powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 hybrid ic igbt gate driver VLA503 1 rev. 2/06 description: the VLA503 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide optimum gate drive for igbt modules. this device provides high current optically isolated gate drive with a large output voltage swing. the driver also provides short circuit protection based on desaturation detection. features: electrical isolation voltage between input and output with opto-coupler (2500 v rms for 1 minute) two supply driver topology built-in short-circuit protection (with a pin for fault output) ttl compatible input interface application: to drive igbt modules for inverter or ac servo systems applications recommended igbt modules: 600v module up to 600a 1200v module up to 1400a outline drawing and circuit diagram dimensions inches millimeters a 2.0 51.0 b 1.02 26.0 c 0.4 10.0 d 0.45 11.5 e 0.12 3.0 f 0.3 7.5 g 0.25 6.5 h 0.10 2.54 j 0.02+0.006/-0.004 0.5+0.15/-0.1 k 0.180.06 4.51.5 l 0.01+0.01/-0.004 0.25+0.2/-0.1 note: all dimensions listed are maximums except h, j, k, and l. detect circuit latch timer and reset circuit interface opto coupler 180 ? v cc control pin for t trip detect pin v o v ee fault output 13 gate shutdown circuit c l e f 14 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 pin : nc 6 8 5 1 2 4 14 1 a b k j d g h
VLA503 hybrid ic igbt gate driver powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 2 rev. 2/06 absolute maximum ratings, t a = 25c unless otherwise speci?ed characteristics symbol VLA503 units supply voltage, dc v cc 18 volts v ee -15 volts input signal voltage (applied between pin 13 - 14, 50% duty cycle, pulse width 1ms) v i -1 ~ +7 volts output voltage (when the output voltage is "h") v o v cc volts output current i ohp -5 amperes (pulse width 2s, f 20khz) i olp 5 amperes isolation voltage (sine wave voltage 60hz, for 1 minute) v iso 2500 v rms case temperature t c 85 c operating temperature (no condensation allowable) t opr -20 ~ +60 c storage temperature (no condensation allowable) t stg -25 ~ +100* c fault output current (applied pin 8) i fo 20 ma input voltage at pin 1 (applied pin 1) v r1 50 volts *differs from h/c condition. electrical and mechanical characteristics, t a = 25c unless otherwise speci?ed, v cc = 15v, v ee = -10v) characteristics symbol test conditions min. typ. max. units supply voltage v cc recommended range 14 15 volts v ee recommended range -7 -10 volts pull-up voltage on primary side v in recommended range 4.75 5 5.25 volts "h" input current i ih recommended range 15.2 16 19 ma switching frequency f recommended range 20 khz gate resistance r g recommended range 2 "h" input current i ih v in = 5v 16 ma "h" output voltage v oh 13 14 volts "l" output voltage v ol -8 -9 volts "l-h" propagation time t plh i ih = 16ma 0.5 1 s "l-h" rise time t r i ih = 16ma 0.3 1 s "h-l" propagation time t phl i ih = 16ma 1 1.3 s "h-l" fall time t f i ih = 16ma 0.3 1 s timer t timer between start and cancel 1 2 ms (under input sign "l") fault output current i fo applied 8 pin, r = 4.7k 5 ma controlled time detect short-circuit 1 t trip1 pin 1: 15v and more, pin 2: open 2.6 s controlled time detect short-circuit 2** t trip2 pin 1: 15v and more, pins 2-4: 10pf 3 s (connective capacitance) sc detect voltage v sc collector voltage of module 15 volts **length of wiring capacitor controlled time detect short-circuit is within 5cm from pin 2 and pin 4 coming and going.
