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lm340/lm78xx series 3-terminal positive regulators general description the lm140/lm340a/lm340/lm7800c monolithic 3-terminal positive voltage regulators employ internal current-limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation, making them essentially indestructible. if adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1.0a output current. they are intended as fixed voltage regulators in a wide range of applications including local (on-card) regulation for elimina- tion of noise and distribution problems associated with single-point regulation. in addition to use as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external compo- nents to obtain adjustable output voltages and currents. considerable effort was expended to make the entire series of regulators easy to use and minimize the number of exter- nal components. it is not necessary to bypass the output, although this does improve transient response. input by- passing is needed only if the regulator is located far from the filter capacitor of the power supply. the 5v, 12v, and 15v regulator options are available in the steel to-3 power package. the lm340a/lm340/lm7800c series is available in the to-220 plastic power package, and the lm340-5.0 is available in the sot-223 package, as well as the lm340-5.0 and lm340-12 in the surface-mount to-263 package. features n complete specifications at 1a load n output voltage tolerances of 2% at t j = 25c and 4% over the temperature range (lm340a) n line regulation of 0.01% of v out /v of d v in at 1a load (lm340a) n load regulation of 0.3% of v out /a (lm340a) n internal thermal overload protection n internal short-circuit current limit n output transistor safe area protection n p + product enhancement tested device output voltages packages lm140 5, 12, 15 to-3 (k) lm340a/lm340 5, 12, 15 to-3 (k), to-220 (t), sot-223 (mp), to-263 (s) (5v and 12v only) lm7800c 5, 8, 12, 15 to-220 (t) typical applications fixed output regulator adjustable output regulator 00778101 * required if the regulator is located far from the power supply filter. ** although no output capacitor is needed for stability, it does help transient response. (if needed, use 0.1 f, ceramic disc). 00778102 v out = 5v + (5v/r1 + i q ) r2 5v/r1 > 3i q , load regulation (l r ) ? [(r1 + r2)/r1] (l r of lm340-5). current regulator comparison between sot-223 and d-pak (to-252) packages 00778103 d i q = 1.3 ma over line and load changes. 00778138 scale 1:1 september 2001 lm340/lm78xx series 3-terminal positive regulators ? 2001 national semiconductor corporation ds007781 www.national.com
absolute maximum ratings (note 1) if military/aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the national semiconductor sales office/ distributors for availability and specifications. (note 5) dc input voltage all devices except lm7824/lm7824c 35v lm7824/lm7824c 40v internal power dissipation (note 2) internally limited maximum junction temperature 150c storage temperature range ?65c to +150c lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec.) to-3 package (k) 300c to-220 package (t), to-263 package (s) 230c esd susceptibility (note 3) 2 kv operating conditions (note 1) temperature range (t a ) (note 2) lm140a, lm140 ?55c to +125c lm340a, lm340, lm7805c, lm7812c, lm7815c, lm7808c 0c to +125c lm340a electrical characteristics i out = 1a, ?55c t j +150c (lm140a), or 0c t j + 125c (lm340a) unless otherwise specified (note 4) output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max v o output voltage t j = 25c 4.9 5 5.1 11.75 12 12.25 14.7 15 15.3 v p d 15w, 5 ma i o 1a 4.8 5.2 11.5 12.5 14.4 15.6 v v min v in v max (7.5 v in 20) (14.8 v in 27) (17.9 v in 30) v d v o line regulation i o = 500 ma 10 18 22 mv d v in (7.5 v in 20) (14.8 v in 27) (17.9 v in 30) v t j = 25c 3 10 4 18 4 22 mv d v in (7.5 v in 20) (14.5 v in 27) (17.5 v in 30) v t j = 25c 4 9 10 mv over temperature 12 30 30 mv d v in (8 v in 12) (16 v in 22) (20 v in 26) v d v o load regulation t j = 25c 5 ma i o 1.5a 10 25 12 32 12 35 mv 250 ma i o 750 ma 15 19 21 mv over temperature, 25 60 75 mv 5ma i o 1a i q quiescent current t j = 25c 6 6 6 ma over temperature 6.5 6.5 6.5 ma d i q quiescent current 5ma i o 1a 0.5 0.5 0.5 ma change t j = 25c, i o = 1a 0.8 0.8 0.8 ma v min v in v max (7.5 v in 20) (14.8 v in 27) (17.9 v in 30) v i o = 500 ma 0.8 0.8 0.8 ma v min v in v max (8 v in 25) (15 v in 30) (17.9 v in 30) v v n output noise voltage t a = 25c, 10 hz f 100 khz 40 75 90 v ripple rejection t j = 25c, f = 120 hz, i o =1a688061726070db or f = 120 hz, i o = 500 ma, 68 61 60 db over temperature, v min v in v max (8 v in 18) (15 v in 25) (18.5 v in 28.5) v r o dropout voltage t j = 25c, i o = 1a 2.0 2.0 2.0 v output resistance f=1khz 8 18 19 m w lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 2
