memsic MXD2020G/h/m/n rev.e page 1 of 7 3/25/2005 improved, ultra low noise 1.7 g dual axis accelerometer with digital outputs MXD2020G/h mxd2020m/n features resolution better than 1 milli- g dual axis accelerometer fabricated on a monolithic cmos ic on chip mixed mode signal processing no moving parts 50,000 g shock survival rating 17 hz bandwidth expandable to >160 hz 3.0v to 5.25v single supply continuous operation continuous self test independent axis programmability (special order) compensated for sensitiv ity over temperature ultra low initial zero-g offset applications automotive ? vehicle security/vehicle stability control/ headlight angle control/tilt sensing security ? gas line/elevator/fatigue sensing information appliances ? computer peripherals/pda?s/mouse smart pens/cell phones internal oscillator sck (optional) clk heater control x axis y axis factory adjust offset & gain lpf lpf temperature sensor voltage reference vref dout x vdd vda gnd 2-axis sensor dout y tout continous self test a/d a/d MXD2020G/h/m/n functional block diagram gaming ? joystick/rf interface/menu selection/tilt sensing gps ? electronic compass tilt correction consumer ? lcd projectors, pedometers, blood pressure monitor, digital cameras general description the MXD2020G/h/m/n is a low cost, dual axis accelerometer fabricated on a standard, submicron cmos process. it is a complete sensing system with on-chip mixed mode signal processing. the MXD2020G/h/m/n measures acceleration with a full-scale range of 1.7 g and a sensitivity of 20%/g @5v at 25 c . it can measure both dynamic acceleration (e.g. vibra tion) and static acceleration (e.g. gravity). the MXD2020G/h/m/n design is based on heat convection and requires no solid proof mass. this eliminates stiction and particle problems associated with competitive devices and provide s shock survival of 50,000 g, leading to significantly lower failure rate and lower loss due to handling during assembly. the MXD2020G/h/m/n provides two digital outputs that are set to 50% duty cycle at zero g acceleration. the outputs are digital with duty cycles (ratio of pulse width to period) that are proportional to acceleration. the duty cycle outputs can be direc tly interfaced to a micro- processor. the typical noise floor is 0.2 m g / hz allowing signals below 1 milli- g to be resolved at 1 hz bandwidth. the MXD2020G/h/m/n is packaged in a hermetically sealed lcc surface mount package (5 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm height) and is operational over a -40 c to 105 c(m/n) and 0 c to 70 c(g/h) temperature range. information furnished by memsic is be lieved to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by memsic for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is gr anted by implication or ot herwise under any patent or patent rights of memsic. ? memsic, inc. 800 turnpike st., suite 202, north andover, ma 01845 tel: 978.738.0900 fax: 978.738.0196 www.memsic.com
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 2 of 7 3/25/2005 MXD2020G/h/m/n specifications (measurements @ 25 c, acceleration = 0 g unless otherwise noted; v dd , v da = 5.0v unless otherwise specified) parameter conditions min MXD2020G/h typ max min mxd2020m/n typ max units sensor input measurement range 1 each axis 1.7 1.7 g nonlinearity best fit straight line 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 % of fs alignment error 2 x sensor to y sensor 1.0 1.0 degrees transverse sensitivity 3 2.0 2.0 % sensitivity sensitivity, digital outputs at pins d outx and d outy 4 change each axis 19 20 21 19 20 21 % duty cycle/g over temperature -10 +8 -25 +8 % zero g bias level 0 g offset 4 each axis -0.1 0.0 +0.1 -0.1 0.0 +0.1 g 0 g duty cycle 4 48 50 52 48 50 52 % duty cycle 0 g offset over temperature ? from 25 c based on 20%/g 1.5 0.03 1.5 0.03 m g / c %/ c noise performance noise density, rms 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 m g / hz frequency response 3db bandwidth 15 17 19 15 17 19 hz temperature output t out voltage 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.15 1.25 1.35 v sensitivity 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 5.4 mv/ k voltage reference v ref @3.0v-5.25v supply 2.4 2.5 2.65 2.4 2.5 2.65 v change over temperature 0.1 0.1 mv/ c a self test continuous voltage at d outx , d outy