l = 5k 2.5v v in 5.5v v in(min) v in 2.5v 2.5v v in 5.5v i out = 0, t a = +25? shdn = gnd, out is internally pulled to gnd in shutdown t a = +25? t a = +25? shdn = gnd i out = 60ma conditions 600 ? 1200 wake-up time from shutdown 10 na -100 0.05 +100 shdn bias current 0.2 v 0.6 shdn input logic low v in - 0.2 v 2.0 shdn input logic high 38 out to gnd shutdown resistance 33 12 25 output resistance (note 1) 1.4 5.5 1.5 5.5 v 1.25 5.5 supply voltage range % 99 99.9 voltage conversion efficiency 20 35 50 khz oscillator frequency 0.03 1.5 5.5 ? 150 300 quiescent supply current 350 650 ? 0.002 1 shutdown supply current units min typ max parameter t a = 0? to + 85? t a = +25? t a = 0? to + 85? t a = +25? max1697s max1697r t a = +85? t a = +25? t a = 0? to +85? t a = +25? t a = +85? t a = +25? max1697s max1697r max1697u max1697t 950 1700 1800 3400 output shorted to ground, t a = +25? ma 170 short-circuit current 71217 max1697u 70 max1697t 100 140 250 360 70 125 180 max1697r max1697s max1697t max1697u
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = -40? to +85? , unless otherwise noted.) (note 2) electrical characteristics (continued) (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = 0? to +85? , unless otherwise noted. )typical values are at t a = +25?.) conditions 150 units min typ max parameter note 1: output resistance is guaranteed with capacitor esr of 0.3 or less. note 2: all specifications from -40? to +85? are guaranteed by design, not production tested. trip temperature ? hysteresis ? 15 temperature increasing thermal shutdown v r l = 5k supply voltage range 1.6 5.5 max1697r v in(min) v in 2.5v 2.5v v in 5.5v v in(min) v in 2.5v 2.5v v in 5.5v max1697t/u 1.5 5.5 ? shdn = gnd, out is internally pulled to gnd in shutdown 350 continuous, long-term quiescent current 750 max1697t max1697r i out = 60ma conditions 1800 khz 621 3600 max1697s max1697u oscillator frequency 16 60 max1697t 60 200 120 400 max1697s max1697u max1697r/s 0.2 v 0.6 shdn input logic low v in - 0.2 v 2.1 shdn input logic high 8 out to gnd shutdown resistance 33 output resistance (note 1) ma rms 60 output current units min max parameter
0 10 15 25 20 30 1.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 max1697r/s/t/u output impedance vs. input voltage max1697 toc09 input voltage (v) output impedance ( w ) 5 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 90 80 100 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697u efficiency vs. output current max1697 toc08 output current (ma) efficiency (%) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v max1697 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 90 80 100 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697t efficiency vs. output current max1697 toc07 output current (ma) efficiency (%) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v -5.0 -4.0 -4.5 -3.0 -3.5 -2.0 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 0 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697r output voltage vs. output current max1697 toc01 output current (ma) output voltage (v) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v -5.0 -4.0 -4.5 -3.0 -3.5 -2.0 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 0 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697u output voltage vs. output current max1697 toc04 output current (ma) output voltage (v) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v -5.0 -4.0 -4.5 -3.0 -3.5 -2.0 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 0 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697s output voltage vs. output current max1697 toc02 output current (ma) output voltage (v) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v -5.0 -4.0 -4.5 -3.0 -3.5 -2.0 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.0 0 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697t output voltage vs. output current max1697 toc03 output current (ma) output voltage (v) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 90 80 100 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697r efficiency vs. output current max1697 toc05 output current (ma) efficiency (%) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 90 80 100 02030 10 40 50 60 70 80 max1697s efficiency vs. output current max1697 toc06 output current (ma) efficiency (%) v in = +2v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v typical operating characteristics (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 supply current vs. input voltage max1697 toc10 input voltage (v) supply current (ma) max1697r max1697s max1697t max1697u 0 5 15 10 25 20 30 35 -40 0 20 -20 40 60 80 max1697r/s/t/u shutdown supply current vs. temperature max1697 toc11 temperature (?) supply current (na) v in = +2v v in = +3.3v v in = +5v 0 5 15 10 25 20 30 35 -40 0 20 -20 40 60 80 max1697r output resistance vs. temperature max1697 toc12 temperature (?) output resistance ( w ) v in = +2v v in = +1.5v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v 0 5 15 10 25 20 30 -40 0 20 -20 40 60 80 max1697s output resistance vs. temperature max1697 toc13 temperature (?) output resistance ( w ) v in = +2v v in = +1.5v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v 1 100 10 1000 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 pump frequency vs. temperature max1697 toc16 temperature (?) pump frequency (khz) max1697u max1697t max1697s max1697r v in = +1.5v to +5v 0 5 15 10 25 20 30 35 -40 0 20 -20 40 60 80 max1697t output resistance vs. temperature max1697 toc14 temperature (?) output resistance ( w ) v in = +2v v in = +1.5v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v 0 5 15 10 25 20 30 40 35 45 -40 0 20 -20 40 60 80 max1697u output resistance vs. temperature max1697 toc15 temperature (?) output resistance ( w ) v in = +2v v in = +1.5v v in = +5v v in = +3.3v v out max1697r (12khz) v out max1697s (35khz) max1697r/s output noise and ripple max1697 toc17 20 m s/div v in = 3.3v, i out = 5ma, 10mv/div, ac-coupled v out max1697t (125khz) v out max1697u (250khz) max1697t/u output noise and ripple max1697 toc18 2 m s/div v in = 3.3v, i out = 5ma, 10mv/div, ac-coupled typical operating characteristics (continued) (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) 0v shdn 0v max1697s (35khz) v out , 2v/div max1697r (12khz) v out , 2v/div start-up from shutdown max1697 toc19 400 m s/div 0v 0v max1697u (250khz) v out , 2v/div max1697t (125khz) v out , 2v/div start-up from shutdown max1697 toc20 50 m s/div shdn 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 0 101520 5 253035 45 40 50 max1697r output current vs. capacitance max1697 toc21 capacitance ( m f) output current (ma) v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 80 0 101520 5 2530354045 max1697s output current vs. capacitance max1697 toc22 capacitance ( m f) output current (ma) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v 0 100 50 200 150 300 250 350 450 400 500 0 101520 5 253035 45 40 50 max1697r output ripple vs. capacitance max1697 toc25 capacitance ( m f) output ripple (mv) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 0 234 1 567 9 810 max1697t output current vs. capacitance max1697 toc23 capacitance ( m f) output current (ma) v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v 0 20 10 40 30 60 50 70 80 0 234 1 567 9 810 max1697u output current vs. capacitance max1697 toc24 capacitance ( m f) output current (ma) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v 0 100 50 200 150 300 250 350 450 400 500 0 101520 5 253035 45 40 50 max1697s output ripple vs. capacitance max1697 toc26 capacitance ( m f) output ripple (mv) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v
detailed description the max1697 capacitive charge pumps invert the volt- age applied to their input. for highest performance, use low equivalent series resistance (esr) capacitors (e.g., ceramic). during the first half-cycle, switches s2 and s4 open, switches s1 and s3 close, and capacitor c1 charges to the voltage at in (figure 2). during the second half- cycle, s1 and s3 open, s2 and s4 close, and c1 is level shifted downward by v in volts. this connects c1 in par- allel with the reservoir capacitor c2. if the voltage across c2 is smaller than the voltage across c1, charge flows from c1 to c2 until the voltage across c2 reaches -v in . the actual voltage at the output is more positive than -v in , since switches s1?4 have resistance and the load drains charge from c2. efficiency considerations the efficiency of the max1697 is dominated by its qui- escent supply current (i q ) at low output current and by its output impedance (r out ) at higher output current; it is given by: h@ + - ? ? ? ? i ii ir v out out q out out in 1 max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 0 100 50 200 150 300 250 350 450 400 500 0 234 1 567 9 810 max1697t output ripple vs. capacitance max1697 toc27 capacitance ( m f) output ripple (mv) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v 0 100 50 200 150 300 250 350 450 400 500 0 234 1 567 9 810 max1697u output ripple vs. capacitance max1697 toc28 capacitance ( m f) output ripple (mv) v in = +1.9v, v out = -1.5v v in = +3.15v, v out = -2.5v v in = +4.75v, v out = -4.0v pin description 6 positive terminal of the flying capacitor 1 inverting charge-pump output 2 power-supply voltage input. input range is 1.5v to 5.5v. 3 negative terminal of the flying capacitor 4 ground 5 shutdown input. drive this pin high for normal operation; drive it low for shutdown mode. out is actively pulled to ground during shutdown. pin function name c1+ out in c1- gnd shdn typical operating characteristics (continued) (circuit of figure 1, capacitors from table 2, v in = +5v, shdn = in, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) te: ( c1 c2 21 5 on off 3 r l 6 4 c3 c1+ c1- in shdn out gnd input 1.5v to 5.5v negative output -1 v in max1697 figure 1. typical application circuit
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ where the output impedance is roughly approximated by: the first term is the effective resistance of an ideal switched-capacitor circuit (figures 3a and 3b), and r sw is the sum of the charge pump? internal switch resistances (typically 4 to 5 at v in = +5v). the typi- cal output impedance is more accurately determined from the typical operating characteristics . current limit the max1697 limits its input current upon start-up to 170ma (typ). this prevents low-current or higher output impedance input supplies (such as alkaline cells) from being overloaded when power is applied or when the device awakes from shutdown. shutdown the max1697 has a logic-controlled shutdown input. driving shdn low places the device in a low-power shutdown mode. the charge-pump switching halts, supply current is reduced to 2na, and out is actively pulled to ground through a 3 resistance. driving shdn high will restart the charge pump. the switching frequency and capacitor values determine how soon the device will reach 90% of the input voltage. thermal shutdown the max1697 has a thermal shutdown mode for addi- tional protection against fault conditions. when the tem- perature