lm340a electrical characteristics (continued) i out = 1a, ?55c t j +150c (lm140a), or 0c t j + 125c (lm340a) unless otherwise specified (note 4) output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max short-circuit current t j = 25c 2.1 1.5 1.2 a peak output current t j = 25c 2.4 2.4 2.4 a average tc of v o min, t j = 0c, i o = 5 ma ?0.6 ?1.5 ?1.8 mv/c v in input voltage t j = 25c required to maintain 7.5 14.5 17.5 v line regulation lm140 electrical characteristics (note 4) ?55c t j +150c unless otherwise specified output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max v o output voltage t j = 25c, 5 ma i o 1a 4.8 5 5.2 11.5 12 12.5 14.4 15 15.6 v p d 15w, 5 ma i o 1a 4.75 5.25 11.4 12.6 14.25 15.75 v v min v in v max (8 v in 20) (15.5 v in 27) (18.5 v in 30) v d v o line regulation i o = 500 ma t j = 25c 3 50 4 120 4 150 mv d v in (7 v in 25) (14.5 v in 30) (17.5 v in 30) v ?55c t j +150c 50 120 150 mv d v in (8 v in 20) (15 v in 27) (18.5 v in 30) v i o 1a t j = 25c 50 120 150 mv d v in (7.5 v in 20) (14.6 v in 27) (17.7 v in 30) v ?55c t j +150c 25 60 75 mv d v in (8 v in 12) (16 v in 22) (20 v in 26) v d v o load regulation t j = 25c 5 ma i o 1.5a 10 50 12 120 12 150 mv 250 ma i p 750 ma 25 60 75 mv ?55c t j +150c, 50 120 150 mv 5ma i o 1a i q quiescent current i o 1a t j = 25c 6 6 6 ma ?55c t j +150c 7 7 7 ma d i q quiescent current 5 ma i o 1a 0.5 0.5 0.5 ma change t j = 25c, i o 1a 0.8 0.8 0.8 ma v min v in v max (8 v in 20) (15 v in 27) (18.5 v in 30) v i o = 500 ma, ?55c t j +150c 0.8 0.8 0.8 ma v min v in v max (8 v in 25) (15 v in 30) (18.5 v in 30) v v n output noise voltage t a = 25c, 10 hz f 100 khz 40 75 90 v lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 3
lm140 electrical characteristics (note 4) (continued) ?55c t j +150c unless otherwise specified output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max ripple rejection i o 1a, t j = 25c or 68 80 61 72 60 70 db f = 120 hz i o 500 ma, 68 61 60 db ?55c t j +150c v min v in v max (8 v in 18) (15 v in 25) (18.5 v in 28.5) v r o dropout voltage t j = 25c, i o = 1a 2.0 2.0 2.0 v output resistance f = 1 khz 8 18 19 m w short-circuit current t j = 25c 2.1 1.5 1.2 a peak output current t j = 25c 2.4 2.4 2.4 a average tc of v out 0c t j +150c, i o = 5 ma ?0.6 ?1.5 ?1.8 mv/c v in input voltage t j = 25c, i o 1a required to maintain 7.5 14.6 17.7 v line regulation lm340/lm7800c electrical characteristics (note 4) 0c t j +125c unless otherwise specified output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max v o output voltage t j = 25c, 5 ma i o 1a 4.8 5 5.2 11.5 12 12.5 14.4 15 15.6 v p d 15w, 5 ma i o 1a 4.75 5.25 11.4 12.6 14.25 15.75 v v min v in v max (7.5 v in 20) (14.5 v in 27) (17.5 v in 30) v d v o line regulation i o = 500 ma t j = 25c 3 50 4 120 4 150 mv d v in (7 v in 25) (14.5 v in 30) (17.5 v in 30) v 0c t j +125c 50 120 150 mv d v in (8 v in 20) (15 v in 27) (18.5 v in 30) v i o 1a t j = 25c 50 120 150 mv d v in (7.5 v in 20) (14.6 v in 27) (17.7 v in 30) v 0c t j +125c 25 60 75 mv d v in (8 v in 12) (16 v in 22) (20 v in 26) v d v o load regulation t j = 25c 5 ma i o 1.5a 10 50 12 120 12 150 mv 250 ma i o 750 ma 25 60 75 mv 5ma i o 1a, 0c t j +125c 50 120 150 mv i q quiescent current i o 1a t j = 25c 8 8 8 ma 0c t j +125c 8.5 8.5 8.5 ma d i q quiescent current 5 ma i o 1a 0.5 0.5 0.5 ma change t j = 25c, i o 1a 1.0 1.0 1.0 ma v min v in v max (7.5 v in 20) (14.8 v in 27) (17.9 v in 30) v lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 4
lm340/lm7800c electrical characteristics (note 4) (continued) 0c t j +125c unless otherwise specified output voltage 5v 12v 15v symbol input voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10v 19v 23v units parameter conditions min typ max min typ max min typ max i o 500 ma, 0c t j +125c 1.0 1.0 1.0 ma v min v in v max (7 v in 25) (14.5 v in 30) (17.5 v in 30) v v n output noise voltage t a = 25c, 10 hz f 100 khz 40 75 90 v ripple rejection i o 1a, t j = 25c 62 80 55 72 54 70 db f = 120 hz or i o 500 ma, 62 55 54 db 0c t j +125c v min v in v max (8 v in 18) (15 v in 25) (18.5 v in 28.5) v r o dropout voltage t j = 25c, i o = 1a 2.0 2.0 2.0 v output resistance f = 1 khz 8 18 19 m w short-circuit current t j = 25c 2.1 