VLA503 hybrid ic igbt gate driver powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 3 rev. 2/06 VLA503 + + + 14 13 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 + + v cc v ee igbt module 18v 18v g c e e 4.7k b1 +5v contr ol fa ul t 30v r g c2 c1 d1 c tr ip ps2501 component selection: design descri ptio n v cc , v ee +15v/-10v t ypical, see data sheet fo r usab le limits r g adjust fo r application requirements . see igbt module application notes fo r recommendations and po wer rating c1, c2 10f-100f 25v lo w impedance electrolyti c d1 ultra f ast reco very t rr <100ns , high v oltage v rr m >v ces (igbt ) c tr ip 0-200pf adjusts desaturation tr ip time (t tr ip ) b1 c mos buff er 74hc04 or similar C must activ ely pull high to maintain noise immunity notes : (1) po wer supply decoupling capacitors c1 and c2 should be connected as close as possible to the pins of the gate dr iv er and must be si z ed to ha ve appropr iate esr and ri pple current capability fo r the igbt being dr iv en . (2) c tr ip should be connected as close as possib le to the pins of the gate dr iv er to av oid noise pic k-up . (3) all ze ner diodes 1w , all resistors 0.25w unless otherwise noted. VLA503 + + 14 13 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 + + v cc igbt module 18v 18v g c e e 4.7k 2.7k 8.2v b1 +5v contr ol fa ul t 30v r g c2 c1 d1 c tr ip ps2501 application circuit single supply operation
VLA503 hybrid ic igbt gate driver powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 4 rev. 2/06 5 3 4 2 1 0 20 6 0 40 80 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c ) po wer dissi pa tion, p d , (w a tts) 0 25 15 20 10 5 0 10 3 0 20 40 suppl y volt age, v cc , (v ol ts) (pin: 4 C 6) quiescent current , i d , (mamperes) 0 t plh t phl 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 0 20 4 0 60 8 0 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c ) pr op agation dela y time l-h, t plh , (s) pr op agation dela y time h-l , t ph l , (s) 0 v cc = 15v v ee = 10v r g = 3.1 ? v in = 5.0v lo ad: cm400d y -24nf t plh t phl 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 input signal volt age, v i , (v ol ts) pr op agation dela y time l-h, t plh , (s) pr op agation dela y time h-l , t ph l , (s) 0 v cc = 15v v ee = 10v r g = 3.1 ? t a = 25c lo ad: cm400d y -24nf 6 5 4 3 2 0 20 6 0 40 80 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c ) contr olled time shor t-circui t detect , t tr ip 1 , t tr ip 2 , (s) 0 1 v cc = 15v v ee = -10v t tr ip 2 : c tr ip = 10pf t tr ip 1 : c tr ip = 0pf 9 5 6 7 8 4 3 2 0 25 7 5 100 125 50 150 connective cap ac it ance, c tr ip , (p f ) (pin: 2 C 4) contr olled time shor t -circui t detect , t tr ip , (s) 0 1 v cc = 15v v ee = -10v t a = 25c t a = 25c pr op ag a tion dela y tim e vs. ambient chara cteristics (typical) pr op ag a tion dela y time vs. input volt ag e chara cteristics (typical) pr op ag a tion dela y tim e vs. ambient tempera ture chara cteristics (typical) po wer dissip at io n vs. ambient tempera ture chara cteristics (maximum ra ting) (typical) switching time definitions quiescent current vs. suppl y volt ag e chara cteristics (pin: 4 C 6) input signal l (typical) contr olled time shor t -circuit detect vs. connective cap a cit ance chara cteristics (typical) v in (pin 14 to 13) v o (pin 5 to 6) t plh t phl 90% 50% 10% t r t f
VLA503 hybrid ic igbt gate driver powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 5 rev. 2/06 general description the VLA503 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide gate drive for high power igbt modules. this circuit has been optimized for use with powerex nf-series and a-series igbt modules. however, the output characteristics are compatible with most mos gated power devices. the VLA503 features a compact single-in-line package design. the upright mounting minimizes required printed circuit board space to allow ef?cient and ?exible layout. the VLA503 converts logic level control signals into fully isolated +15v/-8v gate drive with up to 5a of peak drive current. control signal isolation is provided by an integrated high speed opto-coupler. short circuit protection is provided by means of destauration detection. short circuit protection figure 1 shows a block diagram of a typical desatura - tion detector. in this circuit, a high voltage fast recovery diode (d1) is connected to the igbts collector to moni - tor the collector