under failure @5.0v supply, output rails to supply voltage 5.0 5.0 v continuous voltage at d outx , d outy under failure @3.0v supply, output rails to supply voltage 3.0 3.0 v d outx and d outy outputs normal output range output high output low 4.8 0.2 4.8 0.2 v v output frequency MXD2020G/m mxd2020h/n 95 380 100 400 105 420 95 380 100 400 105 420 hz hz current source or sink, @ 3.0v-5.25v supply 100 100 a rise/fall time 3.0 to 5.25v supply 90 100 110 90 100 110 ns turn-on time 5 @5.0v supply @3.0v supply 160 300 160 300 ms ms power supply operating voltage range 3.0 5.25 3.0 5.25 v supply current @ 5.0v 2.7 3.8 4.4 2.7 3.8 4.4 ma supply current @ 3.0v 3.2 4.7 5.4 3.2 4.7 5.4 ma temperature range operating range 0 +70 -40 +105 c notes 1 guaranteed by measurement of initial offset and sensitivity. 2 alignment error is specifi ed as the angle between the true and indicated axis of sensitivity. 3 transverse sensitivity is the algebrai c sum of the alignment and the inherent sensitivity errors. 4 the device operates over a 3.0v to 5.25v supply range. please note that sensitivity and zero g bias level will be slightly different at 3.0v operation. for devices to be operated at 3.0v in production, they can be trimmed at the factory specifically for this lower supply voltage operation, in which case the sensitivity and zero g bias level specifications on this page will be met. please contact the factory for specially trimmed devices for low supply voltage operation. 5 output settled to within 17mg.
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 3 of 7 3/25/2005 absolute maximum ratings* supply voltage (v dd , v da ) ??????...-0.5 to +7.0v storage temperature ???.????-65 c to +150 c acceleration ??????????????..50,000 g *stresses above those liste d under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not imp lied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. pin description: lcc-8 package pin name description 1 t out temperature (analog voltage) 2 d outy y-axis acceleration digital signal 3 gnd ground 4 v da analog supply voltage 5 d outx x-axis acceleration digital signal 6 v ref 2.5v reference 7 sck optional external clock 8 v dd digital supply voltage ordering guide model package style digital output temperatu re range MXD2020Gl lcc8 rohs compliant 100 hz 0 to 70 c MXD2020Gf lcc8, pb-free 100 hz 0 to 70 c mxd2020hl lcc8 rohs compliant 400hz 0 to 70 c mxd2020hf lcc8, pb-free 400hz 0 to 70 c mxd2020ml lcc8 rohs compliant 100 hz -40 to 105 mxd2020mf lcc8, pb-free 100 hz -40 to 105 mxd2020nl lcc8 rohs compliant 400 hz -40 to 105 mxd2020nf lcc8, pb-free 400 hz -40 to 105 all parts are shipped in tape and reel packaging. caution: esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. 8 4 1 2 3 7 6 5 top view memsic x +g y +g note: the memsic logo?s arrow indicates the +x sensing direction of the device. the +y sensing direction is rotated 90 away from the +x direction following the right-hand rule. small circle indicates pin one(1). theory of operation the memsic device is a complete dual-axis acceleration measurement system fabricated on a monolithic cmos ic process. the device operation is based on heat transfer by natural convection and opera tes like other accelerometers having a proof mass. the proof mass in the memsic sensor is a gas. a single heat source, centered in the silicon chip is suspended across a cavity. equally spaced aluminum/polysilicon thermopiles (groups of thermocouples) are located equidistantly on all four sides of the heat source (dual axis). under zero acceleration, a temperature gradient is symmetrical about the heat source, so that the temperature is the same at all four thermopiles, causing them to output the same voltage. acceleration in any direction will disturb the temperature profile, due to free convection heat transfer, causing it to be asymmetrical. the temperature, and hence voltage output of the four thermopiles will then be different. the differential voltage at the thermopile outputs is directly proportional to the acceleration. there are two identical acceleration signal paths on the accelerometer, one to measure acceleration in the x-axis and one to measure acceleration in the y-axis. please visit the memsic website at www.memsic.com for a picture/graphic description of the free convection heat transfer principle.