1.5 1.2 a peak output current t j = 25c 2.4 2.4 2.4 a average tc of v out 0c t j +125c, i o = 5 ma ?0.6 ?1.5 ?1.8 mv/c v in input voltage t j = 25c, i o 1a required to maintain 7.5 14.6 17.7 v line regulation note 1: absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. operating conditions are conditions under which the device function s but the specifications might not be guaranteed. for guaranteed specifications and test conditions see the electrical characteristics. note 2: the maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is a function of the maximum junction temperature for operation (t jmax = 125c or 150c), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( q ja ), and the ambient temperature (t a ). p dmax =(t jmax ?t a )/ q ja . if this dissipation is exceeded, the die temperature will rise above t jmax and the electrical specifications do not apply. if the die temperature rises above 150c, the device will go into thermal shutdown. for the to-3 package (k, kc), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( q ja ) is 39c/w. when using a heatsink, q ja is the sum of the 4c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( q jc ) of the to-3 package and the case-to-ambient thermal resistance of the heatsink. for the to-220 package (t), q ja is 54c/w and q jc is 4c/w. if sot-223 is used, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is 174c/w and can be reduced by a heatsink (see applications hints on heatsink ing). if the to-263 package is used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the pc board copper area thermally connected to the package: using 0. 5 square inches of copper area, q ja is 50c/w; with 1 square inch of copper area, q ja is 37c/w; and with 1.6 or more inches of copper area, q ja is 32c/w. note 3: esd rating is based on the human body model, 100 pf discharged through 1.5 k w . note 4: all characteristics are measured with a 0.22 f capacitor from input to ground and a 0.1 f capacitor from output to ground. all characteristics except noise voltage and ripple rejection ratio are measured using pulse techniques (t w 10 ms, duty cycle 5%). output voltage changes due to changes in internal temperature must be taken into account separately. note 5: a military rets specification is available on request. at the time of printing, the military rets specifications for the lm140ak-5.0/883, lm140ak-1 2/883, and lm140ak-15/883 complied with the min and max limits for the respective versions of the lm140a. at the time of printing, the military rets specifica tions for the lm140k-5.0/883, lm140k-12/883, and lm140k-15/883 complied with the min and max limits for the respective versions of the lm140. the lm140h/883, lm140k/883, and lm140ak/883 may also be procured as a standard military drawing. lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 5
lm7808c electrical characteristics 0c t j +150c, v i = 14v, i o = 500 ma, c i = 0.33 f, c o = 0.1 f, unless otherwise specified symbol parameter conditions (note 6) lm7808c units min typ max v o output voltage t j = 25c 7.7 8.0 8.3 v d v o line regulation t j = 25c 10.5v v i 25v 6.0 160 mv 11.0v v i 17v 2.0 80 d v o load regulation t j = 25c 5.0 ma i o 1.5a 12 160 mv 250 ma i o 750 ma 4.0 80 v o output voltage 11.5v v i 23v, 5.0 ma i o 1.0a, p 15w 7.6 8.4 v i q quiescent current t j = 25c 4.3 8.0 ma d i q quiescent with line 11.5v v i 25v 1.0 ma current change with load 5.0 ma i o 1.0a 0.5 v n noise t a = 25c, 10 hz f 100 khz 52 v d v i / d v o ripple rejection f = 120 hz, i o = 350 ma, t j = 25c 56 72 db v do dropout voltage i o = 1.0a, t j = 25c 2.0 v r o output resistance f = 1.0 khz 16 m w i os output short circuit current t j = 25c, v i = 35v 0.45 a i pk peak output current t j = 25c 2.2 a d v o / d t average temperature i o = 5.0 ma 0.8 mv/c coefficient of output voltage note 6: all characteristics are measured with a 0.22 f capacitor from input to ground and a 0.1 f capacitor from output to ground. all characteristics except noise voltage and ripple rejection ratio are measured using pulse techniques (t w 10 ms, duty cycle 5%). output voltage changes due to changes in internal temperature must be taken into account separately. lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 6
typical performance characteristics maximum average power dissipation maximum average power dissipation 00778122 00778123 maximum power dissipation (to-263) (see note 2) output voltage (normalized to 1v at t j = 25c) 00778124 00778125 note: shaded area refers to lm340a/lm340, lm7805c, lm7812c and lm7815c. ripple rejection ripple rejection 00778126 00778127 lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 7