to emitter voltage. when the igbt is in the off state, v ce is high and d1 is reverse biased. with d1 off the (+) input of the comparator is pulled up to the positive gate drive power supply (v+) which is normally +15v. when the igbt turns on, the compara - tors (+) input is pulled down by d1 to the igbts v ce(sat) . the (-) input of the comparator is supplied with a ?xed voltage (v trip ). during a normal on-state condition the comparators (+) input will be less than v trip and its output will be low. during a normal off-state condi - tion the comparators (+) input will be larger than v trip and its output will be high. if the igbt turns on into a short circuit, the high current will cause the igbts col - lector-emitter voltage to rise above v trip even though the gate of the igbt is being driven on. this abnormal presence of high v ce when the igbt is supposed to be on is often called desaturation . desaturation can be detected by a logical and of the drivers input signal and the comparator output. when the output of the and goes high a short circuit is indicated. the output of the and can be used to command the igbt to shut down in order to protect it from the short circuit. a delay (t trip ) must be provided after the comparator output to allow for the normal turn on time of the igbt. the t trip delay is set so that the igbts v ce has enough time to fall below v trip during normal turn on switching. if t trip is set too short, erroneous desaturation detection will occur. the maximum allowable t trip delay is limited by the igbts short circuit withstanding capability. in typical applications using powerex igbt modules the recom - mended limit is 10s. operation of the VLA503 desaturation detector the powerex VLA503 incorporates short circuit pro - tection using desaturation detection as described above. a ?ow chart for the logical operation of the short-circuit protection is shown in figure 2. when a desaturation is detected the hybrid gate driver performs a soft shut down of the igbt and starts a timed (t timer ) 1.5ms lock out. the soft turn-off helps to limit the tran - sient voltage that may be generated while interrupting the large short circuit current ?owing in the igbt. during the lock out the driver pulls pin 8 low to indicate the fault status. normal operation of the driver will resume after the lock-out time has expired and the control input signal returns to its off state. adjustment of trip time the VLA503 has a default short-circuit detection time delay (t trip ) of approximately 2.5s. this will prevent erroneous detection of short-circuit conditions as long as the series gate resistance (r g ) is near the minimum recommended value for the module being used. the 2.5s delay is appropriate for most applica - tions so adjustment will not be necessary. however, in some low frequency applications it may be desirable to use a larger series gate resistor to slow the switching of the igbt, reduce noise, and limit turn-off transient volt - ages. when r g is increased, the switching delay time of the igbt will also increase. if the delay becomes gate drive igbt module and inpu t v+ d1 v trip c e g e r g delay t trip compare shutdow n + figure 1. desaturation detector
VLA503 hybrid ic igbt gate driver powerex, inc., 173 pavilion lane, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 6 rev. 2/06 no start is v ce > v sc is v ce > v sc is inpu t signal on slow shutdow n disable outpu t set fault signal wait t timer is inpu t signal off yes no delay t trip yes yes yes yes yes no no clear fault signal enable outpu t figure 2. VLA503-01 desaturation detector -5v 10v 10v t timer t tr ip v o (pin 23) fa ul t signal (pin 28) figure 3. adjustment of t trip long enough so that the voltage on the detect pin 1 is greater than v sc at the end of the t trip delay the driver will erroneously indicate that a short circuit has occurred. to avoid this condition the VLA503 has provisions for extending the t trip delay by connecting a capacitor (c trip ) between pin 2 and v cc (pins 4). the effect of adding c trip on trip time is shown in figure 3. if t trip is extended care must be exercised not to exceed the short-circuit withstanding capability of the igbt mod - ule. normally this will be satis?ed for powerex nf and a-series igbt modules as long as the total shut-down time does not exceed 10s.
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