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 4 of 7 3/25/2005 MXD2020G/h/m/n pin descriptions v dd ? this is the supply input for the digital circuits and the sensor heater in the accelerometer . the dc voltage should be between 3.0 and 5.25 volts. refer to the section on pcb layout and fabrication suggestions for guidance on external parts and connections recommended. v da ? this is the power supply input for the analog amplifiers in the accelerometer . v da should always be connected to v dd . refer to the section on pcb layout and fabrication suggestions for guidance on external parts and connections recommended. gnd ? this is the ground pin for the accelerometer . d outx ? this pin is the digital output of the x-axis acceleration sensor. it is f actory programmable to 100 hz or 400 hz. the user should ensure the load impedance is sufficiently high as to not source/sink >100 p a typical. while the sensitivity of this axis has been programmed at the factory to be the same as the sensitivity for the y-axis, the accelerometer can be programmed for non-equal sensitivities on the x- and y-axes. contact the factory for additional information. d outy ? this pin is the digital output of the y-axis acceleration sensor. it is f actory programmable to 100 hz or 400 hz. the user should ensure the load impedance is sufficiently high as to not source/sink >100 p a typical. while the sensitivity of this axis has been programmed at the factory to be the same as the sensitivity for the x-axis, the accelerometer can be programmed for non-equal sensitivities on the x- and y-axes. contact the factory for additional information. t out ? this pin is the buffered output of the temperature sensor. the analog voltage at t out is an indication of the die temperature. this voltage is useful as a differential measurement of temperature from ambient and not as an absolute measurement of temperature. sck ? the standard product is delivered with an internal clock option (800khz). this pin should be grounded when operating with the internal clock. an external clock option can be special ordered from the factory allowing the user to input a clock signal between 400khz and 1.6mhz v ref ? a reference voltage is available from this pin. it is set at 2.50v typical and has 100 p a of drive capability. discussion of tilt applications and resolution tilt applications: one of the most popular applications of the memsic accelerometer product line is in tilt/inclination measurement. an accelerometer uses the force of gravity as an input to determine the inclination angle of an object. a memsic accelerometer is most sensitive to changes in position, or tilt, when the accelerometer?s sensitive axis is perpendicular to the force of gravity, or parallel to the earth?s surface. similarly, wh en the accelerometer?s axis is parallel to the force of gravity (perpendicular to the earth?s surface), it is least sensitiv e to changes in tilt. table 1 and figure 1 help illustrate the output changes in the x- and y-axes as the unit is tilted from +90 q to 0 q . notice that when one axis has a small change in output per degree of tilt (in m g ), the second axis has a large change in output per degree of tilt. the complementary nature of these two signals permits low cost accurate tilt sensing to be achieved with the memsic device (reference application note an-00mx-007). top view x y +90 0 0 0 gravity memsic figure 1: accelerometer po sition relative to gravity x-axis y-axis x-axis orientatio n to earth?s surface (deg.) x output ( g ) change per deg. of tilt (m g ) y output ( g ) change per deg. of tilt (m g ) 90 1.000 0.15 0.000 17.45 85 0.996 1.37 0.087 17.37 80 0.985 2.88 0.174 17.16 70 0.940 5.86 0.342 16.35 60 0.866 8.59 0.500 15.04 45 0.707 12.23 0.707 12.23 30 0.500 15.04 0.866 8.59 20 0.342 16.35 0.940 5.86 10 0.174 17.16 0.985 2.88 5 0.087 17.37 0.996 1.37 0 0.000 17.45 1.000 0.15 table 1: changes in tilt for x- and y-axes
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 5 of 7 3/25/2005 resolution : the accelerometer resolution is limited by noise. the output noise will vary with the measurement bandwidth. with the reduction of the bandwidth, by applying an external low pass filter, the output noise drops. reduction of bandwidth will improve the signal to noise ratio and the resolution. the output noise scales directly with the square root of the measurement bandwidth. the maximum amplitude of the noise, its peak- to- peak value, approximately defines the worst case resolution of the measurement. with a simple rc low pass filter, the rms noise is calculated as follows: noise (mg rms) = noise(mg/ hz ) * ) 6 . 