typical performance characteristics (continued) output impedance dropout characteristics 00778128 00778129 quiescent current peak output current 00778130 note: shaded area refers to lm340a/lm340, lm7805c, lm7812c and lm7815c. 00778131 dropout voltage quiescent current 00778132 note: shaded area refers to lm340a/lm340, lm7805c, lm7812c and lm7815c. 00778133 lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 8
line regulation 140ak-5.0, i out = 1a, t a = 25c line regulation 140ak-5.0, v in = 10v, t a = 25c 00778105 00778106 equivalent schematic 00778107 application hints the lm340/lm78xx series is designed with thermal protec- tion, output short-circuit protection and output transistor safe area protection. however, as with any ic regulator, it be- comes necessary to take precautions to assure that the regulator is not inadvertently damaged. the following de- scribes possible misapplications and methods to prevent damage to the regulator. shorting the regulator input: when using large capacitors at the output of these regulators, a protection diode con- nected input to output ( figure 1 ) may be required if the input is shorted to ground. without the protection diode, an input short will cause the input to rapidly approach ground poten- tial, while the output remains near the initial v out because of the stored charge in the large output capacitor. the capacitor will then discharge through a large internal input to output diode and parasitic transistors. if the energy released by the capacitor is large enough, this diode, low current metal and the regulator will be destroyed. the fast diode in figure 1 will shunt most of the capacitors discharge current around the regulator. generally no protection diode is required for val- ues of output capacitance 10 f. raising the output voltage above the input voltage: since the output of the device does not sink current, forcing the output high can cause damage to internal low current paths in a manner similar to that just described in the ashort- ing the regulator inputo section. lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 9
application hints (continued) regulator floating ground ( figure 2 ): when the ground pin alone becomes disconnected, the output approaches the unregulated input, causing possible damage to other circuits connected to v out . if ground is reconnected with power aono, damage may also occur to the regulator. this fault is most likely to occur when plugging in regulators or modules with on card regulators into powered up sockets. power should be turned off first, thermal limit ceases operating, or ground should be connected first if power must be left on. transient voltages: if transients exceed the maximum rated input voltage of the device, or reach more than 0.8v below ground and have sufficient energy, they will damage the regulator. the solution is to use a large input capacitor, a series input breakdown diode, a choke, a transient suppres- sor or a combination of these. when a value for q (ha) is found using the equation shown, a heatsink must be selected that has a value that is less than or equal to this number. q (ha) is specified numerically by the heatsink manufacturer in this catalog, or shown in a curve that plots temperature rise vs power dissipation for the heatsink. heatsinking to-263 and sot-223 package parts both the to-263 (aso) and sot-223 (ampo) packages use a copper plane on the pcb and the pcb itself as a heatsink. to optimize the heat sinking ability of the plane and pcb, solder the tab of the plane. shows for the to-263 the measured values of q (ja) for different copper area sizes using a typical pcb with 1 ounce copper and no solder mask over the copper area used for heatsinking . as shown in the figure, increasing the copper area beyond 1 square inch produces very little improvement. it should also be observed that the minimum value of q (ja) for the to-263 package mounted to a pcb is 32c/w. as a design aid, figure 5 shows the maximum allowable power dissipation compared to ambient temperature for the to-263 device (assuming q (ja) is 35c/w and the maxi- mum junction temperature is 125c). 00778108 figure 1. input short 00778109 figure 2. regulator floating ground 00778110 figure 3. transients 00778139 figure 4. q (ja) vs copper (1 ounce) area for the to-263 package lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 10