of the die exceeds +150?, the internal clock stops, suspending the device? operation. the max1697 resumes operation when the die temperature falls 15?. this prevents the device from rapidly oscil- lating around the temperature trip point. applications information capacitor selection the charge-pump output resistance is a function of the esr of c1 and c2. to maintain the lowest output resis- tance, use capacitors with low esr. (see table 1 for a list of recommended manufacturers.) tables 2 and 3 suggest capacitor values for minimizing output resis- tance or capacitor size. flying capacitor (c1) increasing the flying capacitor? value reduces the out- put resistance. above a certain point, increasing c1? capacitance has negligible effect because the output resistance is then dominated by internal switch resis- tance and capacitor esr. output capacitor (c2) increasing the output capacitor? value reduces the output ripple voltage. decreasing its esr reduces both output resistance and ripple. lower capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be tolerated. use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple: input bypass capacitor (c3) if necessary, bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the max1697? switch- ing noise. a bypass capacitor with a value equal to that of c1 is recommended. v= i 2(f )c2 2 i esr ripple out osc out c2 + r 1 fc1 2r 4esr esr out osc sw c1 c2 @ () ++ + s1 in s2 s3 s4 c1 c2 v out = -(v in ) figure 2. ideal voltage inverter v+ c1 f osc c2 r l v out figure 3a. switched-capacitor model r equiv = r equiv v out r l 1 v+ f osc c1 c2 figure 3b. equivalent circuit
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 surface-mount tantalum production method 714-969-2491 803-946-0690 phone 603-224-1961 603-224-1430 714-960-6492 803-626-3123 fax manufacturer avx matsuo sprague series tps series 267 series 593d, 595d series 714-969-2491 803-946-0690 avx matsuo 714-960-6492 803-626-3123 x7r x7r surface-mount ceramic table 2. capacitor selection to minimize output resistance table 3. capacitor selection to minimize capacitor size table 1. low-esr capacitor manufacturers voltage inverter the most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (figure 1). this applica- tion requires only two external components?apacitors c1 and c2?lus a bypass capacitor, if necessary. refer to the capacitor selection section for suggested capacitor types. cascading devices two devices can be cascaded to produce an even larger negative voltage (figure 4). the unloaded output voltage is normally -2 v in , but this is reduced slightly by the output resistance of the first device multiplied by the quiescent current of the second. when cascading more than two devices, the output resistance rises dra- matically. for applications requiring larger negative voltages, see the max865 and max868 data sheets. paralleling devices paralleling multiple max1697s reduces the output resis- tance. each device requires its own pump capacitor (c1), but the reservoir capacitor (c2) serves all devices (figure 5). increase c2? value by a factor of n , where n is the number of parallel devices. figure 5 shows the equation for calculating output resistance. combined doubler/inverter in the circuit of figure 6, capacitors c1 and c2 form the inverter, while c3 and c4 form the doubler. c1 and c3 are the pump capacitors; c2 and c4 are the reservoir capacitors. because both the inverter and doubler use part of the charge-pump circuit, loading either output causes both outputs to decline toward gnd. make sure the sum of the currents drawn from the two outputs does not exceed 60ma. heavy load connected to a positive supply under heavy loads, where a higher supply is sourcing current into out, the out supply must not be pulled above ground. applications that sink heavy current into out require a schottky diode (1n5817) between gnd and out, with the anode connected to out (figure 7). layout and grounding good layout is important, primarily for good noise per- formance. to ensure good layout, mount all compo- nents as close together as possible, keep traces short to minimize parasitic inductance and capacitance, and use a ground plane. max1697r max1697s max1697t max1697u 12 35 125 250 22 6.8 2.2 1 12 12 12 12 part frequency (khz) capacitor (?) typical r out ( ) max1697r max1697s part max1697t max1697u frequency (khz) capacitor (?) typical r out ( ) 12 35 125 250 10 3.3 1 0.47 17 17 17 17
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ max1697 2 5 1 v out = (2v in ) - (v fd1 ) - (v fd2 ) c2 +v in c1 3 4 6 v out = -v in c4 d1 d1, d2 = 1n4148 c3 d2 shdn figure 6. combined doubler and inverter max1697 4 1 gnd out v+ r l figure 7. heavy load connected to a positive supply transistor count: 275 max1697 max1697 2 1 v out c2 2 +v in c1 c1 3 3 44 6 5 5 6 1 v out = -v in r out = r out of single device number of devices shdn figure 5. paralleling max1697s to reduce output resistance chip information max1697 max1697 2 1 v out c2 2 +v in c1 c2 shdn c1 33 44 6 55 6 1 v out = -nv in figure 4. cascading max1697s to increase output voltage
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 ________________________________________________________package information 6lsot.eps
max1697 60ma, sot23 inverting charge pump with shutdown notes maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 12 ____________________maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 1999 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products.

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