1 * ) ( ( hz bandwidth the peak-to-peak noise is approximately equal to 6.6 times the rms value (for an averag e uncertainty of 0.1%). digital interface the MXD2020G/h/m/n is easily interfaced with low cost microcontrollers. for the di gital output accelerometer, one digital input port is require d to read one accelerometer output. for the analog output accel erometer, many low cost microcontrollers are available t oday that feature integrated a/d (analog to digital converters) with resolutions ranging from 8 to 12 bits. in many applications the microcontroller provides an effective approach for the te mperature compensation of the sensitivity and the zero g offset. specific code set, reference designs, and applications notes are available from the factory. the following parameters must be considered in a digital interface: resolution : smallest detectable ch ange in input acceleration bandwidth : detectable accelerations in a given period of time acquisition time : the duration of the measurement of the acceleration signal duty cycle definition the MXD2020G/h/m/n has two pwm duty cycle outputs (x,y). the acceleration is propor tional to the ratio t1/t2. the zero g output is set to 50% duty cycle and the sensitivity scale factor is set to 20% duty cycle change per g . these nominal values are affected by the initial tolerance of the device including zero g offset error and sensitivity error. this device is offered from the factory programmed to either a 10ms period (100 hz) or a 2.5ms period (400hz). t1 length of the ?on? portion of the cycle. t2 (period) length of the total cycle. duty cycle ratio of the ?0n? time (t1) of the cycle to the total cycle (t2). defined as t1/t2. pulse width time period of the ?on? pulse. defined as t1. t2 t1 a (g)= (t1/t2 - 0.5)/20% 0g = 50% duty cycle t2= 2.5ms or 10ms (factory programmable) figure 2: typical output duty c ycle choosing t2 and counter frequency design trade-offs the noise level is one determinant of accelerometer resolution. the second relates to the measurement resolution of the counter when decoding the duty cycle output. the actual resolution of the acceleration signal is limited by the time resolution of the counting devices used to decode the duty cycle. the faster the counter clock, the higher the resolution of the duty cycle and the shorter the t2 period can be for a given resolution. table 2 shows some of the trade-offs. it is important to note that this is the resolution due to the microprocessors? counter. it is probable that the acceleromete r?s noise floor may set the lower limit on the resolution. t2 (ms) memsic sample rate counter- clock rate (mhz) counts per t2 cycle counts per g reso- lution (m g ) 2.5 400 2.0 5000 1000 1.0 2.5 400 1.0 2500 500 2.0 2.5 400 0.5 1250 250 4.0 10.0 100 2.0 20000 4000 0.25 10.0 100 1.0 10000 2000 0.5 10.0 100 0.5 5000 1000 1.0 table 2: trade-offs between microcontroller counter rate and t2 period. converting the digital output to an analog output the pwm output can be easily converted into an analog output by integration. a simple rc filter can do the conversion. note that that the impedance of the circuit following the integrator must be much higher than the impedance of the rc filter. reference figure 3 for an example.
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 6 of 7 3/25/2005 1uf dout aout 10k memsic accel. figure 3: converting the digital output to an analog voltage power supply noise rejection two capacitors and a resistor are recommended for best rejection of power supply noise (reference figure 4 below). the capacitors should be located as close as possible to the device supply pins (v da , v dd ). the capacitor lead length should be as short as possible, and surface mount capacitors are preferred. for typical a pplications, capacitors c1 and c2 can be ceramic 0.1 f, and the resistor r can be 10 ? figure 4: power supply noise rejection pcb layout and fabrication suggestions 1. the sck pin should be grounded to minimize noise. 2. liberal use of ceramic bypass capacitors is recommended. 3. robust low inductance ground wiring should be used. 4. care should be taken to ensure there is ?thermal symmetry? on the pcb immediately surrounding the memsic device and that th ere is no significant heat source nearby. 5. a metal ground plane should be added directly beneath the memsic device. the size of the plane should be similar to the memsic device?s footprint and be as thick as possible. 6. vias can be added symmetrically around the ground plane. vias increase thermal isolation of the device from the rest of the pcb.
memsic MXD2020G/m/n/h rev.e page 7 of 7 3/25/2005 lcc-8 package drawing fig 5: hermetically sealed package outline
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