application hints (continued) figures 6, 7 show the information for the sot-223 package. figure 6 assumes a q (ja) of 74c/w for 1 ounce copper and 51c/w for 2 ounce copper and a maximum junction tem- perature of 125c. please see an-1028 for power enhancement techniques to be used with the sot-223 package. typical applications fixed output regulator 00778113 note: bypass capacitors are recommended for optimum stability and transient response, and should be located as close as possible to the regulator. high input voltage circuits 00778114 00778140 figure 5. maximum power dissipation vs t amb for the to-263 package 00778141 figure 6. q (ja) vs copper (2 ounce) area for the sot-223 package 00778142 figure 7. maximum power dissipation vs t amb for the sot-223 package lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 11
typical applications (continued) 00778115 high current voltage regulator 00778116 high output current, short circuit protected 00778117 lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 12
typical applications (continued) positive and negative regulator 00778118 connection diagrams and ordering information to-3 metal can package (k) 00778111 bottom view steel package order numbers: lm140k-5.0 lm140k-12 lm140k-15 lm340k-12 lm340k-15 lm340k-5.0 see package number k02a lm140k-5.0/883 lm140k-12/883 lm140k-15/883 see package number k02c to-220 power package (t) 00778112 top view plastic package order numbers: lm340at-5.0 lm340t-5.0 lm340t-12 lm340t-15 lm7805ct lm7812ct lm7815ct lm7808ct see package number t03b to-39 metal can package (h) 00778119 top view metal can order numbers 2 : lm140h-5.0/883 lm140h-6.0/883 lm140h-8.0/883 lm140h-12/883 lm140h-15/883 lm140h-24/883 see package number h03a lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 13
connection diagrams and ordering information (continued) to-263 surface-mount package (s) 00778120 top view 00778121 side view surface-mount package order numbers: lm340s-5.0 lm340s-12 see package number ts3b 3-lead sot-223 (front view) order number lm340mp-5.0 package marked no0a see package number ma04a 00778143 2 the specifications for the lm140h/883 devices are not contained in this datasheet. if specifications for these devices are required, contact the national semiconductor sales office/distributors. lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 14
physical dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted to-3 metal can package (k) order number lm140k-5.0, lm340k-5.0, lm140k-12, lm340k-12, lm140k-15, lm340k-15, lm7806ck, lm7808ck, lm7818ck or lm7824ck ns package number k02a to-3 metal can package (k) mil-aero products order number lm140k-5.0/883, lm140k-12/883, or lm140k-15/883 ns package number k02c lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 15
physical dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (continued) to-263 surface-mount package (s) order number lm340s-5.0 or lm340s-12 ns package number ts3b lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 16
physical dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (continued) to-220 power package (t) order number lm340at/lm340t-5.0, lm340at/lm340t-12, lm340at/lm340t-15, lm7805ct, lm7812ct, lm7815ct, lm7806ct, lm7808ct, lm7818ct or lm7824ct ns package number t03b lm340/lm78xx www.national.com 17
physical dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (continued) 3-lead sot-223 package order part number lm340mp-5.0 ns package number ma04a life support policy national's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the president and general counsel of national semiconductor corporation. as used herein: 1. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. a critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. national semiconductor corporation americas email: support@nsc.com national semiconductor europe fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 email: europe.support@nsc.com deutsch tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 english tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 fran?ais tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 national semiconductor asia pacific customer response group tel: 65-2544466 fax: 65-2504466 email: ap.support@nsc.com national semiconductor japan ltd. tel: 81-3-5639-7560 fax: 81-3-5639-7507 www.national.com lm340/lm78xx series 3-terminal positive regulators national does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and national reserves the righ t at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

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